Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100175
Helena Alves de Andrade Ribeiro , Lucas Grobério Moulim de Moraes , David Jamil Hadad , Vitor Fiorin de Vasconcellos , Giselle Alves de Oliveira
Objectives
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has a broad clinical spectrum, especially when it affects the head and neck. Given the possible presentations, there is perineural dissemination, with an unfavorable prognosis and involvement of less differentiated tumor cells. A possible outcome is cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS), which encompasses the cavernous sinus, an anatomical structure that includes the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves and the V1 and V2 branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Methods
We present a 62-year-old white man who manifested unilateral progressive ptosis, binocular diplopia and supraorbital pain in the right eye.
Results
The relevant history of skin neoplasms on the head raised the diagnostic hypothesis. Neuroimaging evaluation demonstrated nerve infiltration of the trigeminal nerve with tumor expansion at the level of the ipsilateral cavernous sinus.
Discussion
The concomitance between cSCC and CSS correlates with the participation of the neural growth factor and the overexpression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), with dermatological and neurological manifestations. In this context, the standard treatment used is cemiplimab, an immunotherapy used in unresectable and metastatic tumors and recently emerging as neoadjuvant therapy in surgical cases. The present report illustrates the association of such entities with the use of the described monoclonal antibody.
{"title":"Cavernous sinus syndrome secondary to trigeminal nerve invasion by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and brief review","authors":"Helena Alves de Andrade Ribeiro , Lucas Grobério Moulim de Moraes , David Jamil Hadad , Vitor Fiorin de Vasconcellos , Giselle Alves de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has a broad clinical spectrum, especially when it affects the head and neck. Given the possible presentations, there is perineural dissemination, with an unfavorable prognosis and involvement of less differentiated tumor cells. A possible outcome is cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS), which encompasses the cavernous sinus, an anatomical structure that includes the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves and the V1 and V2 branches of the trigeminal nerve.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We present a 62-year-old white man who manifested unilateral progressive ptosis, binocular diplopia and supraorbital pain in the right eye.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The relevant history of skin neoplasms on the head raised the diagnostic hypothesis. Neuroimaging evaluation demonstrated nerve infiltration of the trigeminal nerve with tumor expansion at the level of the ipsilateral cavernous sinus.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The concomitance between cSCC and CSS correlates with the participation of the neural growth factor and the overexpression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), with dermatological and neurological manifestations. In this context, the standard treatment used is cemiplimab, an immunotherapy used in unresectable and metastatic tumors and recently emerging as neoadjuvant therapy in surgical cases. The present report illustrates the association of such entities with the use of the described monoclonal antibody.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balance in sitting plays an important role among children with cerebral palsy. The modified functional reach test(mFRT) is reliable tool to evaluate both static and dynamic sitting balance among children but the reliability of mFRT has not been proven among cerebral palsy children.
Objective
To find the reliability of mFRT(forward reach, left lateral and right lateral reach), cerebral palsy children.
Methods and Material
An observational cross-sectional study on 90 children with cerebral palsy aged 6-to-18 years was randomly selected. The children reached forward and at both the lateral directions. Three successive trials of forward reach and lateral reaches with the child sitting with feet shoulder width apart were performed and the mean of 3 trials was calculated. Reliability of mFRT test in all the directions (forward, left and right lateral) was found out.
Results
Reliability of mFRT test was found out in all the directions. The values of reach in age groups were compared. The genders were compared with the mFRT. GMFCS levels were compared with mFRT. BMI was correlated with mFRT.
Discussion
This study found excellent intra rater reliability(test-retest reliability) of mFRT in children with cerebral palsy aged 6–18years, in all directions; forward reach test r = 0.996, left lateral reach test r = 0.974, right lateral reach test r = 0.988. This test can be used to evaluate the dynamic sitting balance of children with cerebral palsy of age 6–18 years in both genders.
Conclusions
The mFRT has excellent intra rater-reliability among cerebral palsy children of 6–18 years.
