The presence of antibodies directed against beta cell antigens or molecules is a significant risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the beta cells that produce insulin the pancreas. The attack causes permanent damage and leaves the pancreas unable to produce insulin. If the pancreas isn’t working they it should, or the body can’t use the insulin it makes, the blood sugar levels get too high, and diabetes occurred. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is usually diagnosed before the age of 40, although occasionally people have been diagnosed later after an illness causes an immune response that triggers it. Ethnic minorities have a higher prevalence of type 1 diabetes than non-minority individuals. Environmental factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus may differ substantially from population to population. More specifically, disease incidence in one geographical area may differ from another because of different exposures to a given risk factor or because of difference between population genetic susceptibilities to that risk factor.
{"title":"Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.01.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.01.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of antibodies directed against beta cell antigens or molecules is a significant risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the beta cells that produce insulin the pancreas. The attack causes permanent damage and leaves the pancreas unable to produce insulin. If the pancreas isn’t working they it should, or the body can’t use the insulin it makes, the blood sugar levels get too high, and diabetes occurred. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is usually diagnosed before the age of 40, although occasionally people have been diagnosed later after an illness causes an immune response that triggers it. Ethnic minorities have a higher prevalence of type 1 diabetes than non-minority individuals. Environmental factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus may differ substantially from population to population. More specifically, disease incidence in one geographical area may differ from another because of different exposures to a given risk factor or because of difference between population genetic susceptibilities to that risk factor.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78281318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabella Mark, Grace E. Hey, Reid Colliander, Bailey McCracken, Jed Casauay, B. Lucke-Wold
Neurologic injury often influences various bodily functions associated with digestion. It is imperative for an individual to obtain proper nutrients to maintain a healthy lifestyle and recover from injury. In this review, we explore variables and methods of enteral tube placement in neurologic injury patients influencing recovery, specifically G- and J-tubes. We will first review the patient population by identifying leading causes for enteral tube placement among both pediatric and adult neurologic patients. We will then discuss the general procedures for placement and safety considerations for specified patient populations. We will explore interventions limiting placement of the G- and J-tubes by focusing on two interventions: ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and intrathecal baclofen (ITB). Then, we will highlight nutritional enhancers that may influence general treatment. Finally, we discuss proper weaning procedures and eJective methods fitting patient needs.
{"title":"The Role of G-tube Placement for Neurologic Injury Patients","authors":"Isabella Mark, Grace E. Hey, Reid Colliander, Bailey McCracken, Jed Casauay, B. Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.33140/bscr.01.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.01.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Neurologic injury often influences various bodily functions associated with digestion. It is imperative for an individual to obtain proper nutrients to maintain a healthy lifestyle and recover from injury. In this review, we explore variables and methods of enteral tube placement in neurologic injury patients influencing recovery, specifically G- and J-tubes. We will first review the patient population by identifying leading causes for enteral tube placement among both pediatric and adult neurologic patients. We will then discuss the general procedures for placement and safety considerations for specified patient populations. We will explore interventions limiting placement of the G- and J-tubes by focusing on two interventions: ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and intrathecal baclofen (ITB). Then, we will highlight nutritional enhancers that may influence general treatment. Finally, we discuss proper weaning procedures and eJective methods fitting patient needs.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79658353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poisons are the substances that, after coming to contact with the body either internally or externally, cause deleterious effect. Poisoning is the situation when an individual comes to the contact with a poison and the development of signs and symptoms occurs. Management of poisoning is vividly discussed in the branch of Modern medicine “Toxicology”. The context of the substances that can be closely compared with “poison” and “poisoning” is the concept of “BISHA”and “BISHAPITA” of the Ayurvedic classics. Bisha is discussed by the great Indian Ayurvedic scholar, the father of Indian medicine, “Charaka”in the famous book “Charaka Samhita” Chikitsasthana 23rd chapter and also by the father of Indian Surgery “Susruta” in “Susruta Samhita” Kalpasthana 8 chapters . Both the scholars have given almost same concepts on poison (Bisha) and poisoning (Bishapidita). But, even with close similarity of concepts, the description of Susruta is seemed to be more elaborate and informative hence throwing light on his concepts is considered to be more beneficial and informative.
