Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1967075
Jooseong Kim, I. Bajpai, J. Shackelford, Young-Hwan Han, Sukyoung Kim
ABSTRACT Flash sintering (FS) is becoming a popular densification route for high-temperature oxide ceramics because of its rapid sintering performance. In the current study, bar-shaped hydroxyapatite (HA) specimens were hung between two Pt wire electrodes and consolidated by FS through a direct electric field at a constant furnace temperature (1000°C or 1100°C) in air. The electric field facilitated the sintering of HA at relatively lower furnace temperatures than that obtained using the conventional sintering method. The voltage required for the onset of the flash decreased with increasing furnace temperature. The effects of the DC electric field strength at different sintering furnace temperatures were examined in terms of the phase evolution and stability of HA. HA phase dissociation was not observed regardless of the electric field strength or furnace temperature because of the very short FS time. Higher grain growth with fast densification in the flashed-sintered HA samples occurred with increasing electric field strength at each furnace temperature.
{"title":"Effect of electric field strength stimulation on phase evolution in flash sintered hydroxyapatite at high-temperature range","authors":"Jooseong Kim, I. Bajpai, J. Shackelford, Young-Hwan Han, Sukyoung Kim","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1967075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1967075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flash sintering (FS) is becoming a popular densification route for high-temperature oxide ceramics because of its rapid sintering performance. In the current study, bar-shaped hydroxyapatite (HA) specimens were hung between two Pt wire electrodes and consolidated by FS through a direct electric field at a constant furnace temperature (1000°C or 1100°C) in air. The electric field facilitated the sintering of HA at relatively lower furnace temperatures than that obtained using the conventional sintering method. The voltage required for the onset of the flash decreased with increasing furnace temperature. The effects of the DC electric field strength at different sintering furnace temperatures were examined in terms of the phase evolution and stability of HA. HA phase dissociation was not observed regardless of the electric field strength or furnace temperature because of the very short FS time. Higher grain growth with fast densification in the flashed-sintered HA samples occurred with increasing electric field strength at each furnace temperature.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"17 1","pages":"300 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84777154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1953843
Ding Chen, Zhikang Su, Yixing Pi, Fuyao Li, Tingting Liang, Jiangyong Huang, Tao Luo, Lvhua Guo
ABSTRACT Monolithic self-glazed zirconia is a new type of biomimetic zirconia that has been successfully used as crown and bridge restorations in the anterior and posterior regions. It exhibits excellent biomechanics and aesthetic properties through completely digital processing technology. This case presents a young patient’s aesthetic rehabilitation with self-glazed ultra-thin zirconia veneers by closing the scattered diastema in the aesthetic zone of the anterior teeth with a fully digital workflow. The restorations exhibited excellent aesthetic outcomes with a minimally invasive concept and superior mechanical properties over glass-based ceramic veneers. The application of full-contour monolithic ultra-thin self-glazed zirconia restorations in the anterior aesthetic zone constitutes a reliable, fully digital clinical workflow.
{"title":"Clinical application of fully digital self-glazed ultra-thin zirconia veneers","authors":"Ding Chen, Zhikang Su, Yixing Pi, Fuyao Li, Tingting Liang, Jiangyong Huang, Tao Luo, Lvhua Guo","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1953843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1953843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Monolithic self-glazed zirconia is a new type of biomimetic zirconia that has been successfully used as crown and bridge restorations in the anterior and posterior regions. It exhibits excellent biomechanics and aesthetic properties through completely digital processing technology. This case presents a young patient’s aesthetic rehabilitation with self-glazed ultra-thin zirconia veneers by closing the scattered diastema in the aesthetic zone of the anterior teeth with a fully digital workflow. The restorations exhibited excellent aesthetic outcomes with a minimally invasive concept and superior mechanical properties over glass-based ceramic veneers. The application of full-contour monolithic ultra-thin self-glazed zirconia restorations in the anterior aesthetic zone constitutes a reliable, fully digital clinical workflow.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"65 1","pages":"275 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89607658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-25DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1956292
Kanwal Akhtar, N. A. Shad, M. M. Sajid, Y. Javed, F. Muhammad, B. Akhtar, M. Irfan Hussain, A. Sharif, W. Abbas, A. Munawar
ABSTRACT Bare and functionalised haematite nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesised through the co-precipitation method and characterised using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, and VSM. XRD confirmed the rhombohedral-based hexagonal structure of Fe2O3, while, TEM and SEM showed the formation of lamellar-shaped NPs with the grain size varied from 22 to 80 nm. VSM presented soft ferromagnetic behaviour. From in vivo evaluations, changes in serum levels are analysed at different days of study after administration of bare and coated NPs through the intraperitoneal route of administration in albino rats. Toxicity parameters revealed a transient increase at day 1 but a gradual decrease thereafter. For biodegradation studies, NPs exposure in lysosomal-like medium showed insignificant changes in the absorbance spectrum for a short interval of time, however, dynamical degradation effects were observed on Day 