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Toward peptide-based bioelectronics: reductionist design of conductive pili mimetics. 迈向以多肽为基础的生物电子学:导电模拟毛的还原论设计。
Pub Date : 2018-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-05-25 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2018-0003
Tom Guterman, Ehud Gazit

Proteins and peptides possess inherent properties which can benefit medical devices that interact with electro-responsive tissues. However, proteinaceous materials are typically electrically insulating and hence are not suitable to be utilized as conductive elements in electromedical and other bio-interfacing devices. The discovery of intrinsic electrical conductivity in bacterial protein nanofibers, termed e-pili, could give rise to mimetic reductionist design and thus provide an opportunity to improve the function of existing electromedical devices. In this Special Report we review key aspects concerning the properties of e-pili and present the ongoing effort toward the design of mimetic conductive nanostructures. We highlight the advantages of using self-assembling peptides as building blocks for this purpose and discuss the prospect of the envisioned mimetic nanostructures.

蛋白质和多肽具有可使与电反应组织相互作用的医疗设备受益的固有特性。然而,蛋白质材料通常是电绝缘的,因此不适合用作导电元件在电子医疗和其他生物接口设备中。细菌蛋白纳米纤维(被称为e-pili)的固有导电性的发现,可能会引发模拟还原论设计,从而为改进现有电子医疗设备的功能提供机会。在这篇特别报道中,我们回顾了有关电毛菌性质的关键方面,并介绍了正在进行的设计模拟导电纳米结构的努力。我们强调了使用自组装肽作为构建块的优势,并讨论了设想的模拟纳米结构的前景。
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引用次数: 17
Reversible conduction block in peripheral nerve using electrical waveforms. 利用电波形实现周围神经的可逆传导阻滞。
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2017-0004
Niloy Bhadra, Tina L Vrabec, Narendra Bhadra, Kevin L Kilgore

Introduction: Electrical nerve block uses electrical waveforms to block action potential propagation.

Materials & methods: Two key features that distinguish electrical nerve block from other nonelectrical means of nerve block: block occurs instantly, typically within 1 s; and block is fully and rapidly reversible (within seconds).

Results: Approaches for achieving electrical nerve block are reviewed, including kilohertz frequency alternating current and charge-balanced polarizing current. We conclude with a discussion of the future directions of electrical nerve block.

Conclusion: Electrical nerve block is an emerging technique that has many significant advantages over other methods of nerve block. This field is still in its infancy, but a significant expansion in the clinical application of this technique is expected in the coming years.

简介神经电阻滞利用电波阻断动作电位的传播:电神经阻滞区别于其他非电神经阻滞手段的两个关键特征:阻滞瞬间发生,通常在 1 秒内;阻滞完全且快速可逆(几秒钟内):结果:回顾了实现神经电阻滞的方法,包括千赫兹频率交流电和电荷平衡极化电流。最后,我们讨论了神经电阻滞的未来发展方向:结论:神经电阻滞是一种新兴技术,与其他神经阻滞方法相比具有许多显著优势。这一领域仍处于起步阶段,但预计在未来几年内,这一技术的临床应用将大幅扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Bionic intrafascicular interfaces for recording and stimulating peripheral nerve fibers. 用于记录和刺激周围神经纤维的仿生束内界面。
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2017-0009
Ranu Jung, James J Abbas, Sathyakumar Kuntaegowdanahalli, Anil K Thota

The network of peripheral nerves presents extraordinary potential for modulating and/or monitoring the functioning of internal organs or the brain. The degree to which these pathways can be used to influence or observe neural activity patterns will depend greatly on the quality and specificity of the bionic interface. The anatomical organization, which consists of multiple nerve fibers clustered into fascicles within a nerve bundle, presents opportunities and challenges that may necessitate insertion of electrodes into individual fascicles to achieve the specificity that may be required for many clinical applications. This manuscript reviews the current state-of-the-art in bionic intrafascicular interfaces, presents specific concerns for stimulation and recording, describes key implementation considerations and discusses challenges for future designs of bionic intrafascicular interfaces.

周围神经网络在调节和/或监测内脏器官或大脑的功能方面表现出非凡的潜力。这些通路能够影响或观察神经活动模式的程度将在很大程度上取决于仿生界面的质量和特异性。该解剖组织由神经束内聚集成束的多个神经纤维组成,为实现许多临床应用所需的特异性,可能需要将电极插入单个神经束,这带来了机遇和挑战。这篇论文回顾了目前最先进的仿生束束内接口,提出了刺激和记录的具体问题,描述了关键的实现考虑因素,并讨论了仿生束束内接口未来设计的挑战。
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引用次数: 15
Calibration of thresholds for functional engagement of vagal A, B and C fiber groups in vivo. 校准体内迷走 A、B 和 C 纤维群功能参与的阈值。
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-03 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2017-0001
Robin M McAllen, Anthony D Shafton, Bradford O Bratton, David Trevaks, John B Furness

Vagal nerve stimulation is widely used therapeutically but the fiber groups activated are often unknown.

Aim: To establish a simple protocol to define stimulus thresholds for vagal A, B and C fibers.

Methods: The intact left or right cervical vagus was stimulated with 0.1 ms pulses in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rats. Heart and respiratory rate responses to vagal stimulation were recorded. The vagus was subsequently cut distally, and mass action potentials to the same stimuli were recorded.

Results: Stimulating at either 50 Hz for 2 s or 2 Hz for 10 s at experimentally determined strengths revealed A, B and C fiber thresholds that were related to respiratory and heart rate changes.

Conclusion: Our simple protocol discriminates vagal A, B and C fiber thresholds in vivo.

迷走神经刺激被广泛用于治疗,但所激活的纤维群往往不为人知。目的:建立一个简单的方案来确定迷走神经 A、B 和 C 纤维的刺激阈值:方法:用 0.1 毫秒脉冲刺激自主呼吸的麻醉大鼠完整的左或右颈迷走神经。记录心率和呼吸率对迷走神经刺激的反应。随后在远端切断迷走神经,记录对相同刺激的大量动作电位:结果:在实验确定的强度下,以 50 赫兹刺激 2 秒或 2 赫兹刺激 10 秒,发现 A、B 和 C 纤维阈值与呼吸和心率变化有关:结论:我们的简单方案可在体内区分迷走 A、B 和 C 纤维阈值。
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引用次数: 0
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Bioelectronics in medicine
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