Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-300998
Natalie Tayim, Pedro Barbosa, Jalesh Panicker
Background: Hypersexuality (HS) accompanying neurological conditions remains poorly characterized despite profound psychosocial impacts. Objective We aimed to systematically review the literature on HS in patients with neurological disorders. Study selection and analysis We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that reported HS in neurological disorders. HS was defined as a condition characterized by excessive and persistent preoccupation with sexual thoughts, urges, and behaviors that cause significant distress or impairment in personal, social, or occupational functioning. Data on demographics, assessment techniques, associated elements, phenotypic manifestations, and management strategies were also extracted. Findings The final analysis included 79 studies on HS, encompassing 32 662 patients across 81 cohorts with neurological disorders. Parkinson's disease was the most frequently studied condition (55.6%), followed by various types of dementia (12.7%). Questionnaires were the most common assessment approach for evaluating HS, although the techniques varied substantially. Alterations in the dopaminergic pathways have emerged as contributing mechanisms based on the effects of medication cessation. However, standardized treatment protocols still need to be improved, with significant heterogeneity in documented approaches. Critical deficiencies include risks of selection bias in participant sampling, uncontrolled residual confounding factors, and lack of blinded evaluations of reported outcomes. Conclusions and clinical implications Despite growth in the last decade, research on HS remains limited across neurological conditions, with lingering quality and methodological standardization deficits. Key priorities include advancing assessment tools, elucidating the underlying neurobiology, and formulating management guidelines.
{"title":"Hypersexuality in neurological disorders: A systematic review.","authors":"Natalie Tayim, Pedro Barbosa, Jalesh Panicker","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-300998","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-300998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypersexuality (HS) accompanying neurological conditions remains poorly characterized despite profound psychosocial impacts. <b>Objective</b> We aimed to systematically review the literature on HS in patients with neurological disorders. <b>Study selection and analysis</b> We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that reported HS in neurological disorders. HS was defined as a condition characterized by excessive and persistent preoccupation with sexual thoughts, urges, and behaviors that cause significant distress or impairment in personal, social, or occupational functioning. Data on demographics, assessment techniques, associated elements, phenotypic manifestations, and management strategies were also extracted. <b>Findings</b> The final analysis included 79 studies on HS, encompassing 32 662 patients across 81 cohorts with neurological disorders. Parkinson's disease was the most frequently studied condition (55.6%), followed by various types of dementia (12.7%). Questionnaires were the most common assessment approach for evaluating HS, although the techniques varied substantially. Alterations in the dopaminergic pathways have emerged as contributing mechanisms based on the effects of medication cessation. However, standardized treatment protocols still need to be improved, with significant heterogeneity in documented approaches. Critical deficiencies include risks of selection bias in participant sampling, uncontrolled residual confounding factors, and lack of blinded evaluations of reported outcomes. <b>Conclusions and clinical implications</b> Despite growth in the last decade, research on HS remains limited across neurological conditions, with lingering quality and methodological standardization deficits. Key priorities include advancing assessment tools, elucidating the underlying neurobiology, and formulating management guidelines.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42017036478.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11116864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301035
Riccardo De Giorgi, Franco De Crescenzo, Edoardo Giuseppe Ostinelli, Philip J Cowen, Catherine J Harmer, Seena Fazel, Andrea Cipriani
Background: New National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance endorses the prescription of statins in larger population groups for the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in people with severe mental illness. However, the evidence base for their safety and risk/benefit balance in depression is not established.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the real-world mortality and adverse events of statins in depressive disorders.
Methods: Population-based, nationwide (England), between-subject, cohort study. We used electronic health records (QResearch database) of people aged 18-100 years with first-episode depression, registered with English primary care practices over January 1998-August 2020 for 12(+) months, divided into statin users versus non-users.Primary safety outcomes included all-cause mortality and any adverse event measured at 2, 6 and 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to control for several potential confounders and calculate adjusted ORs (aORs) with 99% CIs.
Findings: From over 1 050 105 patients with depression (42.64% males, mean age 43.23±18.32 years), 21 384 (2.04%) died, while 707 111 (67.34%) experienced at least one adverse event during the 12-month follow-up. Statin use was associated with lower mortality over 12 months (range aOR2-12months 0.66-0.67, range 99% CI 0.60 to 0.73) and with lower adverse events over 6 months (range aOR2-6months 0.90-0.96, range 99% CI 0.91 to 0.99), but not at 1 year (aOR12months 0.99, 99% CI 0.96 to 1.03). No association with any other individual outcome measure (ie, any other neuropsychiatric symptoms) was identified.