背景坐姿平衡在脑瘫儿童中起着重要作用。改良功能性伸手试验（mFRT）是评估儿童静态和动态坐姿平衡的可靠工具，但其在脑瘫儿童中的可靠性尚未得到证实。方法和材料随机选取90名6至18岁的脑瘫儿童进行横断面观察研究。儿童向前和向两侧伸手。在儿童坐着双脚分开与肩同宽的情况下，连续进行三次向前伸手和向两侧伸手的试验，并计算三次试验的平均值。结果mFRT测试在所有方向（前伸、左侧伸和右侧伸）的可靠性都得到了验证。比较了各年龄组的伸展值。性别与 mFRT 进行了比较。将 GMFCS 水平与 mFRT 进行了比较。讨论 本研究发现，在 6-18 岁的脑瘫儿童中，mFRT 在所有方向上都具有极佳的评分者内部信度（测试-重复测试信度）；前伸测试 r = 0.996，左侧伸测试 r = 0.974，右侧伸测试 r = 0.988。结论mFRT在6-18岁脑瘫儿童中具有良好的评分者内部可靠性。
{"title":"Reliability of modified functional reach test in children with cerebral palsy aged 6–18 years: An observational cross-sectional study","authors":"Abhijeet Arun Deshmukh, Mayuri Anil Tijare, Maneesha Shrikrishna Deshpande","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Balance in sitting plays an important role among children with cerebral palsy. The modified functional reach test(mFRT) is reliable tool to evaluate both static and dynamic sitting balance among children but the reliability of mFRT has not been proven among cerebral palsy children.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To find the reliability of mFRT(forward reach, left lateral and right lateral reach), cerebral palsy children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Material</h3><div>An observational cross-sectional study on 90 children with cerebral palsy aged 6-to-18 years was randomly selected. The children reached forward and at both the lateral directions. Three successive trials of forward reach and lateral reaches with the child sitting with feet shoulder width apart were performed and the mean of 3 trials was calculated. Reliability of mFRT test in all the directions (forward, left and right lateral) was found out.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reliability of mFRT test was found out in all the directions. The values of reach in age groups were compared. The genders were compared with the mFRT. GMFCS levels were compared with mFRT. BMI was correlated with mFRT.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study found excellent intra rater reliability(test-retest reliability) of mFRT in children with cerebral palsy aged 6–18years, in all directions; forward reach test <em>r</em> = 0.996, left lateral reach test <em>r</em> = 0.974, right lateral reach test <em>r</em> = 0.988. This test can be used to evaluate the dynamic sitting balance of children with cerebral palsy of age 6–18 years in both genders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The mFRT has excellent intra rater-reliability among cerebral palsy children of 6–18 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traumatic Brain Inury (TBI) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid showed a large number of neuroprotective effects such as anti-alziermer, anti-ischemic etc.
Objectives
In the present investigation an effort has been made to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of OA and molecular mechanism is involved in TBI.
Methods
Weight drop model has been utilized to induce moderate TBI and assess the neuroprotective effect of OA at the doses 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) in mice. After 30 min of injury, OA was administered. The neuroprotective effect of OA was observed after 24 h and 21 days of drug administration. Neurological behaviour (neurological score, open field test, beam walk and morris water maze test) were assessed before sacrifice the animal at different time interval. Oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, GSH, SOD and Nitrite), neuro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-ĸB, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated.
Results
OA at both the doses significantly improved the neurological behaviours as compared to vehicle treated group. OA also showed significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect via regulated the oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, and GSH) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-ĸB and IL-1β) on 24 h and 21st day of injury. OA significantly reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction by regulated various complex enzyme activity.
Conclusion
OA can be potentially considered as a neuroprotective compound for therapeutic management of TBI.
