Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine最新文献

Experimental animal facilities can have a negative impact on the well-being of animals owing to confinement. To mitigate this, environmental enrichment (EE) is implemented confinement. The purpose of EE is to enhance the complexity of an animal's natural environment. The objective of this study was to identify the types of EE most enjoyed by dogs used in experimental research and housed in individual kennels. A total of six adult Beagle dogs, housed at the Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária (LQEPV) at the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) were included in the study. The EE tools used included Petball® toys, a grassy outdoor area, interaction with other dogs and with a team member, a "pool" made of plastic bottles, and dog's wet food ice cream. A team member assessed the usage of these tools every 5 min for a 30-min period, six times per day, one day per week, over the course of eight weeks. The study revealed that the grass area was the tool most commonly used for physical enrichment, accounting for 58% of the occurrences (p < 0.05). Social and food enrichment were enjoyed in second and third place, with 23% and 19% of occurrences, respectively. that the study findings suggest that dogs housed in individual kennels enjoy engaging in their natural behaviors.

The study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil on the microbiota and intestinal morphology of Danio rerio. For this, 448 fish were randomly distributed in 28 tanks divided into a control group fed a commercial diet without supplementation, a group fed a commercial diet containing grain alcohol and five groups fed a commercial diet containing essential oil of L. sidoides (LSEO) at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. After the period of dietary supplementation, biological materials were collected for microbiological and histological analyses. There were no significant differences regarding the microbiological count between the groups. Diversity of the microbiome was higher in 0.25% group than in control group. LSEO inhibited the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Fish fed LSEO_0.25% showed greater intestinal histomorphometric indices. The inclusion of LSEO at 0.25% in the diet of D. rerio provided improvements in fish microbiota and intestine integrity.

Dioctophyme renale is a nematode with zoonotic potential that affects the kidneys of carnivorous, wild, and domestic mammals. In this study, we sought to evaluate the indirect ELISA method against routine methods used to diagnose dioctophimosis. Hence, 38 dogs parasitized by D. renale, as confirmed by surgery, were selected. The dogs were evaluated by abdominal ultrasound and urinalysis, and their sera were tested by indirect ELISA using D. renale adult secretion and excretion antigen (DES). Five dogs were followed up with serum collections on day 0 (day of surgery) and 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery to evaluate antibody kinetics. Abdominal ultrasound and indirect ELISA successfully diagnosed 37 dogs parasitized by D. renale, while urinalysis diagnosed 29 animals. The positive animals were parasitized with 1-7 parasites; 17 dogs were infected by male and female parasites, 15 only by female parasites, and six were parasitized only by male parasites. When assessing specificity and sensitivity, all techniques showed 100% specificity and 81.6%, 97.4%, and 97.4% sensitivity for urinalysis, ultrasound, and ELISA, respectively (p < 0.001). The five positive dogs that were followed up after surgery showed a progressive decrease in mean absorbances in indirect ELISA (0.644, 0.516, 0.511, and 0.440, respectively). This study demonstrated that the indirect ELISA using the DE antigen could diagnose dioctophimosis regardless of the number, sex, and location of the parasites, with the potential to be used in epidemiological research and implementing immunological and molecular studies, opening new lines of research on D. renale.

Three outbreaks of herpesvirus meningoencephalitis in cattle have been reported in three municipalities in the northern region of the State of Tocantins, Brazil. In one outbreak, 41 predominantly young bovines were affected, with 2-3 deaths in some cases. The animals showed neurological signs of incoordination, blindness, and recumbency, with death occurring within approximately 4-5 d. At necropsy, hyperemia and leptomeningeal hemorrhages were observed in the brain. Histology revealed more intense lesions in the rostral portions of the brain, mainly affecting the frontoparietal cerebral cortex, with nonsuppurative encephalitis and meningitis, glial nodules, neuronophagia, and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the astrocytes and neurons. This study shows the presence of bovine herpesvirus in Tocantins, probably the highly neurotropic type 5 strain, and emphasizes its importance in the differential diagnosis of bovine neuropathies.

Superficial lymphadenectomy is an easy-to-perform and cost-effective routine technique. Despite its simplicity, it remains underutilized in veterinary medicine, with most practitioners being oncological surgeons. This study aims to enhance accessibility to the surgical procedure by providing anatomical representations of superficial lymphadenectomy in the carcasses of dogs and cats. A preliminary study involving two canines and two felines was conducted, with each group comprising a dog and a cat. Group A was designated to superficial lymphadenectomy techniques to create an illustrated step-by-step procedure, while group B underwent anatomical dissection to expose lymph nodes and their adnexa. The approach to superficial lymph nodes in dogs and cats is simple, allowing for the demonstration of superficial lymphadenectomy techniques in the corpses of dogs and cats without complications. This includes the dissection and presentation of anatomical structures adjacent to the lymph nodes. In conclusion, the techniques applied to subjects in groups A and B proved effective, successfully demonstrating and excising all superficial lymph nodes in the corpses of dogs and cats. These findings suggest that the developed set of techniques developed for lymph node excision holds promise for safe and effective application in live animals.