Conclusions: We found no evidence that statin use among people with depression increases mortality or other adverse events.
Clinical implications: Our findings support the safety of updated NICE guidelines for prescribing statins in people with depressive disorders.
{"title":"Mortality and adverse events associated with statin use in primary care patients with depression: a real-world, population-based cohort study.","authors":"Riccardo De Giorgi, Franco De Crescenzo, Edoardo Giuseppe Ostinelli, Philip J Cowen, Catherine J Harmer, Seena Fazel, Andrea Cipriani","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301035","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance endorses the prescription of statins in larger population groups for the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in people with severe mental illness. However, the evidence base for their safety and risk/benefit balance in depression is not established.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess the real-world mortality and adverse events of statins in depressive disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Population-based, nationwide (England), between-subject, cohort study. We used electronic health records (QResearch database) of people aged 18-100 years with first-episode depression, registered with English primary care practices over January 1998-August 2020 for 12(+) months, divided into statin users versus non-users.Primary safety outcomes included all-cause mortality and any adverse event measured at 2, 6 and 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to control for several potential confounders and calculate adjusted ORs (aORs) with 99% CIs.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>From over 1 050 105 patients with depression (42.64% males, mean age 43.23±18.32 years), 21 384 (2.04%) died, while 707 111 (67.34%) experienced at least one adverse event during the 12-month follow-up. Statin use was associated with lower mortality over 12 months (range aOR<sub>2-12months</sub> 0.66-0.67, range 99% CI 0.60 to 0.73) and with lower adverse events over 6 months (range aOR<sub>2-6months</sub> 0.90-0.96, range 99% CI 0.91 to 0.99), but not at 1 year (aOR<sub>12months</sub> 0.99, 99% CI 0.96 to 1.03). No association with any other individual outcome measure (ie, any other neuropsychiatric symptoms) was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no evidence that statin use among people with depression increases mortality or other adverse events.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Our findings support the safety of updated NICE guidelines for prescribing statins in people with depressive disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-300991
James Roe, Josephine Holland, Anne-Marie Burn, Elinor Hopkin, Lorna Wild, Michelle Fisher, Saeed Nazir, Tamsin Ford, Bernadka Dubicka, Anthony James, Helena Tuomainen, Nicole Fung, Kate Horton, Adam P Wagner, Richard Morriss, Kapil Sayal
Background: There are significant clinical, policy and societal concerns about the impact on young people (YP), from admission to psychiatric wards far from home. However, research evidence is scarce.
Aims: To investigate the impact of at-distance admissions to general adolescent units, from the perspectives of YP, parents/carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) including service commissioners, to inform clinical practice, service development and policy.
Method: Semistructured interviews with purposive samples of YP aged 13-17 years (n=28) and parents/carers (n=19) across five large regions in England, and a national sample of HCPs (n=51), were analysed using a framework approach.
Results: There was considerable agreement between YP, parents/carers and HCPs on the challenges of at-distance admissions. YP and parents/carers had limited or no involvement in decision-making processes around admission and highlighted a lack of available information about individual units. Being far from home posed challenges with maintaining home contact and practical/financial challenges for families visiting. HCPs struggled with ensuring continuity of care, particularly around maintaining access to local clinical teams and educational support. However, some YP perceived separation from their local environment as beneficial because it removed them from unhelpful environments. At-distance admissions provided respite for some families struggling to support their child.
Conclusions: At-distance admissions lead to additional distress, uncertainty, compromised continuity of care and educational, financial and other practical difficulties, some of which could be better mitigated. For a minority, there are some benefits from such admissions.
Clinical implications: Standardised online information, accessible prior to admission, is needed for all Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services units. Additional practical and financial burden placed on families needs greater recognition and consideration of potential sources of support. Policy changes should incorporate findings that at-distance or adult ward admissions may be preferable in certain circumstances.