{"title":"Poison as Discussed by Susruta, The Father of Surgery","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.01.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.01.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Poisons are the substances that, after coming to contact with the body either internally or externally, cause deleterious effect. Poisoning is the situation when an individual comes to the contact with a poison and the development of signs and symptoms occurs. Management of poisoning is vividly discussed in the branch of Modern medicine “Toxicology”. The context of the substances that can be closely compared with “poison” and “poisoning” is the concept of “BISHA”and “BISHAPITA” of the Ayurvedic classics. Bisha is discussed by the great Indian Ayurvedic scholar, the father of Indian medicine, “Charaka”in the famous book “Charaka Samhita” Chikitsasthana 23rd chapter and also by the father of Indian Surgery “Susruta” in “Susruta Samhita” Kalpasthana 8 chapters . Both the scholars have given almost same concepts on poison (Bisha) and poisoning (Bishapidita). But, even with close similarity of concepts, the description of Susruta is seemed to be more elaborate and informative hence throwing light on his concepts is considered to be more beneficial and informative.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83385454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the experimental for the types of mixers used in mixing natural gas with air to operate the irrigation pump to save energy, many of measurements were carried 2021 year in workshops of Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Used engine single-cylinder, air-cooled. A new pump with a discharge diameter of 2 inches, which was an Egyptian manufacture. Several types of mixers were manufactured to mix natural gas with air before entering the engine. Using iron pipes of different diameters, three types of mixers were used Mixer with a perforated inner tube of 8, 10. 12cm (L8, L10, L12) . selected determine the four shaft speeds (1750, 2300, 2900 and 3500 rpm) using the engine speed measuring device. The results here dealt with study the analysis of technical indicators for the types of mixers used in mixing natural gas with air to operate the irrigation pump. where the actual power (Braking power) is superior to all types when operating with gasoline was (3.07 kW) A comparison with the use of natural gas, where the mixer type (L10) (2.69 kW) was 10% less than gasoline. the lowest Specific fuel consumption (s. fc) for gasoline was (219.025 gm/Kw.h) at an engine speed of (2900 rpm), The lowest (S.fc) for the types of mixers was the mixer (L10) was (340.144 gm/Kw.h) at an engine speed of (2900 rpm),The highest pump discharge was with the L8 mixer (32.98 m3/h), an increase of 1.8% over gasoline at an engine speed of (3500 rpm), The highest actual hydraulic power with L10 type mixer compared to other type L mixers (0.782 kW) was 12 % lower than that of gasoline. As for the economic indicators the lowest Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was Gasoline ( 0.44), and the highest (IRR) when carrying the mixer type (L8) was (0.60) an increase of 26.6 % over gasoline. the lowest payback period was the type of mixer (L8) was (1.66 year), and the highest payback period When the Gasoline it was (2.27 year).