8. Apoferritin studies disclose the growth of absorbance near 260 nm, which reveals progressive and partially filled proteins with iron ions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"In vivo toxicity and biodegradation studies in mimicked biological media of bare and functionalised haematite nanoparticles","authors":"Kanwal Akhtar, N. A. Shad, M. M. Sajid, Y. Javed, F. Muhammad, B. Akhtar, M. Irfan Hussain, A. Sharif, W. Abbas, A. Munawar","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1956292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1956292","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bare and functionalised haematite nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesised through the co-precipitation method and characterised using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, and VSM. XRD confirmed the rhombohedral-based hexagonal structure of Fe2O3, while, TEM and SEM showed the formation of lamellar-shaped NPs with the grain size varied from 22 to 80 nm. VSM presented soft ferromagnetic behaviour. From in vivo evaluations, changes in serum levels are analysed at different days of study after administration of bare and coated NPs through the intraperitoneal route of administration in albino rats. Toxicity parameters revealed a transient increase at day 1 but a gradual decrease thereafter. For biodegradation studies, NPs exposure in lysosomal-like medium showed insignificant changes in the absorbance spectrum for a short interval of time, however, dynamical degradation effects were observed on Day 8. Apoferritin studies disclose the growth of absorbance near 260 nm, which reveals progressive and partially filled proteins with iron ions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"41 1","pages":"287 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74669412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1953842
Shuseng Zhang, Qi Cheng, Min Wei, Yuanjing Zhu, Yu Han, Yu Chen, Ran Wang, Chengxin Chen, Hongbo Zhou
ABSTRACT Implant-supported cement–screw-retained crowns combine the advantages of screw-retained and cement-retained crowns. However, the occlusal screw access hole interrupts porcelain integrity, which may result in porcelain cracks or fractures. There is insufficient scientific evidence to prove that screw access holes affect the fracture load of implant-supported monolithic zirconia crowns. In this study, we investigated the effects of the screw access hole and its preparation technique on the fracture load of implant-supported monolithic zirconia single crown. The crowns were designed for the maxillary right first premolar. Three techniques analysed for screw access hole preparations included computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) before sintering, manually prepared after sintering, and then resintering. Our findings show that the screw access holes and preparation techniques have no significant effects on the fracture load of implant-supported monolithic zirconia single crown. On the other hand, the screw access hole preparation techniques affect failure initiation in implant-supported monolithic zirconia single crown.
{"title":"Effect of screw access hole on the fracture load of implant-supported monolithic zirconia single crown","authors":"Shuseng Zhang, Qi Cheng, Min Wei, Yuanjing Zhu, Yu Han, Yu Chen, Ran Wang, Chengxin Chen, Hongbo Zhou","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1953842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1953842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Implant-supported cement–screw-retained crowns combine the advantages of screw-retained and cement-retained crowns. However, the occlusal screw access hole interrupts porcelain integrity, which may result in porcelain cracks or fractures. There is insufficient scientific evidence to prove that screw access holes affect the fracture load of implant-supported monolithic zirconia crowns. In this study, we investigated the effects of the screw access hole and its preparation technique on the fracture load of implant-supported monolithic zirconia single crown. The crowns were designed for the maxillary right first premolar. Three techniques analysed for screw access hole preparations included computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) before sintering, manually prepared after sintering, and then resintering. Our findings show that the screw access holes and preparation techniques have no significant effects on the fracture load of implant-supported monolithic zirconia single crown. On the other hand, the screw access hole preparation techniques affect failure initiation in implant-supported monolithic zirconia single crown.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"43 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78550512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1953845
S. D. Oguntuyi, O. Johnson, M. Shongwe, S. O. Jeje, A. Rominiyi
ABSTRACT The latest technological requirement demands a huge (but sometimes challenging) variety of properties which perhaps are impossible in monolithic or traditional materials. This has innovated the introduction of reinforcement in traditional materials such that the resulting composite material would be an advantage for the collaborating influence of the combined matrix and the reinforcement. Single-phase ceramics have been limited in application due to low densification and poor properties. Hence, ceramic matrix composite is the family of materials that have undertaken quick innovation in past years because of its auspicious properties for structural and functional usage. This concept has made the incorporation of sintering additives into the monolithic form of ZrO2 of high importance because of the poor densification and fracture toughness of undoped ZrO2. The addition of sintering additives provides good functionality to the improvement of ceramic materials. This paper painstakingly reviews the effects of diverse sintering additives such as carbides, borides, nitrides on the microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties of ZrO2 ceramic matrix using different sintering techniques and it lastly stated a futuristic approach to the enhancement and characterisation needed for ZrO2 ceramic matrix composites.