{"title":"Experiences and impact of psychiatric inpatient admissions far away from home: a qualitative study with young people, parents/carers and healthcare professionals.","authors":"James Roe, Josephine Holland, Anne-Marie Burn, Elinor Hopkin, Lorna Wild, Michelle Fisher, Saeed Nazir, Tamsin Ford, Bernadka Dubicka, Anthony James, Helena Tuomainen, Nicole Fung, Kate Horton, Adam P Wagner, Richard Morriss, Kapil Sayal","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-300991","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-300991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are significant clinical, policy and societal concerns about the impact on young people (YP), from admission to psychiatric wards far from home. However, research evidence is scarce.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the impact of at-distance admissions to general adolescent units, from the perspectives of YP, parents/carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) including service commissioners, to inform clinical practice, service development and policy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semistructured interviews with purposive samples of YP aged 13-17 years (n=28) and parents/carers (n=19) across five large regions in England, and a national sample of HCPs (n=51), were analysed using a framework approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was considerable agreement between YP, parents/carers and HCPs on the challenges of at-distance admissions. YP and parents/carers had limited or no involvement in decision-making processes around admission and highlighted a lack of available information about individual units. Being far from home posed challenges with maintaining home contact and practical/financial challenges for families visiting. HCPs struggled with ensuring continuity of care, particularly around maintaining access to local clinical teams and educational support. However, some YP perceived separation from their local environment as beneficial because it removed them from unhelpful environments. At-distance admissions provided respite for some families struggling to support their child.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At-distance admissions lead to additional distress, uncertainty, compromised continuity of care and educational, financial and other practical difficulties, some of which could be better mitigated. For a minority, there are some benefits from such admissions.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Standardised online information, accessible prior to admission, is needed for all Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services units. Additional practical and financial burden placed on families needs greater recognition and consideration of potential sources of support. Policy changes should incorporate findings that at-distance or adult ward admissions may be preferable in certain circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300804
Emma Wallace, Lauren Revie, Dorothee Schneider, David Mais, Emma Sharland
Background: Suicide prevention remains a high priority topic across government and the National Health Service (NHS). Prevention of Future Death (PFD) reports are produced by coroners to highlight concerns that should be addressed by organisations to prevent future deaths in similar circumstances.
Objective: This research aimed to understand themes from concerns raised in PFD reports for deaths from suicide to inform future policies and strategies for preventing suicide.
Methods: We employed a retrospective case series design to analyse PFD reports categorised as suicide using qualitative inductive thematic analysis. Primary themes and subthemes were extracted from coroners' concerns. Following theme extraction, the number of concerns coded to these themes across reports and the frequency of recipient organisation being named as addressee on these reports were assessed as primary outcomes.
Findings: 12 primary themes and 83 subthemes were identified from 164 reports (4% of all available reports). The NHS was the most frequent recipient of these reports, followed by government departments. Coroners raised issues around processes within or between organisations and difficulties accessing services. The most common concerns fell under the primary theme 'processes' (142 mentions), followed by 'access to services' (84 mentions). The most frequent subthemes were 'current training not adequate' (38 mentions) and 'inadequate communication between services' (35 mentions).
Conclusions: Our results specify areas where review, improvement and policy development are required to prevent future suicide deaths occurring in similar circumstances.
Clinical implications: These themes highlight concerns across current care and service provision where reform is required for suicide prevention.
{"title":"Thematic analysis of Prevention of Future Death reports for suicide: January 2021 to October 2022.","authors":"Emma Wallace, Lauren Revie, Dorothee Schneider, David Mais, Emma Sharland","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300804","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide prevention remains a high priority topic across government and the National Health Service (NHS). Prevention of Future Death (PFD) reports are produced by coroners to highlight concerns that should be addressed by organisations to prevent future deaths in similar circumstances.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to understand themes from concerns raised in PFD reports for deaths from suicide to inform future policies and strategies for preventing suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a retrospective case series design to analyse PFD reports categorised as suicide using qualitative inductive thematic analysis. Primary themes and subthemes were extracted from coroners' concerns. Following theme extraction, the number of concerns coded to these themes across reports and the frequency of recipient organisation being named as addressee on these reports were assessed as primary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>12 primary themes and 83 subthemes were identified from 164 reports (4% of all available reports). The NHS was the most frequent recipient of these reports, followed by government departments. Coroners raised issues around processes within or between organisations and difficulties accessing services. The most common concerns fell under the primary theme 'processes' (142 mentions), followed by 'access to services' (84 mentions). The most frequent subthemes were 'current training not adequate' (38 mentions) and 'inadequate communication between services' (35 mentions).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results specify areas where review, improvement and policy development are required to prevent future suicide deaths occurring in similar circumstances.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>These themes highlight concerns across current care and service provision where reform is required for suicide prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301016
Hanna Brückner, Sebastian Wallot, Hanne Horvath, David Daniel Ebert, Dirk Lehr
Background: Blurred work-non-work boundaries can have negative effects on mental health, including sleep.
Objectives: In a randomised control trial, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of an online recovery training programme designed to improve symptoms of insomnia in a working population exposed to blurred boundaries.
