AJPM focus最新文献

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2022 Author Acknowledgment and Articles of the Year 2022年作者表彰和年度文章

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Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/S2773-0654(23)00099-8

引用次数: 0

Editorial Board and Journal Information 编辑委员会和期刊信息

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Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/S2773-0654(23)00100-1

引用次数: 0

Association Between Firearm Purchasing in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress, August 2021 为应对 COVID-19 大流行而购买枪支与焦虑、抑郁和压力症状之间的关系，2021 年 8 月

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Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100171

Amira A. Roess PhD , Laura F. Henderson MPH , Leah M. Adams PhD , Keith D. Renshaw PhD

Introduction

Firearm sales and firearm-related injuries and deaths increased during the pandemic. Little is known about motivations for firearm purchasing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health status of first-time purchasers. The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between firearm purchasing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress.

Methods

The authors analyzed data from a survey that approximated a nationally representative sample of American adults (N=3,528) who either did not own firearms (n=2,327) or purchased firearms for the first time in response to the pandemic (n=240). Self-reported stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were determined using standardized self-assessment questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, respectively). Using multivariable logistic regression, the association between firearm purchasing and each mental health measure were assessed after controlling for demographics and other determinants.

Results

In each model, first-time firearm owners were more likely to be younger, live in urban areas, believe the government does too much for its citizens, stay home, stock up on items, and keep their children at home. First-time owners had significantly higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms than non-owners (AOR=1.05; 95% CI=1.04, 1.07 and AOR=1.15; 95% CI=1.04, 1.26, respectively).

Conclusions

First-time firearm purchasers report higher depressive and anxiety symptoms than non-owners, suggesting that there may be a risk of suicide and other related firearm violence.

导言在大流行期间，枪支销售量和与枪支相关的伤亡人数都有所增加。人们对因 COVID-19 大流行而购买枪支的动机以及首次购买者的心理健康状况知之甚少。本研究的目的是估计因 COVID-19 大流行而购买枪支与焦虑症状、抑郁症状和压力之间的关联。作者分析了一项调查的数据，该调查近似于美国成年人（3528 人）的全国代表性样本，这些成年人要么不拥有枪支（2327 人），要么因大流行而首次购买枪支（240 人）。自我报告的压力、抑郁症状和焦虑症状是通过标准化的自我评估问卷（分别为感知压力量表、患者健康问卷和抑郁焦虑压力量表）确定的。使用多变量逻辑回归法，在控制人口统计学和其他决定因素后，评估了购买枪支与各项心理健康指标之间的关联。结果在每个模型中，首次拥有枪支的人更有可能是年轻人、居住在城市地区、认为政府为公民做了太多事情、待在家里、囤积物品以及把孩子留在家里。首次购买枪支者出现焦虑和抑郁症状的几率明显高于非枪支拥有者（AOR=1.05；95% CI=1.04，1.07 和 AOR=1.15；95% CI=1.04，1.26）。

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引用次数: 0

A Community Survey of Referral Sources to Identify Primary Care and Gender-Affirming Care Providers 社区转介来源调查，以确定初级保健和性别认可保健提供者

AJPM focus

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100170

Anja Jokela MD, Maija Reblin PhD

Introduction

Barriers exist in access to primary care as well as specialty healthcare such as gender-affirming care. Understanding the referral sources used to identify new providers for these types of care can help healthcare systems facilitate access.

Methods

Using data from a community-based survey, demographics and information relevant to finding new healthcare providers were assessed.

Results

Data from 165 participants suggest that seeking a new primary care provider was perceived as challenging. The most common referral sources for primary care providers were family/friends, a doctor, or a medical center website. The most common referral sources for gender–affirming care providers were a doctor, family/friends, or social media. There were significant differences in the types of referral sources most likely to be utilized for primary versus gender-affirming care.

Conclusions

Personal connections, including trusted doctors, can be important sources of provider referrals. Additional resources may be needed to facilitate their ability to make quality connections. Community resources and social media can be important sources when existing social networks may not have knowledge about the needs of particular communities, especially those who may be at risk of discrimination. More inclusive and secure referral sources may be needed to ensure gender-affirming care referrals are made.

导言在获取初级医疗服务以及专科医疗服务（如性别确认医疗服务）方面存在障碍。方法利用一项基于社区的调查数据，对与寻找新的医疗服务提供者相关的人口统计数据和信息进行了评估。结果来自 165 名参与者的数据表明，寻找新的初级医疗服务提供者被认为具有挑战性。初级医疗服务提供者最常见的转介来源是家人/朋友、医生或医疗中心网站。性别确认医疗服务提供者最常见的转介来源是医生、家人/朋友或社交媒体。最有可能用于初级护理和性别确认护理的转介来源类型存在明显差异。可能需要额外的资源来提高他们建立高质量联系的能力。如果现有的社会网络可能不了解特定社区的需求，尤其是那些可能面临歧视风险的社区，那么社区资源和社交媒体可能是重要的来源。可能需要更具包容性和安全性的转介来源，以确保转介的护理服务具有性别认同性。