{"title":"Technical and Economic Indicators for Operating Irrigation Pump using Natural Gas","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.01.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.01.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the experimental for the types of mixers used in mixing natural gas with air to operate the irrigation pump to save energy, many of measurements were carried 2021 year in workshops of Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Used engine single-cylinder, air-cooled. A new pump with a discharge diameter of 2 inches, which was an Egyptian manufacture. Several types of mixers were manufactured to mix natural gas with air before entering the engine. Using iron pipes of different diameters, three types of mixers were used Mixer with a perforated inner tube of 8, 10. 12cm (L8, L10, L12) . selected determine the four shaft speeds (1750, 2300, 2900 and 3500 rpm) using the engine speed measuring device. The results here dealt with study the analysis of technical indicators for the types of mixers used in mixing natural gas with air to operate the irrigation pump. where the actual power (Braking power) is superior to all types when operating with gasoline was (3.07 kW) A comparison with the use of natural gas, where the mixer type (L10) (2.69 kW) was 10% less than gasoline. the lowest Specific fuel consumption (s. fc) for gasoline was (219.025 gm/Kw.h) at an engine speed of (2900 rpm), The lowest (S.fc) for the types of mixers was the mixer (L10) was (340.144 gm/Kw.h) at an engine speed of (2900 rpm),The highest pump discharge was with the L8 mixer (32.98 m3/h), an increase of 1.8% over gasoline at an engine speed of (3500 rpm), The highest actual hydraulic power with L10 type mixer compared to other type L mixers (0.782 kW) was 12 % lower than that of gasoline. As for the economic indicators the lowest Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was Gasoline ( 0.44), and the highest (IRR) when carrying the mixer type (L8) was (0.60) an increase of 26.6 % over gasoline. the lowest payback period was the type of mixer (L8) was (1.66 year), and the highest payback period When the Gasoline it was (2.27 year).","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87411761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Mental Health issues such as depression, PTSD, suicide etc., have become epidemics crippling western society requiring significant allocation of funds to address them. Research shows that that regardless of therapy used, nature and severity of the presenting problem and diagnosis, the modal frequency of patients attending counselling services is 1 [1-3]. With this in mind, Self-Empowerment Therapy (SET) was developed by the author [4]. Aims The aim of this study was to look at effectiveness of SET as a single session in the treatment of depression. Method A cohort of 82 subjects were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory at the start of the single-session and at the conclusion of the single-session. Single session SET consisting of recording baseline measures, administration of 4 clinical exercises, questionnaire administration and results analysis. Results Results of the tests showed (n=82) showed clinically significant therapeutic effects from SET in a single therapy session with 76.82 percent improvement. Conclusions Results for the in-person single shot two hour SET depression intervention demonstrated clinically significant impact on depression symptoms associated with PTSD.
{"title":"A Pilot Study: Self-Empowerment Therapy for Depression Associated with PTSD","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.01.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.01.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background Mental Health issues such as depression, PTSD, suicide etc., have become epidemics crippling western society requiring significant allocation of funds to address them. Research shows that that regardless of therapy used, nature and severity of the presenting problem and diagnosis, the modal frequency of patients attending counselling services is 1 [1-3]. With this in mind, Self-Empowerment Therapy (SET) was developed by the author [4]. Aims The aim of this study was to look at effectiveness of SET as a single session in the treatment of depression. Method A cohort of 82 subjects were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory at the start of the single-session and at the conclusion of the single-session. Single session SET consisting of recording baseline measures, administration of 4 clinical exercises, questionnaire administration and results analysis. Results Results of the tests showed (n=82) showed clinically significant therapeutic effects from SET in a single therapy session with 76.82 percent improvement. Conclusions Results for the in-person single shot two hour SET depression intervention demonstrated clinically significant impact on depression symptoms associated with PTSD.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"1048 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77236696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurologic injury often influences various bodily functions associated with digestion. It is imperative for an individual to obtain proper nutrients to maintain a healthy lifestyle and recover from injury. In this review, we explore variables and methods of enteral tube placement in neurologic injury patients influencing recovery, specifically G- and J-tubes. We will first review the patient population by identifying leading causes for enteral tube placement among both pediatric and adult neurologic patients. We will then discuss the general procedures for placement and safety considerations for specified patient populations. We will explore interventions limiting placement of the G- and J-tubes by focusing on two interventions: ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and intrathecal baclofen (ITB). Then, we will highlight nutritional enhancers that may influence general treatment. Finally, we discuss proper weaning procedures and eJective methods fitting patient needs.
神经系统损伤通常会影响与消化有关的各种身体机能。为了保持健康的生活方式并从损伤中恢复过来，患者必须获得适当的营养。在本综述中，我们将探讨影响神经系统损伤患者康复的肠内插管变量和方法，特别是 G 型和 J 型插管。首先，我们将通过确定在儿童和成人神经系统患者中安置肠管的主要原因来回顾患者人群。然后，我们将讨论针对特定患者群体的一般置管程序和安全注意事项。我们将重点讨论脑室腹腔分流术（VPS）和鞘内巴氯芬（ITB）这两种限制 G 管和 J 管置入的干预措施。然后，我们将重点介绍可能会影响一般治疗的营养强化剂。最后，我们将讨论适当的断奶程序和符合患者需求的有效方法。
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