Methods: 128 participants with severe insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index ≥15) and working under blurred work and non-work conditions (segmentation supplies <2.25) were randomly assigned to either the recovery intervention or a waitlist control group (WLC). The primary outcome was insomnia severity, assessed at baseline, after 2 months (T2) and 6 months (T3).
Findings: A greater reduction in insomnia was observed in the intervention compared with the WLC group at both T2 (d=1.51; 95% CI=1.12 o 1.91) and T3 (d=1.63; 95% CI=1.23 to 2.03]. This was shown by Bayesian analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), whereby the ANCOVA model yielded the highest Bayes factor (BF10=3.23×e60] and a 99.99% probability. Likewise, frequentist analysis revealed significantly reduced insomnia at both T2 and T3. Beneficial effects were found for secondary outcomes including depression, work-related rumination, and mental detachment from work. Study attrition was 16% at T2 and 44% at T3.
Conclusions: The recovery training was effective in reducing insomnia symptoms, work related and general indicators of mental health in employees exposed to blurred boundaries, both at T2 and T3.
Clinical implications: In addition to demonstrating the intervention's effectiveness, this study exemplifies the utilisation of the Bayesian approach in a clinical context and shows its potential to empower recipients of interventional research by offering insights into result probabilities, enabling them to draw informed conclusions.
Trial registration number: German Clinical Trial Registration (DRKS): DRKS00006223, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00006223.
背景:工作与非工作界限模糊会对心理健康(包括睡眠)产生负面影响:方法:128 名有严重失眠症状(失眠严重程度指数≥15)并在模糊的工作和非工作条件下工作的参与者(细分供应品):在 T2(d=1.51;95% CI=1.12 o 1.91)和 T3(d=1.63;95% CI=1.23 to 2.03]阶段,观察到干预组与 WLC 组相比,失眠症状减轻幅度更大。贝叶斯协方差分析(ANCOVA)显示了这一点,其中 ANCOVA 模型产生了最高的贝叶斯因子(BF 10=3.23×e60],概率为 99.99%。同样,频数分析显示,在 T2 和 T3 阶段,失眠症明显减少。抑郁、与工作相关的遐想和对工作的精神疏离等次要结果也发现了有益的影响。研究流失率在 T2 和 T3 分别为 16% 和 44%:恢复训练在第二阶段和第三阶段都能有效减少失眠症状、与工作相关的心理健康指标和员工的一般心理健康指标:除了证明干预的有效性外,这项研究还体现了贝叶斯方法在临床环境中的应用,并显示了贝叶斯方法通过提供对结果概率的洞察力,使干预研究的接受者能够得出明智结论的潜力:德国临床试验注册(DRKS):DRKS00006223, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00006223.
{"title":"Effectiveness of an online recovery training for employees exposed to blurred boundaries between work and non-work: Bayesian analysis of a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Hanna Brückner, Sebastian Wallot, Hanne Horvath, David Daniel Ebert, Dirk Lehr","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301016","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blurred work-non-work boundaries can have negative effects on mental health, including sleep.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In a randomised control trial, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of an online recovery training programme designed to improve symptoms of insomnia in a working population exposed to blurred boundaries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>128 participants with severe insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index ≥15) and working under blurred work and non-work conditions (segmentation supplies <2.25) were randomly assigned to either the recovery intervention or a waitlist control group (WLC). The primary outcome was insomnia severity, assessed at baseline, after 2 months (T2) and 6 months (T3).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A greater reduction in insomnia was observed in the intervention compared with the WLC group at both T2 (<i>d</i>=1.51; 95% CI=1.12 o 1.91) and T3 (<i>d</i>=1.63; 95% CI=1.23 to 2.03]. This was shown by Bayesian analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), whereby the ANCOVA model yielded the highest Bayes factor (<i>BF</i> <sub>10</sub>=3.23×e<sup>60</sup>] and a 99.99% probability. Likewise, frequentist analysis revealed significantly reduced insomnia at both T2 and T3. Beneficial effects were found for secondary outcomes including depression, work-related rumination, and mental detachment from work. Study attrition was 16% at T2 and 44% at T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The recovery training was effective in reducing insomnia symptoms, work related and general indicators of mental health in employees exposed to blurred boundaries, both at T2 and T3.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>In addition to demonstrating the intervention's effectiveness, this study exemplifies the utilisation of the Bayesian approach in a clinical context and shows its potential to empower recipients of interventional research by offering insights into result probabilities, enabling them to draw informed conclusions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>German Clinical Trial Registration (DRKS): DRKS00006223, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00006223.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11033646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300957
Irene Faiman, John Hodsoll, Iman Jasani, Allan H Young, Paul Shotbolt
Background: People with functional/dissociative seizures (FDS) are at elevated suicidality risk.