{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of oleanolic acid against secondary cascades of traumatic brain injury in mice","authors":"Hemlata , Sunil Sharma , Neeru Vasudeva , Tanuj Hooda","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Traumatic Brain Inury (TBI) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid showed a large number of neuroprotective effects such as anti-alziermer, anti-ischemic etc.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In the present investigation an effort has been made to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of OA and molecular mechanism is involved in TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Weight drop model has been utilized to induce moderate TBI and assess the neuroprotective effect of OA at the doses 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) in mice. After 30 min of injury, OA was administered. The neuroprotective effect of OA was observed after 24 h and 21 days of drug administration. Neurological behaviour (neurological score, open field test, beam walk and morris water maze test) were assessed before sacrifice the animal at different time interval. Oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, GSH, SOD and Nitrite), neuro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-ĸB, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OA at both the doses significantly improved the neurological behaviours as compared to vehicle treated group. OA also showed significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect via regulated the oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, and GSH) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-ĸB and IL-1β) on 24 h and 21st day of injury. OA significantly reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction by regulated various complex enzyme activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>OA can be potentially considered as a neuroprotective compound for therapeutic management of TBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100170
Jorge Sinche-Flores
The relationship between migraine and epilepsy has been recognized since the 20th century. Currently, both pathologies share several characteristics, from molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms to their similarity in clinical symptoms and response to treatment. This is a case report of an 11-year-old male patient who presented with focal epilepsy at the age of 8 years. One year later, he developed episodes of migraine without aura followed by seizures with a frequency of 1–2 times per month, with headache duration ranging from 10 min to 6 h. At age 11, he also presented other episodes in which the headache occurred after the epileptic event and other episodes in which the headache was present both before and after the epileptic seizure. An interictal EEG study and an EEG study during a migraine attack showed the presence of high-voltage theta activity and bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital spikes with a greater expression in the right cerebral hemisphere. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an atypical presentation of migraine without aura and epileptic seizure. This case opens new challenges in the search for understanding between both pathologies.
{"title":"Migraine and epilepsy frontiers, new challenges in its understanding: A case report","authors":"Jorge Sinche-Flores","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between migraine and epilepsy has been recognized since the 20th century. Currently, both pathologies share several characteristics, from molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms to their similarity in clinical symptoms and response to treatment. This is a case report of an 11-year-old male patient who presented with focal epilepsy at the age of 8 years. One year later, he developed episodes of migraine without aura followed by seizures with a frequency of 1–2 times per month, with headache duration ranging from 10 min to 6 h. At age 11, he also presented other episodes in which the headache occurred after the epileptic event and other episodes in which the headache was present both before and after the epileptic seizure. An interictal EEG study and an EEG study during a migraine attack showed the presence of high-voltage theta activity and bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital spikes with a greater expression in the right cerebral hemisphere. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an atypical presentation of migraine without aura and epileptic seizure. This case opens new challenges in the search for understanding between both pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100168
Ramin Rasi, Albert Guvenis, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Objective
This study introduces a PET-based platform for brain radiomics analysis. We automatically identify key brain regions and features associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), enabling more accurate diagnosis and staging compared to using predefined regions.
Methods
To create an integrated platform that covers all the phases of radiomics, we obtained FDG-PET images of 549 individuals from the ADNI database. We used FastSurfer to segment the brain into 95 regions. We then obtained 120 features for each of the 95 ROIs. We employed eight feature selection methods to select and analyze the features. We finally utilized nine different classifiers on the 20 most significant features extracted.
Results
For all three predictions AD vs. cognitively normal (CN), AD vs. mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and CN vs. MCI the Random Forest (RF) classifier with LASSO demonstrated the highest accuracy with an AUC of 0.976 for AD vs CN, AUC=0.917 for AD vs MCI, and AUC=0.877 for MCI vs CN. This is the highest performance that we encountered compared to the studies in the literature. Three subregions hippocampus, entorhinal, and amygdala could then be identified as critical.
Conclusion
A brain radiomics platform can enable an efficient, standardized, and optimally accurate AD and MCI diagnosis from FDG PET images by using an automated pipeline. The three regions identified as having the highest discriminating power confirm the findings of previous clinical research results on AD. While the focus was AD in this study, the platform can potentially be used to address other brain conditions.