{"title":"The effects of sintering additives on the ceramic matrix composite of ZrO2: microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties – a review","authors":"S. D. Oguntuyi, O. Johnson, M. Shongwe, S. O. Jeje, A. Rominiyi","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1953845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1953845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The latest technological requirement demands a huge (but sometimes challenging) variety of properties which perhaps are impossible in monolithic or traditional materials. This has innovated the introduction of reinforcement in traditional materials such that the resulting composite material would be an advantage for the collaborating influence of the combined matrix and the reinforcement. Single-phase ceramics have been limited in application due to low densification and poor properties. Hence, ceramic matrix composite is the family of materials that have undertaken quick innovation in past years because of its auspicious properties for structural and functional usage. This concept has made the incorporation of sintering additives into the monolithic form of ZrO2 of high importance because of the poor densification and fracture toughness of undoped ZrO2. The addition of sintering additives provides good functionality to the improvement of ceramic materials. This paper painstakingly reviews the effects of diverse sintering additives such as carbides, borides, nitrides on the microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties of ZrO2 ceramic matrix using different sintering techniques and it lastly stated a futuristic approach to the enhancement and characterisation needed for ZrO2 ceramic matrix composites.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"47 1","pages":"319 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74784817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1950482
T. Lim, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghee Jo, I. Jo, Eunkyung Lee, Heesoo Lee
ABSTRACT Cement mixture with calcite-ettringite seeds (CE seeds) was investigated in terms of early hydration and mechanical property. The ettringite crystals of ettringite seeds (E seeds) exhibited needle-like shapes with lengths of approximately 3 μm, and the ettringite crystals of CE seeds exhibited rodlike shapes with lengths less than 1 μm. A dense growth of network-structured ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) was observed. The amount of cement hydrates was analysed by thermal analysis, and the weight loss of the hydrates was 1.62% (E seeds) and 1.79% (CE seeds) at approximately 104°C, indicating that the amount of hydrates was higher in the mixture with CE seeds. The average pore diameter and porosity of the mixtures decreased from 145 to 79 nm and from 14.88% to 13.89% with the addition of CE seeds. The initial and final setting times of the mixture with CE seeds were 20 and 21 min, which were 4.76% and 8.70% shorter than the setting times of mixture with E seeds. The compressive and flexural strengths of the mixture with CE seeds were 6% and 10% higher than those of the mixture with E seeds, respectively.