Objective: To identify risk factors for suicidality in FDS or epilepsy.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study from the UK's largest tertiary mental healthcare provider, with linked national admission data from the Hospital Episode Statistics. Participants were 2383 people with a primary or secondary diagnosis of FDS or epilepsy attending between 01 January 2007 and 18 June 2021. Outcomes were a first report of suicidal ideation and a first hospital admission for suicide attempt (International Classification of Diseases, version 10: X60-X84). Demographic and clinical risk factors were assessed using multivariable bias-reduced binomial-response generalised linear models.
Findings: In both groups, ethnic minorities had significantly reduced odds of hospitalisation following suicide attempt (OR: 0.45-0.49). Disorder-specific risk factors were gender, age and comorbidity profile. In FDS, both genders had similar suicidality risk; younger age was a risk factor for both outcomes (OR: 0.16-1.91). A diagnosis of depression or personality disorders was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation (OR: 1.91-3.01). In epilepsy, females had higher odds of suicide attempt-related hospitalisation (OR: 1.64). Age had a quadratic association with both outcomes (OR: 0.88-1.06). A substance abuse disorder was associated with higher suicidal ideation (OR: 2.67). Developmental disorders lowered the risk (OR: 0.16-0.24).
Conclusions: This is the first study systematically reporting risk factors for suicidality in people with FDS. Results for the large epilepsy cohort complement previous studies and will be useful in future meta-analyses.
Clinical implications: Risk factors identified will help identify higher-risk groups in clinical settings.
{"title":"Sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in functional/dissociative seizures and epilepsy: a large cohort study.","authors":"Irene Faiman, John Hodsoll, Iman Jasani, Allan H Young, Paul Shotbolt","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300957","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with functional/dissociative seizures (FDS) are at elevated suicidality risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify risk factors for suicidality in FDS or epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study from the UK's largest tertiary mental healthcare provider, with linked national admission data from the Hospital Episode Statistics. Participants were 2383 people with a primary or secondary diagnosis of FDS or epilepsy attending between 01 January 2007 and 18 June 2021. Outcomes were a first report of suicidal ideation and a first hospital admission for suicide attempt (International Classification of Diseases, version 10: X60-X84). Demographic and clinical risk factors were assessed using multivariable bias-reduced binomial-response generalised linear models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In both groups, ethnic minorities had significantly reduced odds of hospitalisation following suicide attempt (OR: 0.45-0.49). Disorder-specific risk factors were gender, age and comorbidity profile. In FDS, both genders had similar suicidality risk; younger age was a risk factor for both outcomes (OR: 0.16-1.91). A diagnosis of depression or personality disorders was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation (OR: 1.91-3.01). In epilepsy, females had higher odds of suicide attempt-related hospitalisation (OR: 1.64). Age had a quadratic association with both outcomes (OR: 0.88-1.06). A substance abuse disorder was associated with higher suicidal ideation (OR: 2.67). Developmental disorders lowered the risk (OR: 0.16-0.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study systematically reporting risk factors for suicidality in people with FDS. Results for the large epilepsy cohort complement previous studies and will be useful in future meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Risk factors identified will help identify higher-risk groups in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11033658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300876
Jacques Hamard, Vanessa Rousseau, Geneviève Durrieu, Philippe Garcia, Antoine Yrondi, Agnès Sommet, Alexis Revet, François Montastruc
Background: Use of psychostimulants and relative drugs has increased worldwide in treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and adults. Recent studies suggest a potential association between use of psychostimulants and psychotic symptoms. The risk may not be the same between different psychostimulants.
Objective: To assess whether amphetamine or atomoxetine use is associated with a higher risk of reporting symptoms of psychosis than methylphenidate use in adolescents and adults, particularly in patients with ADHD.
Methods: Using VigiBase, the WHO's pharmacovigilance database, disproportionality of psychotic symptoms reporting was assessed among adverse drug reactions related to methylphenidate, atomoxetine and amphetamines, from January 2004 to December 2018, in patients aged 13-25 years. The association between psychotic symptoms and psychostimulants was estimated through the calculation of reporting OR (ROR).
