{"title":"Preface to special series—transfusion therapy: principles and practices","authors":"P. Mintz","doi":"10.21037/aob-2021-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-2021-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68297148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To review the current role of cryopreserved platelets (CPP) in transfusion medicine. Background: The short shelf life of platelet concentrates (PCs) provokes logistic problems in providing timely PC transfusions during long holiday periods when long or major transportation barriers exists (severe weather, military operations…) or for patients highly alloimmunized by HLA/HPA antibodies. In the European Union the only approved strategy authorized to circumvent the limited storage time of PCs is the cryopreservation using 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), at temperature of –80 ℃ or below. Methods: A review of articles referenced in PubMed published in English before 2020 studying the effect of cryopreservation on platelets in vivo and in vitro was performed. Conclusions: Using in vitro techniques available to characterize platelets, significant changes in the structure and function of CPP after thawing are detected. The changes detected suggest that cryopreservation provokes an increase in the procoagulant activity of platelets. However, in vivo studies in healthy volunteers and in patients, have shown the efficacy and safety of the transfusion of CPP in different clinical scenarios. Nevertheless, its current use is limited to situations where liquid stored platelets is not available mainly in military operations, for patients with complex HLA/HPA alloimmunization or for patients with massive bleeding.
{"title":"Cryopreserved platelets: a narrative review of its current role in transfusion therapy","authors":"M. Lozano, J. Cid","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-31","url":null,"abstract":"To review the current role of cryopreserved platelets (CPP) in transfusion medicine. Background: The short shelf life of platelet concentrates (PCs) provokes logistic problems in providing timely PC transfusions during long holiday periods when long or major transportation barriers exists (severe weather, military operations…) or for patients highly alloimmunized by HLA/HPA antibodies. In the European Union the only approved strategy authorized to circumvent the limited storage time of PCs is the cryopreservation using 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), at temperature of –80 ℃ or below. Methods: A review of articles referenced in PubMed published in English before 2020 studying the effect of cryopreservation on platelets in vivo and in vitro was performed. Conclusions: Using in vitro techniques available to characterize platelets, significant changes in the structure and function of CPP after thawing are detected. The changes detected suggest that cryopreservation provokes an increase in the procoagulant activity of platelets. However, in vivo studies in healthy volunteers and in patients, have shown the efficacy and safety of the transfusion of CPP in different clinical scenarios. Nevertheless, its current use is limited to situations where liquid stored platelets is not available mainly in military operations, for patients with complex HLA/HPA alloimmunization or for patients with massive bleeding.","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45498284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of RHCE variability and complexity in transfusion medicine: a narrative review","authors":"Emilia Sippert, C. Arnoni, M. Rios","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47211312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations on terminology and database organization for blood group genotyping data","authors":"F. Wagner","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42059277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Next generation sequencing and blood group genotyping: a narrative review","authors":"A. Orzińska","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45455980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liver failure resolved via corticosteroids plus plasma exchange in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving nivolumab immunotherapy: case report","authors":"Yurong Gu, Yufeng Zhang, Yuehua Huang, Yanhua Bi, Zhengran Li, Jia-Qi Zhu","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45601739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blood transfusion is remarkably safe in high-income countries (HICs), where safeguards have long protected the blood supply against the major transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Globally, surprisingly few pathogens have been implicated in transfusion transmitted infection and most pathogens do not merit specific intervention. Nonetheless, pathogens are emerging much more frequently than is often appreciated, thus necessitating constant vigilance and individual assessment of transfusion-associated risk. Factors that inform the need for intervention include the ramifications (i.e., severity) of infection with a given pathogen, the likelihood of detection in the absence of a defined intervention, tolerance of standard processing and storage conditions (e.g., refrigeration), transfusion transmissibility and clinical penetrance (i.e., development of symptoms following transfusion transmission). Different approaches that have been used to protect the blood supply include donor selection and risk-based deferral, laboratory screening (i.e., using highly sensitive and specific serological and/or molecular assays), bacterial culture (platelets) and pathogen reduction (PR). Each approach has both strengths as well as limitations, whereby strategies are devised to meet national or regional risk, while balancing available resources. TTIs, as a direct reflection of blood transfusion safety, highlight a World divided. In HICs, hypervigilance is increasingly disproportionate to risk; this has contributed to policies and interventions that have been wasteful, incurring enormous cost at marginal—if any—clinical gain. By contrast, many of the routine measures regarded as effective in HICs are conspicuously deficient or even absent in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) where blood transfusion thus remains a major mode of disease transmission.