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引用次数: 0

Cooking with the Community: Addressing Food Insecurity Through Equipment Provision and Professional Instruction 与社区一起烹饪：通过提供设备和专业指导解决粮食不安全问题

AJPM focus

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100169

Ryan L. Spotts MD , Brittany A. Massare MD , Madeline Matzelle-Zywicki BS , Ashley Sun BA , Lisa R. Yoder BS , Eric W. Schaefer MS , Angela L. Zearfaus MD , Deepa L. Sekhar MD

Introduction

Food insecurity is a common problem with many associated negative downstream health impacts. Despite government sponsored and private supports, many individuals struggle with making healthy, nutritious meals. Penn State's Cooking with the Community program was constructed with the objective of providing cooking equipment and instructions to increase knowledge of healthy cooking techniques and consumption of under-utilized food pantry ingredients.

Methods

Four cooking demonstrations were held over an 8-month study period in 2021 designed to educate participants on under-utilized and seasonally available ingredients. Each demonstration was professionally led by a chef who taught cooking skills and the use of different equipment, which were subsequently gifted to the participants. Participants were surveyed before and after each demonstration to assess cooking perceptions and comfort using Likert scales. Final analysis was completed in 2022 using mixed effects models to analyze changes between pre- and post-demonstration.

Results

There were 34 total participants. Statistically significant improvements were seen in confidence in cooking (mean increase=0.5; SD=0.2; p=0.031; 95% CI=0.1, 1.0), preparation of a simple recipe (mean increase=0.6; SD=0.2; p=0.013; 95% CI=0.1, 1.0), and cooking new foods (mean increase=0.6; SD=0.3; p=0.026; 95% CI=0.1, 1.1).

Conclusions

Cooking with the Community provides valuable information on how cooking confidence may be boosted within vulnerable populations by providing cooking equipment and professional instructions on its use.

导言：粮食不安全是一个普遍问题，会对下游健康产生许多负面影响。尽管有政府资助和私人支持，但许多人仍在努力制作健康营养的膳食。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的 "与社区一起烹饪 "计划旨在提供烹饪设备和指导，以提高人们对健康烹饪技巧的认识，并增加对未充分利用的食品储藏室食材的消费。每次演示都由一名厨师进行专业指导，教授烹饪技巧和不同设备的使用方法，这些设备随后赠送给参与者。每次演示前后都会对参与者进行调查，使用李克特量表评估烹饪感知和舒适度。最终分析于 2022 年完成，使用混合效应模型分析演示前后的变化。在烹饪自信心（平均增加=0.5；SD=0.2；P=0.031；95% CI=0.1，1.0）、准备简单食谱（平均增加=0.6；SD=0.2；P=0.013；95% CI=0.1，1.0）和烹饪新食物（平均增加=0.6；SD=0.3；P=0.013；95% CI=0.1，1.0）方面均有明显改善。结论 "与社区一起烹饪 "提供了宝贵的信息，说明如何通过提供烹饪设备和专业的使用指导来增强弱势群体的烹饪信心。

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引用次数: 0

Health Promotion, Health Protection, and Disease Prevention: Challenges and Opportunities in a Dynamic Landscape 健康促进、健康保护和疾病预防：动态环境中的挑战与机遇

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Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100167

Rosemary M. Caron PhD, MPH , Kimberly Noel MD, MPH , Rachael N. Reed DrPH, MPH , Jamie Sibel MD, MPH , Hunter J. Smith MD, MPH, MBE

引用次数: 0

Clinical Preventive Medicine, Integrative Medicine, and Lifestyle Medicine: Current State and Future Opportunities in the Development of Emerging Clinical Areas 临床预防医学、整合医学和生活方式医学：新兴临床领域的发展现状与未来机遇

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Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100166

Jennifer Chevinsky MD, MPH , Siri Chirumamilla MS, DO , Silvia Caswell DO, MPH , Lola Melody Nyoni MS , Karen Studer MD, MPH, MBA

引用次数: 0

Standing on the Shoulders of Giant Artificial Intelligence Bots: Artificial Intelligence Can and Therefore Must Now Elevate Equity in Health Professional Education 站在巨型人工智能机器人的肩膀上：人工智能可以而且必须提升卫生专业教育的公平性

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Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100168

Miriam J. Chickering RN, BSN, NE-BC , Erica Frank MD, MPH, FACPM , Arthur L. Caplan PhD, MPhil, MA, BA

引用次数: 0

Community Medicine, Community Health, and Global Health: Interdisciplinary Fields With a Future Lens Inclusive of Local and Global Health Equity 社区医学、社区卫生和全球健康：跨学科领域的未来视角包括地方和全球健康公平

AJPM focus

Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100165

Andrew S. Knecht DO, MPH , Namita Akolkar MD, MPH , Alexander H.W. Molinari DO, MPH , Melissa L. Palma MD, MPH

引用次数: 0

Population Medicine, Population Health, and Population Health Management: Strategies That Meet Society's Health Needs 人口医学、人口健康和人口健康管理：满足社会健康需求的战略

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Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100164

Irina Arkhipova-Jenkins MD, MBA , Sritha Reddy Rajupet MD, MPH

引用次数: 0

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