目的本研究介绍了一种基于 PET 的脑放射组学分析平台。我们自动识别与阿尔茨海默病（AD）相关的关键脑区和特征，使诊断和分期比使用预定义区域更准确。方法为了创建一个涵盖放射组学所有阶段的集成平台，我们从 ADNI 数据库中获取了 549 人的 FDG-PET 图像。我们使用 FastSurfer 将大脑分割为 95 个区域。然后，我们为这 95 个 ROI 获取了 120 个特征。我们采用了八种特征选择方法来选择和分析特征。结果在所有三种预测中，AD vs. 认知正常（CN）、AD vs. 轻度认知障碍（MCI）和 CN vs. MCI，带有 LASSO 的随机森林（RF）分类器的准确率最高，AD vs. CN 的 AUC 为 0.976，AD vs. MCI 的 AUC 为 0.917，MCI vs. CN 的 AUC 为 0.877。与文献研究相比，这是我们遇到的最高性能。结论脑放射组学平台可通过使用自动化流水线，从 FDG PET 图像中高效、标准化、最准确地诊断出 AD 和 MCI。被确定为具有最高鉴别力的三个区域证实了之前有关注意力缺失症的临床研究结果。虽然本研究的重点是注意力缺失症，但该平台也有可能用于其他脑部疾病的诊断。
{"title":"Platform for the radiomics analysis of brain regions: The case of Alzheimer's disease and metabolic imaging","authors":"Ramin Rasi, Albert Guvenis, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study introduces a PET-based platform for brain radiomics analysis. We automatically identify key brain regions and features associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), enabling more accurate diagnosis and staging compared to using predefined regions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To create an integrated platform that covers all the phases of radiomics, we obtained FDG-PET images of 549 individuals from the ADNI database. We used FastSurfer to segment the brain into 95 regions. We then obtained 120 features for each of the 95 ROIs. We employed eight feature selection methods to select and analyze the features. We finally utilized nine different classifiers on the 20 most significant features extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For all three predictions AD vs. cognitively normal (CN), AD vs. mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and CN vs. MCI the Random Forest (RF) classifier with LASSO demonstrated the highest accuracy with an AUC of 0.976 for AD vs CN, AUC=0.917 for AD vs MCI, and AUC=0.877 for MCI vs CN. This is the highest performance that we encountered compared to the studies in the literature. Three subregions hippocampus, entorhinal, and amygdala could then be identified as critical.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A brain radiomics platform can enable an efficient, standardized, and optimally accurate AD and MCI diagnosis from FDG PET images by using an automated pipeline. The three regions identified as having the highest discriminating power confirm the findings of previous clinical research results on AD. While the focus was AD in this study, the platform can potentially be used to address other brain conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100169
Abhimanyu Thakur
The recent global outbreak of mpox virus (MPXV) infections has reignited interest in this zoonotic disease, mpox. As of August 2024, mpox continues to pose significant global health challenges, with ongoing transmission in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. This article examines the neurological implications of MPXV infection, synthesizing current research to provide biomedical insights into the virus's potential impact on the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinvasive potential of MPXV and the rare but serious complication of encephalomyelitis have been discussed. The article explores advances in mpox research, including insights from animal models such as dogs, squirrels, and mice. Further. the application of bioinformatics and machine learning techniques for enhanced mpox detection and potential therapeutics for mpox and related neurological complications have discussed. The article also addresses the current state of mpox vaccines, existing resources, and future directions for vaccine development. By examining the molecular characteristics of MPXV, its mechanisms of cellular invasion, and its effects beyond cutaneous manifestations, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mpox neurological implications. Eventually, the major research priorities and potential strategies for mitigating the neurological impact of MPXV infections have been highlighted in the context of ongoing global health challenges.