{"title":"Early hydration and mechanical strength of calcite–ettringite seeds added cement mixture for 3D printing","authors":"T. Lim, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghee Jo, I. Jo, Eunkyung Lee, Heesoo Lee","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1950482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1950482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Cement mixture with calcite-ettringite seeds (CE seeds) was investigated in terms of early hydration and mechanical property. The ettringite crystals of ettringite seeds (E seeds) exhibited needle-like shapes with lengths of approximately 3 μm, and the ettringite crystals of CE seeds exhibited rodlike shapes with lengths less than 1 μm. A dense growth of network-structured ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) was observed. The amount of cement hydrates was analysed by thermal analysis, and the weight loss of the hydrates was 1.62% (E seeds) and 1.79% (CE seeds) at approximately 104°C, indicating that the amount of hydrates was higher in the mixture with CE seeds. The average pore diameter and porosity of the mixtures decreased from 145 to 79 nm and from 14.88% to 13.89% with the addition of CE seeds. The initial and final setting times of the mixture with CE seeds were 20 and 21 min, which were 4.76% and 8.70% shorter than the setting times of mixture with E seeds. The compressive and flexural strengths of the mixture with CE seeds were 6% and 10% higher than those of the mixture with E seeds, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"192 1","pages":"267 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74190363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1945849
M. Gallardo-Heredia, R. X. Magallanes-Rivera, J. Robles, Yadira G. Maldonado, E. Martínez-Sánchez
ABSTRACT In this investigation, it was studied the effect of curing temperature on the mechanical properties of pastes made with calcium sulfoaluminate cements synthesised from industrial wastes at a relatively low temperature of 1100°C. Fluorgypsum, fly ash, aluminium slag and calcium carbonate were used as raw materials. The main phases of synthesis were calcium sulfoaluminate and gehlenite. Pastes were prepared with different water/cement ratios, 15–25 wt-% hemihydrate and cured at 20 and 40°C. It was found that with higher total amounts of sulphates and increase in temperature, compressive strength is enhanced in the first days of curing and setting times decreased. Ettringite was found to be the main reaction product forming dense structures over time. Calcium sulphates hydration changed the ettringite formation causing fluctuations in the strength development, nevertheless, in some cases the strength surpassed 40 MPa at 28 days. Microstructures and hydration products were studied by SEM and XRD.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on the initial properties of calcium sulfoaluminate binders synthesised at 1100°C","authors":"M. Gallardo-Heredia, R. X. Magallanes-Rivera, J. Robles, Yadira G. Maldonado, E. Martínez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1945849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1945849","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this investigation, it was studied the effect of curing temperature on the mechanical properties of pastes made with calcium sulfoaluminate cements synthesised from industrial wastes at a relatively low temperature of 1100°C. Fluorgypsum, fly ash, aluminium slag and calcium carbonate were used as raw materials. The main phases of synthesis were calcium sulfoaluminate and gehlenite. Pastes were prepared with different water/cement ratios, 15–25 wt-% hemihydrate and cured at 20 and 40°C. It was found that with higher total amounts of sulphates and increase in temperature, compressive strength is enhanced in the first days of curing and setting times decreased. Ettringite was found to be the main reaction product forming dense structures over time. Calcium sulphates hydration changed the ettringite formation causing fluctuations in the strength development, nevertheless, in some cases the strength surpassed 40 MPa at 28 days. Microstructures and hydration products were studied by SEM and XRD.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"16 1","pages":"240 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78875292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1945850
Raghunath Sharma Mukkavilli, Kousik Papakollu, Ravi Kumar
ABSTRACT Porous ceria for high temperature catalytic applications demands structural integrity concomitant with sinter resistance and improved gas permeability. The current state of the art hinges on complex synthesis methodologies which are not only expensive but also lack flexibility in pore tailorability. Hence, the development of porous scaffolds through low-cost processes without compromising on the functionality is in order. Herein, we demonstrate porous ceria with an open porosity of 88% developed through camphene assisted freeze casting for the first time. Microstructural evolution with different building blocks – micrometre-sized particles and short fibres were also studied. Preliminary catalytic activity obtained via temperature programmed reduction exemplified similar profiles showing no effect of the initial building blocks on the activity.
{"title":"Microstructural transitions in camphene-based freeze casted ceria: effect of primary building blocks","authors":"Raghunath Sharma Mukkavilli, Kousik Papakollu, Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1945850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1945850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Porous ceria for high temperature catalytic applications demands structural integrity concomitant with sinter resistance and improved gas permeability. The current state of the art hinges on complex synthesis methodologies which are not only expensive but also lack flexibility in pore tailorability. Hence, the development of porous scaffolds through low-cost processes without compromising on the functionality is in order. Herein, we demonstrate porous ceria with an open porosity of 88% developed through camphene assisted freeze casting for the first time. Microstructural evolution with different building blocks – micrometre-sized particles and short fibres were also studied. Preliminary catalytic activity obtained via temperature programmed reduction exemplified similar profiles showing no effect of the initial building blocks on the activity.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"18 1","pages":"248 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85500577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1933839
Z. Ding, Xiaoli Huang, Wulong Liu, I. Kim, Young-Hwan Han
ABSTRACT ZrB2 powders were synthesised by microwave heating using the sol–gel method for precursor with eight C6H14O6 (ZrOCl2·8H2O), boric acid (H3BO3), citric acid (I), and mannitol (as raw materials). The results show that the temperature at which the ZrB2 powder is completely synthesised by microwave heating is 1400°C, which is 300°C lower than the traditional way. XRD and SEM were used to characterise the phase composition and morphology of the powders. In addition, the effects of raw material ratios and synthesis temperature on the synthesis of powder were investigated. The effect of temperature on the purity of the synthesised zirconium boride was considerable. The nearly spherical ZrB2 ultra-fine powders of high purity were synthesised successfully at 1400°C by microwave, with the ratios of C:Zr is 7.44:1, and B:Zr is 2.77:1.