Findings: Among 13 863 reports with at least one drug of interest, we found 221 cases of psychosis with methylphenidate use, 115 with atomoxetine use and 169 with a prescription of an amphetamine drug. Compared with methylphenidate use, amphetamine use was associated with an increased risk of reporting psychotic symptoms (ROR 1.61 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.06)]. When we restricted the analysis to ADHD indication, we found a close estimate (ROR 1.94 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.64)). No association was found for atomoxetine.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that amphetamine use is associated with a higher reporting of psychotic symptoms, compared with methylphenidate use.
Clinical implications: The prescription of psychostimulants should consider this potential adverse effect when assessing the benefit-risk balance.
背景:在治疗青少年和成年人的注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)时,精神兴奋剂和相关药物的使用在全球范围内有所增加。最近的研究表明,使用精神兴奋剂与精神病症状之间可能存在关联。不同的精神兴奋剂可能存在不同的风险:评估在青少年和成年人中,尤其是在多动症患者中,使用苯丙胺或阿托西汀是否比使用哌醋甲酯有更高的精神病症状报告风险:使用世界卫生组织药物警戒数据库VigiBase,评估了2004年1月至2018年12月期间13-25岁患者中与哌醋甲酯、阿托西汀和苯丙胺相关的药物不良反应中精神病症状报告的不相称性。通过计算报告OR(ROR)估算了精神病症状与精神刺激剂之间的关联:在13 863份至少含有一种相关药物的报告中,我们发现221例精神病患者使用了哌醋甲酯,115例使用了阿托西汀,169例开具了苯丙胺类药物处方。与使用哌醋甲酯相比,使用苯丙胺会增加报告精神病症状的风险(ROR 1.61 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.06)]。当我们将分析范围限制在多动症(ADHD)适应症时,我们发现了一个接近的估计值(ROR 1.94 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.64))。阿托西汀与此没有关联:结论:我们的研究表明,与使用哌醋甲酯相比,使用苯丙胺与较高的精神病症状报告相关:临床意义:在评估效益与风险的平衡时,精神兴奋剂处方应考虑到这一潜在的不良影响。
{"title":"Psychosis with use of amphetamine drugs, methylphenidate and atomoxetine in adolescent and adults.","authors":"Jacques Hamard, Vanessa Rousseau, Geneviève Durrieu, Philippe Garcia, Antoine Yrondi, Agnès Sommet, Alexis Revet, François Montastruc","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300876","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Use of psychostimulants and relative drugs has increased worldwide in treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and adults. Recent studies suggest a potential association between use of psychostimulants and psychotic symptoms. The risk may not be the same between different psychostimulants.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether amphetamine or atomoxetine use is associated with a higher risk of reporting symptoms of psychosis than methylphenidate use in adolescents and adults, particularly in patients with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using VigiBase, the WHO's pharmacovigilance database, disproportionality of psychotic symptoms reporting was assessed among adverse drug reactions related to methylphenidate, atomoxetine and amphetamines, from January 2004 to December 2018, in patients aged 13-25 years. The association between psychotic symptoms and psychostimulants was estimated through the calculation of reporting OR (ROR).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among 13 863 reports with at least one drug of interest, we found 221 cases of psychosis with methylphenidate use, 115 with atomoxetine use and 169 with a prescription of an amphetamine drug. Compared with methylphenidate use, amphetamine use was associated with an increased risk of reporting psychotic symptoms (ROR 1.61 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.06)]. When we restricted the analysis to ADHD indication, we found a close estimate (ROR 1.94 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.64)). No association was found for atomoxetine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that amphetamine use is associated with a higher reporting of psychotic symptoms, compared with methylphenidate use.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>The prescription of psychostimulants should consider this potential adverse effect when assessing the benefit-risk balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although lifestyle-based treatment approaches are recommended as important aspects of depression care, the quantitative influence of aggregated healthy lifestyles on depression recurrence and mortality remains unknown.
Objective: To investigate the association between healthy lifestyle and the risks of first-time hospitalisation for recurrent depression and mortality.
Methods: 26 164 adults with depression (mean (SD) age, 56.0 (7.9) years) were included from UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 and followed up until 2022. Depression was defined as a physician's diagnosis in hospital admissions or the use of prescribed antidepressant medication. A weighted healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was calculated based on smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, sleep pattern, physical activity, social health, employment status and greenspace interaction.
Findings: Over a 13.3-year follow-up, 9740 cases of first-time hospitalisation due to depression recurrence and 1527 deaths were documented. Compared with the lowest HLS tertile, the highest tertile was associated with a 27% lower risk (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.77) of first-time hospitalisation for depression recurrence and a 22% (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.91) lower risk of mortality among adults with depression. Lower risks of first-time hospitalisation for depression recurrence were observed among those who smoked less, drank more alcohol, followed healthier diets and sleep patterns, spent more time employed in current job or had greater exposure to greenspace.