{"title":"Re-visiting mpox: Stealth assault on the brain and emerging biomedical research insights","authors":"Abhimanyu Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent global outbreak of mpox virus (MPXV) infections has reignited interest in this zoonotic disease, mpox. As of August 2024, mpox continues to pose significant global health challenges, with ongoing transmission in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. This article examines the neurological implications of MPXV infection, synthesizing current research to provide biomedical insights into the virus's potential impact on the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinvasive potential of MPXV and the rare but serious complication of encephalomyelitis have been discussed. The article explores advances in mpox research, including insights from animal models such as dogs, squirrels, and mice. Further. the application of bioinformatics and machine learning techniques for enhanced mpox detection and potential therapeutics for mpox and related neurological complications have discussed. The article also addresses the current state of mpox vaccines, existing resources, and future directions for vaccine development. By examining the molecular characteristics of MPXV, its mechanisms of cellular invasion, and its effects beyond cutaneous manifestations, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mpox neurological implications. Eventually, the major research priorities and potential strategies for mitigating the neurological impact of MPXV infections have been highlighted in the context of ongoing global health challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100171
Sanjukta Sen , Shreyasi Meur , Gouranga Nandi , Dipanjan Karati
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, epitomizes the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and molecular pathology, resulting in the relentless deterioration of neuronal structures within the brain. Characterized by the formation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles, this condition disrupts synaptic connections, leading to profound cognitive impairment. The utilization of medicinal herbs in the treatment of AD has garnered considerable attention within scientific research due to their potential neuroprotective and therapeutic properties. The World Health Organization has long noted and brought to the attention of many countries the growing public interest in medicinal plants and their products to cure various disorders, including AD due to their potential neuroprotective properties. The ethnomedicinal relevance of the plant Woodfordia fruticosa Kurtz has been reflected in the art of Ayurveda and India's traditional healing system, which reveals its widespread use in Ayurvedic treatments. Numerous chemical compounds found in Woodfordia fruticosa (WF) have been shown to be biologically active against the predisposing factors of AD. The flower extract of WF is particularly effective in inhibiting key enzymes like AChE and BuChE that are involved in AD, while its leaf and stem extracts also contribute to this effect. In vivo studies demonstrate that the flower extract can reverse memory impairment and reduce elevated enzyme levels in animal models. This review highlights the comprehensive potential of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz in AD management, the multifaceted activities of WF, spanning enzyme inhibition, cholinesterase inhibition, and neuroprotection, underscore its promise as a natural therapeutic agent for AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，是遗传易感性和分子病理学之间错综复杂相互作用的缩影，导致大脑内神经元结构不断恶化。这种疾病的特点是形成淀粉样蛋白-β斑块和 tau 蛋白缠结，破坏突触连接，导致严重的认知障碍。由于药草具有潜在的神经保护和治疗特性，因此利用药草治疗注意力缺失症在科学研究中备受关注。世界卫生组织早已注意到，由于药用植物及其产品具有潜在的神经保护特性，公众对其治疗各种疾病（包括注意力缺失症）的兴趣与日俱增，并引起了许多国家的关注。印度的阿育吠陀艺术和传统治疗系统反映了库尔茨蕨属植物的民族药用价值，揭示了其在阿育吠陀疗法中的广泛应用。研究表明，糙叶木（WF）中的许多化学物质对抗击注意力缺失症的诱发因素具有生物活性。木芙蓉的花萃取物在抑制 AChE 和 BuChE 等与注意力缺失症有关的关键酶方面特别有效，而其叶和茎萃取物也有助于产生这种效果。体内研究表明，花提取物可以逆转记忆损伤，并降低动物模型中升高的酶水平。这篇综述强调了库尔兹木芙蓉（Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz）在治疗注意力缺失症方面的综合潜力，木芙蓉具有多方面的活性，包括酶抑制、胆碱酯酶抑制和神经保护，这突出表明它有望成为一种治疗注意力缺失症的天然药物。
