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Single neuron recording: progress towards high-throughput analysis. 单神经元记录：高通量分析的进展。
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2020-0011
Andrew Alegria, Amey Joshi, Jacob O'Brien, Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
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引用次数: 0
Designing a bioelectronic treatment for Type 1 diabetes: targeted parasympathetic modulation of insulin secretion. 设计一种治疗 1 型糖尿病的生物电子疗法：对胰岛素分泌进行有针对性的副交感神经调节。
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2020-0006
Elliott W Dirr, Morgan E Urdaneta, Yogi Patel, Richard D Johnson, Martha Campbell-Thompson, Kevin J Otto

The pancreas is a visceral organ with exocrine functions for digestion and endocrine functions for maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. In pancreatic diseases such as Type 1 diabetes, islets of the endocrine pancreas become dysfunctional and normal regulation of blood glucose concentration ceases. In healthy individuals, parasympathetic signaling to islets via the vagus nerve, triggers release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells and glucagon from α-cells. Using electrical stimulation to augment parasympathetic signaling may provide a way to control pancreatic endocrine functions and ultimately control blood glucose. Historical data suggest that cervical vagus nerve stimulation recruits many visceral organ systems. Simultaneous modulation of liver and digestive function along with pancreatic function provides differential signals that work to both raise and lower blood glucose. Targeted pancreatic vagus nerve stimulation may provide a solution to minimizing off-target effects through careful electrode placement just prior to pancreatic insertion.

胰腺是一个内脏器官，具有消化的外分泌功能和维持血糖平衡的内分泌功能。在胰腺疾病（如 1 型糖尿病）中，胰腺内分泌的胰岛功能失调，血糖浓度的正常调节也随之停止。在健康人体内，副交感神经通过迷走神经向胰岛发出信号，触发胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素和α细胞释放胰高血糖素。利用电刺激来增强副交感神经的信号传递可能是控制胰腺内分泌功能并最终控制血糖的一种方法。历史数据表明，颈迷走神经刺激可调动许多内脏器官系统。同时调节肝脏和消化系统功能以及胰腺功能可提供不同的信号，从而达到升高和降低血糖的目的。通过在胰腺插入前仔细放置电极，靶向性胰腺迷走神经刺激可能会提供一种解决方案，将脱靶效应降至最低。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizing prosthetic technology to improve quality of life: an interview with Ranu Jung and James Abbas. 利用假肢技术提高生活质量:采访Ranu Jung和James Abbas。
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2020-0002
Ranu Jung, James Abbas

In this interview, we spoke with Ranu and James at SfN Neuroscience (19-23 October 2019, Chicago, IL, USA) to discover more about their collaboration on a clinical trial aiming to improve the lives of American veterans and service members who have lost limbs. The clinical trial involves the adaptive neural systems neural-enabled prosthetic hand system [1,2].