{"title":"Preparation of high-temperature active zirconium boride powders via precursor route and microwave sintering","authors":"Z. Ding, Xiaoli Huang, Wulong Liu, I. Kim, Young-Hwan Han","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1933839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1933839","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ZrB2 powders were synthesised by microwave heating using the sol–gel method for precursor with eight C6H14O6 (ZrOCl2·8H2O), boric acid (H3BO3), citric acid (I), and mannitol (as raw materials). The results show that the temperature at which the ZrB2 powder is completely synthesised by microwave heating is 1400°C, which is 300°C lower than the traditional way. XRD and SEM were used to characterise the phase composition and morphology of the powders. In addition, the effects of raw material ratios and synthesis temperature on the synthesis of powder were investigated. The effect of temperature on the purity of the synthesised zirconium boride was considerable. The nearly spherical ZrB2 ultra-fine powders of high purity were synthesised successfully at 1400°C by microwave, with the ratios of C:Zr is 7.44:1, and B:Zr is 2.77:1.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"5 1","pages":"222 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87328761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1935158
M. Z. Naser, P. Thavarajah
ABSTRACT Owing to their lower costs and functional properties, the construction industry has been increasingly adopting synthetic organic polymer (SOP) materials into linings, interiors and non-load bearing structural components. While SOPs have favourable properties and characteristics at ambient conditions, the same materials often perform poorly under moderate-to-elevated temperatures such as that arising from a building fire. In fact, most SOPs tend to combust and decompose at elevated temperatures which, unlike traditional building materials such as concrete and ceramic tiles, is proven to not only contribute to the fire but also to adversely affect evacuation and firefighting operations. From a fire engineering perspective, this paper tests a hypothesis in which ceramic tiles (CTs) are expected to outperform SOPs and commonly used insulations as finishing and lining materials under fire conditions. As such, this study showcases a thorough comparison between the behaviour of commonly available CTs, SOPs and insulations in temperatures ranging between 25 and 1000°C. Then, this paper analyses published CT models to derive temperature-dependent material models with the aid of machine learning (ML). Findings of this work advocate the use of CTs as favourable finishing and interior lining materials to enable realising improved structural fire performance and fire response managements, as opposed to SOPs, composites or insulations. The outcome of this work is expected to be of interest to architects, first responders, building officials, fire and structural engineers.
{"title":"Ceramic tiles as sustainable, functional and insulating materials to mitigate fire damage","authors":"M. Z. Naser, P. Thavarajah","doi":"10.1080/17436753.2021.1935158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17436753.2021.1935158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Owing to their lower costs and functional properties, the construction industry has been increasingly adopting synthetic organic polymer (SOP) materials into linings, interiors and non-load bearing structural components. While SOPs have favourable properties and characteristics at ambient conditions, the same materials often perform poorly under moderate-to-elevated temperatures such as that arising from a building fire. In fact, most SOPs tend to combust and decompose at elevated temperatures which, unlike traditional building materials such as concrete and ceramic tiles, is proven to not only contribute to the fire but also to adversely affect evacuation and firefighting operations. From a fire engineering perspective, this paper tests a hypothesis in which ceramic tiles (CTs) are expected to outperform SOPs and commonly used insulations as finishing and lining materials under fire conditions. As such, this study showcases a thorough comparison between the behaviour of commonly available CTs, SOPs and insulations in temperatures ranging between 25 and 1000°C. Then, this paper analyses published CT models to derive temperature-dependent material models with the aid of machine learning (ML). Findings of this work advocate the use of CTs as favourable finishing and interior lining materials to enable realising improved structural fire performance and fire response managements, as opposed to SOPs, composites or insulations. The outcome of this work is expected to be of interest to architects, first responders, building officials, fire and structural engineers.","PeriodicalId":7224,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Ceramics","volume":"8 1","pages":"227 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84298265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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