{"title":"Unlocking the potential: Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz in Alzheimer's disease management - A concise review","authors":"Sanjukta Sen , Shreyasi Meur , Gouranga Nandi , Dipanjan Karati","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, epitomizes the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and molecular pathology, resulting in the relentless deterioration of neuronal structures within the brain. Characterized by the formation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles, this condition disrupts synaptic connections, leading to profound cognitive impairment. The utilization of medicinal herbs in the treatment of AD has garnered considerable attention within scientific research due to their potential neuroprotective and therapeutic properties. The World Health Organization has long noted and brought to the attention of many countries the growing public interest in medicinal plants and their products to cure various disorders, including AD due to their potential neuroprotective properties. The ethnomedicinal relevance of the plant <em>Woodfordia fruticosa</em> Kurtz has been reflected in the art of Ayurveda and India's traditional healing system, which reveals its widespread use in Ayurvedic treatments. Numerous chemical compounds found in <em>Woodfordia fruticosa</em> (WF) have been shown to be biologically active against the predisposing factors of AD. The flower extract of WF is particularly effective in inhibiting key enzymes like AChE and BuChE that are involved in AD, while its leaf and stem extracts also contribute to this effect. <em>In vivo</em> studies demonstrate that the flower extract can reverse memory impairment and reduce elevated enzyme levels in animal models. This review highlights the comprehensive potential of <em>Woodfordia fruticosa</em> Kurz in AD management, the multifaceted activities of WF, spanning enzyme inhibition, cholinesterase inhibition, and neuroprotection, underscore its promise as a natural therapeutic agent for AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Percheron Artery Stroke, affecting bilateral paramedian thalamic structures, accounts for 0.1–0.4 % of all acute ischemic strokes. Little is known about disability or mortality outcomes in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or endovascular treatment (EVT), therefore a systematic review was carried out.
Methods
A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase and Scopus databases for all kind of studies regarding Percheron Artery Stroke was performed. The review is registered in INPLASY (202410059). In total, 1895 papers were screened; 197 studies were included, consisting exclusively in case reports, retrospective series and conference abstracts. Data from 448 patients were analyzed in logistic regression.
Results
Both IVT (ORIVT = 3.08; 95 % CI 1.4 – 6.7; p = 0.005) and EVT (OREVT = 5.77; 95 % CI 1.69 – 19.7; p = 0.005) were associated with reduced disability, as well as exclusive thalamic involvement (OR = 3.24; CI 2.1 – 5.1; p < 0.001) and higher Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) on admission (OR = 1.2; 95 % CI 1.12 – 1.28; p < 0.001). GCS (OR = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.63 – 0.82; p < 0.001) and exclusive thalamic involvement (OR = 0.36; 95 % CI 0.16 – 0.74; p = 0.005) were associated with lesser mortality, while IVT displayed a non-significant trend towards reduced mortality (ORIVT = 0.13; 95 % CI 0.01 – 1.04; p = 0.056).
Conclusion
The present work, albeit summarizing data coming from low quality sources, suggests an association between both EVT/IVT and better outcomes in paramedian bilateral thalamic strokes.
背景和目的 影响双侧丘脑旁结构的珀切隆动脉卒中占所有急性缺血性卒中的 0.1%-0.4%。目前对接受静脉溶栓（IVT）或血管内治疗（EVT）的患者的残疾或死亡率结果知之甚少，因此我们开展了一项系统性综述。该综述已在 INPLASY（202410059）中注册。共筛选出 1895 篇论文，其中包括 197 项研究，全部为病例报告、回顾性系列研究和会议摘要。结果IVT（ORIVT = 3.08; 95 % CI 1.4 - 6.7; p = 0.005）和EVT（OREVT = 5.77; 95 % CI 1.69 - 19.7; p = 0.005）与残疾减少以及丘脑受累（OR = 3.24; CI 2.1 - 5.1; p <0.001）和入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分（GCS）升高（OR = 1.2; 95 % CI 1.12 - 1.28; p <0.001）有关。GCS（OR = 0.73，95 % CI 0.63 - 0.82；p <；0.001）和丘脑完全受累（OR = 0.36；95 % CI 0.16 - 0.74；p = 0.005）与较低的死亡率相关，而 IVT 显示出降低死亡率的非显著趋势（ORIVT = 0.13; 95 % CI 0.01 - 1.04; p = 0.056）。结论本研究虽然总结了低质量来源的数据，但表明EVT/IVT与双侧丘脑旁中风更好的预后之间存在关联。