Analysis of the primary and recall responses to a membrane molecule (MMP), encoded by MAP2121c demonstrated that tri-directional signaling between the antigen-presenting cell (APC), CD4 and CD8 is essential for eliciting a CD8 cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. As reported here, RNA-sequencing was used to initiate the characterization of the signaling pathways involved in eliciting the development of CD8 CTL, starting with the characterization of the activation status of genes in monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMΦ) following uptake and processing MMP for the presentation of antigenic epitopes to CD4 and CD8 T cells. Activation status was compared with the uptake and processing of LPS, a nonspecific stimulator of macrophages. 1609 genes were identified that were upregulated, and 1277 were downregulated three hours after uptake and processing MMP. No significant difference was observed in the cytokine genes selected for analysis of the signaling that must occur between APC, CD4, and CD8 for the development of CTL. The initial observations indicate screening of the transcriptome should include genes involved in signaling between APC and CD4, and CD8 regardless of their activation status. Four genes of interest in this study, IL12A, IL12B, IL15, and IL23A, were not significantly different from control values. The initial studies also indicate MoMΦ can be included with dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells for further analysis of the tri-directional signaling required for the development of CTL.

Respiratory diseases considerably affect equine athletes, being the second most common cause of poor performance. Among these diseases, fungal pneumonia in horses, caused specifically by Aspergillus spp., is relatively rare but potentially fatal. Fungal pneumonia typically affects horses exposed to fungal elements due to environmental factors, immunosuppression, or previous debilitating illnesses. Treatment is complex, with minimal success due to late diagnosis and serious concomitant underlying diseases. The choice of medication depends on the site of infection, the fungal species involved, and financial considerations. This report describes a case of pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed in a 10-year-old castrated Quarter Horse. Transtracheal lavage revealed fungal elements characteristic of Aspergillus fumigatus. Treatment with dexamethasone, bromhexine hydrochloride, and itraconazole led to a successful recovery. The diagnosis of equine aspergillosis is challenging because its clinical signs overlap with other respiratory diseases. Fungal infections like aspergillosis are gaining attention in the equine health scene. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics and prevent antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, veterinarians and horse handlers must be aware of the risks of spreading aspergillosis to humans, emphasizing preventative measures and respiratory protection.

The regenerative therapies with stem cells (SC) has been increased by the cryopreservation, permitting cell storage for extended periods. However, the permeating cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can cause severe adverse effects. Therefore, this study evaluated equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (eAT-MSCs) in fresh (Control) or after slow freezing (SF) in different freezing solutions (FS). The FS comprise DMSO and non-permeating CPAs [Trehalose (T) and the SuperCool X-1000 (X)] in association or not, totalizing seven different FS: (DMSO; T; X; DMSO+T; DMSO+X; T+X, and DMSO+T+X). Before and after cryopreservation were evaluated, viability, colony forming unit (CFU), and cellular differentiation capacity. After freezing-thawing, the viability of the eAT-MSCs reduced (P< 0.05) in all treatments compared to the control. However, the viability of frozen eAT-MSCs in DMSO (80.3 ± 0.6) was superior (P<0.05) to the other FS. Regarding CFU, no difference (P>0.05) was observed between fresh and frozen cells. After freezing-thawing, the eAT-MSCs showed osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages differentiation potential. Nonetheless, despite the significative reduction in the osteogenic differentiation capacity between fresh and frozen cells, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed among FS. Furthermore, the number of chondrogenic differentiation cells frozen in DMSO+X solution reduced (P<0.05) comparing to the control, without differ (P>0.05) to the other FS. The adipogenic differentiation did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, although these findings confirm the success of DMSO to cryopreserve eAT-MSCs, the Super Cool X-1000 could be a promise to reduce the DMSO concentration in a FS.

This study aimed to assess the fluctuations of antibody serum titers for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in naturally infected crossbred cows during gestation and to investigate transplacental transmission of T. gondii; 51 cows were monitored during pregnancy by monthly serologic testing by indirect fluorescent antibody test. 33 cows were seronegative for both N. caninum and T. gondii, 10 were seropositive only for N. caninum, 5 were seropositive only for T. gondii, and 3 were seropositive for both N. caninum and T. gondii. In both protozoan infections, great variation in antibody levels in pregnant cows was observed, and there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the comparison between the averages of serological titration per trimester. There was a significant correlation (p<0.05) between month and probability of seropositivity for T. gondii. We conclude that pregnancy influences antibody titers of crossbred cows naturally infected with N. caninum and/or T. gondii, and that serologic testing for T. gondii in pregnant cows from the sixth month of gestation onward may decrease the number of false negative results.

In this study we aimed to analyze the feasibility of the gasless renal biopsy technique in canine cadavers. The cadavers were randomly divided into two groups: laparoscopic GCG, in which gasless laparoscopy was performed and GCP, laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum was performed. The procedures were randomly performed on the right and left kidneys. The total surgical time, procedural steps, and intraoperative complications were recorded. The degree of difficulty of the surgical approaches was evaluated by the surgeon, assistant, and external evaluators. Renal samples were evaluated for quality, number of glomeruli, and proportion of renal cortex. The total operative time was higher in the GCG group than in the GCP group (p < 0.01). Additionally, positioning of the second portal and platform positioning took longer than the other steps. The surgical groups differed from each other in the Likert scale values for almost all the parameters regarding the difficulty of the surgical approaches (p < 0.05), with higher scores in the GCG group than in the GCP group. Based on the video recordings, the GCP group had higher scores than the GCG group for degrees of difficulty of the approach (p < 0.05). Renal histological parameters were similar between the surgical groups and surgical sides. Our study findings indicate that the proposed gasless renal biopsy technique is feasible. The longer operative time and technical difficulties in the gasless approach did not affect the quality of the renal specimens.