{"title":"Transfusion-transmitted infections","authors":"E. Bloch","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-60","url":null,"abstract":"Blood transfusion is remarkably safe in high-income countries (HICs), where safeguards have long protected the blood supply against the major transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Globally, surprisingly few pathogens have been implicated in transfusion transmitted infection and most pathogens do not merit specific intervention. Nonetheless, pathogens are emerging much more frequently than is often appreciated, thus necessitating constant vigilance and individual assessment of transfusion-associated risk. Factors that inform the need for intervention include the ramifications (i.e., severity) of infection with a given pathogen, the likelihood of detection in the absence of a defined intervention, tolerance of standard processing and storage conditions (e.g., refrigeration), transfusion transmissibility and clinical penetrance (i.e., development of symptoms following transfusion transmission). Different approaches that have been used to protect the blood supply include donor selection and risk-based deferral, laboratory screening (i.e., using highly sensitive and specific serological and/or molecular assays), bacterial culture (platelets) and pathogen reduction (PR). Each approach has both strengths as well as limitations, whereby strategies are devised to meet national or regional risk, while balancing available resources. TTIs, as a direct reflection of blood transfusion safety, highlight a World divided. In HICs, hypervigilance is increasingly disproportionate to risk; this has contributed to policies and interventions that have been wasteful, incurring enormous cost at marginal—if any—clinical gain. By contrast, many of the routine measures regarded as effective in HICs are conspicuously deficient or even absent in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) where blood transfusion thus remains a major mode of disease transmission.","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45668289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devin R. Allison, Daniel R. Walker, Emily Coberly, Detlef G. Ritter
{"title":"Passive transfusion of anti-D: a case report to enhance awareness of donor screening and clinical significance","authors":"Devin R. Allison, Daniel R. Walker, Emily Coberly, Detlef G. Ritter","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. I. Chi, D. Kumaran, Michelle P. Zeller, S. Ramirez‐Arcos
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) has become a leading cause of transfusion-transmitted infections in recent years. S. aureus has been known to escape detection during routine PC screening with culture methods leading to septic transfusion reactions. This report describes a bacterial-associated transfusion event in an elderly patient diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia, who was transfused with a 5-day old buffy coat platelet pool. The transfusion was interrupted due to changes in the cardiorespiratory status of the patient, followed by septic shock symptoms including severe chest pain, shortness of breath, chills/rigors, nausea/vomiting, transient hypoxemia, and fever. The patient was successfully treated with analgesics and nitroglycerine spray. Cultures performed on the patient`s blood and the residual PC unit were positive for S. aureus. PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the S. aureus isolate produces the superantigen enterotoxin type G, which was detected in residual PC obtained after the transfusion event. In conclusion, microbiological analyses of patient’s blood samples and transfused PC reveal bacterial infection with severe post-transfusion symptoms due to S. aureus contamination. This is classified as a false-negative transfusion septic case as the implicated PC was negative for bacterial contamination during routine screening with automated culture. This report substantiates the increasing cases of S. aureus as a major PC contaminant with severe clinical consequences, and exposes the potential dangers associated with exotoxin-producing isolates.
{"title":"Transfusion of a platelet pool contaminated with exotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus: a case report","authors":"S. I. Chi, D. Kumaran, Michelle P. Zeller, S. Ramirez‐Arcos","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-38","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) has become a leading cause of transfusion-transmitted infections in recent years. S. aureus has been known to escape detection during routine PC screening with culture methods leading to septic transfusion reactions. This report describes a bacterial-associated transfusion event in an elderly patient diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia, who was transfused with a 5-day old buffy coat platelet pool. The transfusion was interrupted due to changes in the cardiorespiratory status of the patient, followed by septic shock symptoms including severe chest pain, shortness of breath, chills/rigors, nausea/vomiting, transient hypoxemia, and fever. The patient was successfully treated with analgesics and nitroglycerine spray. Cultures performed on the patient`s blood and the residual PC unit were positive for S. aureus. PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the S. aureus isolate produces the superantigen enterotoxin type G, which was detected in residual PC obtained after the transfusion event. In conclusion, microbiological analyses of patient’s blood samples and transfused PC reveal bacterial infection with severe post-transfusion symptoms due to S. aureus contamination. This is classified as a false-negative transfusion septic case as the implicated PC was negative for bacterial contamination during routine screening with automated culture. This report substantiates the increasing cases of S. aureus as a major PC contaminant with severe clinical consequences, and exposes the potential dangers associated with exotoxin-producing isolates.","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43183535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：