{"title":"Percheron Artery Stroke and Reperfusive therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Giulio Papiri , Emanuele Puca , Matteo Marcucci , Cristina Paci , Donatella Petritola , Stefania Bifolchetti , Sandro Sanguigni , Fabio Di Marzio , Gabriella Cacchiò , Giordano D'Andreamatteo , Claudia Cagnetti","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Percheron Artery Stroke, affecting bilateral paramedian thalamic structures, accounts for 0.1–0.4 % of all acute ischemic strokes. Little is known about disability or mortality outcomes in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or endovascular treatment (EVT), therefore a systematic review was carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase and Scopus databases for all kind of studies regarding Percheron Artery Stroke was performed. The review is registered in INPLASY (202410059). In total, 1895 papers were screened; 197 studies were included, consisting exclusively in case reports, retrospective series and conference abstracts. Data from 448 patients were analyzed in logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both IVT (OR<sub>IVT</sub> = 3.08; 95 % CI 1.4 – 6.7; <em>p</em> = 0.005) and EVT (OR<sub>EVT</sub> = 5.77; 95 % CI 1.69 – 19.7; <em>p</em> = 0.005) were associated with reduced disability, as well as exclusive thalamic involvement (OR = 3.24; CI 2.1 – 5.1; <em>p</em> < 0.001) and higher Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) on admission (OR = 1.2; 95 % CI 1.12 – 1.28; <em>p</em> < 0.001). GCS (OR = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.63 – 0.82; <em>p</em> < 0.001) and exclusive thalamic involvement (OR = 0.36; 95 % CI 0.16 – 0.74; <em>p</em> = 0.005) were associated with lesser mortality, while IVT displayed a non-significant trend towards reduced mortality (OR<sub>IVT</sub> = 0.13; 95 % CI 0.01 – 1.04; <em>p</em> = 0.056).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present work, albeit summarizing data coming from low quality sources, suggests an association between both EVT/IVT and better outcomes in paramedian bilateral thalamic strokes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hearing loss has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive decline. The processing of auditory information relies on a well-connected neuronal network. Previous studies have found white matter abnormalities in individuals with hearing loss, but the structural connectivity and microstructural properties of white matter in individuals with moderate hearing loss remain unclear.
To examine the integrity of white matter, identify vulnerable structural connectivity, and assess network topology, we examined major white matter tracts in elderly individuals with moderate hearing loss (MHL) (>30 dB) and compared them to age-matched controls with good hearing (GH).
We observed that the fractional anisotropy of the right corticospinal tract and left superior longitudinal fasciculus – parietal was higher in subjects with MHL. Additionally, we identified a disrupted network centered on the left putamen in MHL, involving eight brain regions. Network topology analysis showed reduced betweenness centrality and small-world network in MHL. Interestingly, the fractional anisotropy of the forceps major tract and left uncinate tracts were correlated with hearing status.
Our findings suggest that MHL is associated with putamen-centered disruptions in structural connectivity. The increased fractional anisotropy of the right corticospinal tract may be a compensatory mechanism, as it projects fibers to the right putamen. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the impact of hearing loss on white matter integrity and may inform the development of new treatments to prevent its progression.