在这次采访中，我们与SfN神经科学(2019年10月19日至23日，芝加哥，伊利诺伊州，美国)的Ranu和James进行了交谈，以了解他们在一项旨在改善美国退伍军人和失去肢体的服务人员生活的临床试验中的合作。临床试验涉及自适应神经系统神经激活假手系统[1,2]。
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引用次数: 0
What directions of improvements in electrode designs should we expect in the next 5-10 years? 未来 5-10 年，电极设计的改进方向是什么？
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0023
Keying Chen, Stephanie Lam, Takashi Dy Kozai
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引用次数: 0
Neural microphysiological systems for in vitro modeling of peripheral nervous system disorders 用于外周神经系统疾病体外建模的神经微物理系统
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0018
K. Pollard, Anup D. Sharma, M. J. Moore
PNS disease pathology is diverse and underappreciated. Peripheral neuropathy may result in sensory, motor or autonomic nerve dysfunction and can be induced by metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory dysfunction, cytotoxic pharmaceuticals, rare hereditary disorders or may be idiopathic. Current preclinical PNS disease research relies heavily on the use of rodent models. In vivo methods are effective but too time-consuming and expensive for high-throughput experimentation. Conventional in vitro methods can be performed with high throughput but lack the biological complexity necessary to directly model in vivo nerve structure and function. In this review, we survey in vitro PNS model systems and propose that 3D-bioengineered microphysiological nerve tissue can improve in vitro–in vivo extrapolation and expand the capabilities of in vitro PNS disease modeling.
PNS疾病的病理学是多种多样的，并且被低估了。周围神经病变可能导致感觉、运动或自主神经功能障碍，并可能由代谢功能障碍、炎症功能障碍、细胞毒性药物、罕见遗传性疾病引起，或可能是特发性的。目前临床前PNS疾病的研究在很大程度上依赖于啮齿动物模型的使用。体内方法是有效的，但对于高通量实验来说过于耗时和昂贵。常规的体外方法可以以高通量进行，但缺乏直接模拟体内神经结构和功能所需的生物学复杂性。在这篇综述中，我们调查了体外PNS模型系统，并提出3D生物工程微物理神经组织可以改进体外-体内推断，并扩展体外PNS疾病建模的能力。
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引用次数: 7
Activation of the sciatic nerve evoked during epidural spinal cord stimulation in rodents 啮齿动物硬膜外脊髓刺激引起的坐骨神经激活
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0020
N. Bhadra, T. Vrabec, K. Kilgore, N. Bhadra
Aim: To validate the use of motor activation thresholds (MoT) to titrate stimulation amplitudes for spinal cord stimulation in rodent models. Methods: We recorded thresholds for MoT and sciatic compound action potentials in ten Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with epidural electrodes. Strength duration curves were fitted to the threshold values. Results: Activation thresholds were in the same order for both MoT and sciatic compound action potentials. Conclusion: Many of the large, myelinated fibers traversing the dorsal columns in the rodent spine are activated at similar current levels to MoT. Epidural stimulation in rodents needs to be applied at amplitudes close to MoT to activate these axons.
目的：验证在啮齿类动物模型中使用运动激活阈值（MoT）来滴定脊髓刺激的刺激幅度。方法：我们记录了10只植入硬膜外电极的Sprague-Dawley大鼠的MoT和坐骨复合动作电位阈值。将强度-持续时间曲线拟合到阈值。结果：MoT和坐骨神经复合动作电位的激活阈值顺序相同。结论：啮齿类动物脊柱中许多穿过背柱的有髓鞘大纤维在与MoT相似的电流水平下被激活。啮齿类动物的硬膜外刺激需要以接近MoT的振幅来激活这些轴突。
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引用次数: 1
Applications of PEDOT in bioelectronic medicine PEDOT在生物电子医学中的应用
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2217/BEM-2019-0014
C. Boehler, Z. Aqrawe, M. Asplund
The widespread use of conducting polymers, especially poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), within the space of bioelectronics has enabled improvements, both in terms of electrochemistry and functional versatility, of conventional metallic electrodes. This short review aims to provide an overview of how PEDOT coatings have contributed to functionalizing existing bioelectronics, the challenges which meet conducting polymer coatings from a regulatory and stability point of view and the possibilities to bring PEDOT-based coatings into large-scale clinical applications. Finally, their potential use for enabling new technologies for the field of bioelectronics as biodegradable, stretchable and slow-stimulation materials will be discussed.
导电聚合物，特别是聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)在生物电子学领域的广泛应用，使得传统金属电极在电化学和功能多功能性方面都得到了改进。这篇简短的综述旨在概述PEDOT涂层如何促进现有生物电子学的功能化，从监管和稳定性的角度来看，导电聚合物涂层面临的挑战，以及将PEDOT涂层引入大规模临床应用的可能性。最后，将讨论它们在生物电子学领域作为可生物降解、可拉伸和慢刺激材料的新技术中的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 64
What impact could transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation have on an aging population? 经皮迷走神经刺激对老年人有什么影响?
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0022
Beatrice Bretherton, J. Deuchars, S. Deuchars
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引用次数: 1
Biomimicry for injectable mesh nanoelectronics 可注射网状纳米电子学的仿生
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2217/BEM-2019-0017
Clementene Clayton, B. Tian
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引用次数: 0
A rodent model for long-term vagus nerve stimulation experiments 长期迷走神经刺激实验的啮齿动物模型
Bioelectronics in medicine
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0016
Farid Yaghouby, Benjamin Shafer, Srikanth Vasudevan
Aim: Investigations into the benefits of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) using rodents have led to promising findings for treating clinical disorders. However, the majority of research has been limited to acute timelines. We developed a rodent model for longitudinal assessment of VNS and validated it with a long-term experiment incorporating continuous physiological monitoring. While the primary aim was not to investigate the effects of VNS on the cardiovascular system, we analyzed cardiovascular parameters to demonstrate the model's capabilities in a long-term stimulation-and-recording setup. Materials & methods: Rats were implanted with a cuff electrode around the cervical vagus nerve and electrocardiogram monitoring devices were implanted in the peritoneal cavity. We also designed a connector mount for seamless access to the cuff electrode for VNS in awake-behaving rats. Results & conclusion: Results signified easy-to-interface VNS system, electrode robustness and discernible physiological signals in a long-term setup. Analysis of the cardiovascular parameters revealed some transient effects during VNS. Our proposed model enables long-term VNS experiments along with physiological monitoring in unanesthetized rats.
目的：研究啮齿类动物迷走神经刺激（VNS）的益处，为治疗临床疾病带来了有希望的发现。然而，大多数研究都局限于紧迫的时间线。我们开发了一个用于VNS纵向评估的啮齿动物模型，并通过结合连续生理监测的长期实验进行了验证。虽然主要目的不是研究VNS对心血管系统的影响，但我们分析了心血管参数，以证明该模型在长期刺激和记录设置中的能力。材料与方法：在大鼠颈迷走神经周围植入袖带电极，腹膜腔内植入心电图监测装置。我们还设计了一个连接器支架，用于在清醒行为的大鼠中无缝接入VNS的袖带电极。结果和结论：结果表明，在长期设置中，VNS系统易于接口，电极坚固耐用，生理信号清晰可辨。对心血管参数的分析揭示了VNS过程中的一些瞬态效应。我们提出的模型能够在未麻醉的大鼠中进行长期VNS实验和生理监测。
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引用次数: 5
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