Conclusion and implications: Greater adherence to healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of hospitalisation and mortality among adults with pre-existing depression. Incorporating behaviour modification as an essential part of clinical practice for depressed patients could complement medication-based therapies.
背景:尽管以生活方式为基础的治疗方法被推荐为抑郁症治疗的重要方面,但综合健康生活方式对抑郁症复发和死亡率的定量影响仍然未知:调查健康生活方式与抑郁症复发首次住院风险和死亡率之间的关系。方法:2006 年至 2010 年间,从英国生物库中纳入 26 164 名抑郁症成人(平均(标清)年龄为 56.0 (7.9) 岁),并随访至 2022 年。抑郁症的定义是入院时经医生诊断或使用处方抗抑郁药物。根据吸烟、饮酒、饮食、睡眠模式、体育锻炼、社会健康、就业状况和绿地互动情况计算加权健康生活方式得分(HLS):在13.3年的随访中,共有9740例因抑郁症复发而首次住院治疗,1527例死亡。与HLS最低三分位数相比,最高三分位数的成人抑郁症患者因抑郁症复发而首次住院的风险降低了27%(HR=0.73,95% CI 0.69-0.77),死亡风险降低了22%(HR=0.78,95% CI 0.68-0.91)。据观察,吸烟少、饮酒多、饮食和睡眠模式更健康、从事当前工作时间更长或接触绿地更多的人首次因抑郁症复发住院的风险更低:对健康生活方式的更多坚持与患有抑郁症的成年人住院和死亡风险较低有关。将行为矫正作为抑郁症患者临床实践的一个重要部分,可作为药物疗法的补充。
{"title":"Healthy lifestyle and the risk of depression recurrence requiring hospitalisation and mortality among adults with pre-existing depression: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhi Cao, Jiahao Min, Yu-Tao Xiang, Xiaohe Wang, Chenjie Xu","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300915","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although lifestyle-based treatment approaches are recommended as important aspects of depression care, the quantitative influence of aggregated healthy lifestyles on depression recurrence and mortality remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between healthy lifestyle and the risks of first-time hospitalisation for recurrent depression and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>26 164 adults with depression (mean (SD) age, 56.0 (7.9) years) were included from UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 and followed up until 2022. Depression was defined as a physician's diagnosis in hospital admissions or the use of prescribed antidepressant medication. A weighted healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was calculated based on smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, sleep pattern, physical activity, social health, employment status and greenspace interaction.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Over a 13.3-year follow-up, 9740 cases of first-time hospitalisation due to depression recurrence and 1527 deaths were documented. Compared with the lowest HLS tertile, the highest tertile was associated with a 27% lower risk (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.77) of first-time hospitalisation for depression recurrence and a 22% (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.91) lower risk of mortality among adults with depression. Lower risks of first-time hospitalisation for depression recurrence were observed among those who smoked less, drank more alcohol, followed healthier diets and sleep patterns, spent more time employed in current job or had greater exposure to greenspace.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and implications: </strong>Greater adherence to healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of hospitalisation and mortality among adults with pre-existing depression. Incorporating behaviour modification as an essential part of clinical practice for depressed patients could complement medication-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301021
Dennis Wienand, Lena I Wijnen, Daniel Heilig, Christoph Wippel, Celso Arango, Gitte M Knudsen, Guy M Goodwin, Judit Simon
Background: Mental health disorders (MHDs) are associated with physical health disparities, but underlying excess risk and health burden have not yet been comprehensively assessed.
Objective: To assess the burden of comorbid physical health conditions (PHCs) across serious MHDs in Europe.
Methods: We estimated the relative prevalence risk of PHCs associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD), bipolar disorder (BD), depressive disorders (DD) and schizophrenia (SZ) across working-age populations of 32 European countries in 2019 based on a targeted literature review. Excess physical health burden was modelled using population-attributable fractions and country-level prevalence data.
Findings: We screened 10 960 studies, of which 41 were deemed eligible, with a total sample size of over 18 million persons. Relative prevalence of PHCs was reported in 54%, 20%, 15%, 5% and 7% of studies, respectively, for SZ, DD, BD, AUD or mixed. Significant relative risk estimates ranged from 1.44 to 3.66 for BD, from 1.43 to 2.21 for DD, from 0.81 to 1.97 for SZ and 3.31 for AUD. Excess physical health burden ranged between 27% and 67% of the total, corresponding to 84 million (AUD), 67 million (BD), 66 million (DD) and 5 million (SZ) PHC diagnoses in Europe. A 1% reduction in excess risk assuming causal inference could result in two million fewer PHCs across investigated MHDs.
Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive study of the physical health burden of serious MHDs in Europe. The methods allow for updates, refinement and extension to other MHDs or geographical areas.
Clinical implications: The results indicate potential population health benefits achievable through more integrated mental and physical healthcare and prevention approaches.
{"title":"Comorbid physical health burden of serious mental health disorders in 32 European countries.","authors":"Dennis Wienand, Lena I Wijnen, Daniel Heilig, Christoph Wippel, Celso Arango, Gitte M Knudsen, Guy M Goodwin, Judit Simon","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301021","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health disorders (MHDs) are associated with physical health disparities, but underlying excess risk and health burden have not yet been comprehensively assessed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the burden of comorbid physical health conditions (PHCs) across serious MHDs in Europe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated the relative prevalence risk of PHCs associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD), bipolar disorder (BD), depressive disorders (DD) and schizophrenia (SZ) across working-age populations of 32 European countries in 2019 based on a targeted literature review. Excess physical health burden was modelled using population-attributable fractions and country-level prevalence data.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We screened 10 960 studies, of which 41 were deemed eligible, with a total sample size of over 18 million persons. Relative prevalence of PHCs was reported in 54%, 20%, 15%, 5% and 7% of studies, respectively, for SZ, DD, BD, AUD or mixed. Significant relative risk estimates ranged from 1.44 to 3.66 for BD, from 1.43 to 2.21 for DD, from 0.81 to 1.97 for SZ and 3.31 for AUD. Excess physical health burden ranged between 27% and 67% of the total, corresponding to 84 million (AUD), 67 million (BD), 66 million (DD) and 5 million (SZ) PHC diagnoses in Europe. A 1% reduction in excess risk assuming causal inference could result in two million fewer PHCs across investigated MHDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first comprehensive study of the physical health burden of serious MHDs in Europe. The methods allow for updates, refinement and extension to other MHDs or geographical areas.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>The results indicate potential population health benefits achievable through more integrated mental and physical healthcare and prevention approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11021748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300944
Kathryn J Lester, Daniel Michelson
School absences have risen following the COVID-19 pandemic and persistent absenteeism remains high in primary and secondary schools in England compared with pre-pandemic levels. This coincides with an upward trend in emotionally based school avoidance (EBSA). EBSA adversely affects children's educational attainment, health, social functioning and life prospects and warrants early intervention before a pattern of absenteeism becomes entrenched. In this article, we consider how the COVID-19 pandemic and its sequelae have created a 'perfect storm' of conditions, amplifying known school, family and child-based risk factors for EBSA while simultaneously reducing access to support services. We then outline priorities for developing new EBSA interventions and argue for a multi-component approach, which works across education, health and social care, and voluntary sectors to address the complex interplay between risk factors. Given the difficulties that families often face in obtaining timely support for EBSA, it is also essential that new interventions are accessible, resource-efficient and scalable. To this end, we specifically discuss the potential for contextually-sensitive, parent-focused interventions that can be delivered online with minimal synchronous support from a trained coach or facilitator.
{"title":"Perfect storm: emotionally based school avoidance in the post-COVID-19 pandemic context.","authors":"Kathryn J Lester, Daniel Michelson","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300944","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2023-300944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School absences have risen following the COVID-19 pandemic and persistent absenteeism remains high in primary and secondary schools in England compared with pre-pandemic levels. This coincides with an upward trend in emotionally based school avoidance (EBSA). EBSA adversely affects children's educational attainment, health, social functioning and life prospects and warrants early intervention before a pattern of absenteeism becomes entrenched. In this article, we consider how the COVID-19 pandemic and its sequelae have created a 'perfect storm' of conditions, amplifying known school, family and child-based risk factors for EBSA while simultaneously reducing access to support services. We then outline priorities for developing new EBSA interventions and argue for a multi-component approach, which works across education, health and social care, and voluntary sectors to address the complex interplay between risk factors. Given the difficulties that families often face in obtaining timely support for EBSA, it is also essential that new interventions are accessible, resource-efficient and scalable. To this end, we specifically discuss the potential for contextually-sensitive, parent-focused interventions that can be delivered online with minimal synchronous support from a trained coach or facilitator.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11021743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}