{"title":"Investigating the role of structural connectivity in the individuals with moderate hearing loss","authors":"AHM Ruhul Quddus , Mst Shahnaj Pervin , Artyom Zinchenko , Md Mamun Al Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hearing loss has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive decline. The processing of auditory information relies on a well-connected neuronal network. Previous studies have found white matter abnormalities in individuals with hearing loss, but the structural connectivity and microstructural properties of white matter in individuals with moderate hearing loss remain unclear.</div><div>To examine the integrity of white matter, identify vulnerable structural connectivity, and assess network topology, we examined major white matter tracts in elderly individuals with moderate hearing loss (MHL) (>30 dB) and compared them to age-matched controls with good hearing (GH).</div><div>We observed that the fractional anisotropy of the right corticospinal tract and left superior longitudinal fasciculus – parietal was higher in subjects with MHL. Additionally, we identified a disrupted network centered on the left putamen in MHL, involving eight brain regions. Network topology analysis showed reduced betweenness centrality and small-world network in MHL. Interestingly, the fractional anisotropy of the forceps major tract and left uncinate tracts were correlated with hearing status.</div><div>Our findings suggest that MHL is associated with putamen-centered disruptions in structural connectivity. The increased fractional anisotropy of the right corticospinal tract may be a compensatory mechanism, as it projects fibers to the right putamen. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the impact of hearing loss on white matter integrity and may inform the development of new treatments to prevent its progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cisplatin (CP) is a highly effective antitumor agent, but its clinical use is limited due to critical adverse reactions including neurotoxicity. Quercetin (QC) is a naturally occurring phytochemical with promising bioactive effects. This study investigated the Neuroprotective mechanisms and ameliorative activities of quercetin in cisplatin-induced cerebellum neurotoxicity in rat models.
The rats were randomly divided into five groups of six (n = 6) rats. Group A, served as control. Group B, received a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of CP (i.p.) on the first day. Group C received 30 mg/kg bwt of QC. Group D received a single dose of 10 mg/kg bwt CP on the first day followed by 30 mg/kg bwt of QC. Group E received 30 mg/kg bwt of QC per day followed by a single dose of 10 mg/kg bwt of CP on the last day. The treatment lasted for 35 days after which the novel-object recognition memory test (NORT) was used to assess non-spatial memory function. Brain neurochemical status was assessed and brain tissues were processed for histology.
Quercetin increased weight loss and cognitive performance in CP-treated rats by enhancing the exploration of unfamiliar objects. Quercetin protects the brain from CP-mediated alterations in oxidative status, as well as brain metabolic enzyme indicators. It also decreased IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α, and NF-ĸB expression, restored brain metabolic enzyme activities, increased neurotransmitters, and prevented neuromorphological alterations.
In conclusion, quercetin protects rats’ brains against CP-induced cerebellum neurotoxicity via oxidative stress inhibition and down-regulation of inflammation.
{"title":"Neuroprotective mechanisms and ameliorative activities of quercetin in cisplatin-induced cerebellum neurotoxicity in rat models","authors":"Sunday Aderemi Adelakun , Babatunde Ogunlade , Julius Akomaye Aniah , Oladipupo Nifemi Akinyemi","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cisplatin (CP) is a highly effective antitumor agent, but its clinical use is limited due to critical adverse reactions including neurotoxicity. Quercetin (QC) is a naturally occurring phytochemical with promising bioactive effects. This study investigated the Neuroprotective mechanisms and ameliorative activities of quercetin in cisplatin-induced cerebellum neurotoxicity in rat models.</div><div>The rats were randomly divided into five groups of six (<em>n</em> = 6) rats. Group A, served as control. Group B, received a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of CP (i.p.) on the first day. Group C received 30 mg/kg bwt of QC. Group D received a single dose of 10 mg/kg bwt CP on the first day followed by 30 mg/kg bwt of QC. Group E received 30 mg/kg bwt of QC per day followed by a single dose of 10 mg/kg bwt of CP on the last day. The treatment lasted for 35 days after which the novel-object recognition memory test (NORT) was used to assess non-spatial memory function. Brain neurochemical status was assessed and brain tissues were processed for histology.</div><div>Quercetin increased weight loss and cognitive performance in CP-treated rats by enhancing the exploration of unfamiliar objects. Quercetin protects the brain from CP-mediated alterations in oxidative status, as well as brain metabolic enzyme indicators. It also decreased IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α, and NF-ĸB expression, restored brain metabolic enzyme activities, increased neurotransmitters, and prevented neuromorphological alterations.</div><div>In conclusion, quercetin protects rats’ brains against CP-induced cerebellum neurotoxicity via oxidative stress inhibition and down-regulation of inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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