Actas espanolas de psiquiatria最新文献

Background: Anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, as psychological and emotional diseases, have serious impact on people's physical and mental health, and receive increasing academic attention. This study aimed to examine anxiety, depression, and sleep disorder of staff in a district of Shenzhen and to provide the basis for the development of targeted intervention measures to improve the psychological status of cadres.

Methods: Based on the psychological evaluation data of staff cadres in a district of Shenzhen City obtained from January to December 2020, a stratified sampling method was adopted to randomly select two streets and three communities in each street. A total of six communities were selected as investigation units. All participants filled out the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed using R4.2.0 statistical software.

Results: A total of 705 effective psychological assessment questionnaires were matched, and there were 71 (10.13%) positive results on SAS, 156 (22.13%) positive results on SDS, and 264 (37.45%) positive results on PSQI. Chi-square test results showed that the detection rates of anxiety and depression were significantly different among the staff cadres of different genders and different educational levels (p < 0.05). The detection rate of sleep disorder of government officials significantly differed among different age groups (p < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorder of female cadres and workers were significantly higher than those of male cadres and workers (p < 0.05). The detection rates of anxiety and depression of the staff with bachelor's degree and graduate degree were significantly lower than those of the staff with a college degree or below (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The detection rates of anxiety and depression are different among staff of different genders and different education levels in a district of Shenzhen, where female staff and those with lower education levels have higher detection rates.

Background: Endometriosis often causes chronic pain and fertility issues, exacerbating the risk of depression and complicating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, which further impacts quality of life. This study aimed to explore the detection rate of depression in patients with endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis by using different diagnostic criteria, and to analyze the occurrence and influencing factors.

Method: A total of 108 patients with endometriosis combined with rheumatoid arthritis in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from July 2021 to July 2023 were selected as samples. The internationally accepted Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), the new depression assessment tool Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to detect the incidence of depression in patients with endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis. On the basis of the DSM-5 results, patients with concurrent depression were categorized into the observation group, and those without depression were categorized into the control group. The patients' clinical data were collected, and the impact factors were analyzed through binary logistic regression.

Results: DSM-5 detected 20 patients with depression, with a detection rate of 18.52%. HAMD detected 21 patients with depression, with a detection rate of 19.44%. SDS detected 18 patients with depression, with a detection rate of 16.67%. The difference in the detection rate of depression in patients with endometriosis combined with rheumatoid arthritis among the three methods was not statistically significant (p = 0.865). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that dysmenorrhea (odds ratio (OR) = 3.589, p = 0.005), dyspareunia (OR = 2.964, p = 0.012), Visual Analog Scale score (OR = 2.545, p = 0.001), Disease Activity Score-28 score (OR = 3.828, p = 0.004), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (OR = 3.942, p = 0.004), and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index score (OR = 3.527, p = 0.008) were significant influencing factors for depression.

Conclusion: DSM-5, HAMD, and SDS can be used to detect depression in patients with endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis as effective tools for depression screening. Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity (DAS28), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) are influencing factors of depression in these patients.

Background: Mental contamination (MC) refers to feelings of internal filthiness associated with contamination obsessions. Ego-dystonic memories and thoughts can trigger MC, although it can also be activated by trauma, which is associated with the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research shows that MC, negative emotions and PTSD can occur simultaneously. Despite considerable interest from researchers and clinicians, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been carried out on the relationship between disgust and other negative emotions with MC and PTSD. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review to summarise and synthesise the current understanding of these constructs in PTSD. The main objective of this study was to review the association between MC, post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma; the role of disgust and other negative emotions in these associations; and whether the relationship between MC and trauma is limited to traumatic sexual experiences.

Method: We searched PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Cochrane Library, APA PsycNet, and the Online Library of the University of Algarve. We also included grey literature published in Google Scholar. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.

Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Among these, six studies used a randomised methodology, nine used a non-randomised methodology, and five used a descriptive methodology. The results showed that MC is associated with all types of interpersonal trauma, although the relationship with sexual trauma was the strongest. Both basic emotion and disgust sensitivity appear to be significantly associated with MC and the severity of PTSD symptoms. Similarly, other negative emotions are positively associated with MC, although the experience and reappraisal of negative emotions may potentially attenuate the experience of MC.

Conclusions: Based on the findings, MC, disgust and negative emotions are important clinical constructs associated with trauma and PTSD. These results may contribute to our understanding and treatment of PTSD.

Background: Depression is a common comorbidity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and can significantly impact their overall well-being. The combination of venlafaxine and pramipexole is a standard treatment approach for depression in PD. However, the effects of incorporating psychological care into the treatment regimen remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of psychological intervention in the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease, using a combination of venlafaxine and pramipexole.

Methods: The clinical data of 151 patients with both Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression, treated in Geriatric Hospital of Hainan from May 2021 to May 2023, were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 151 patients, 71 received routine nursing care and were allocated to the control group, while the remaining 80 patients received psychological nursing care based on routine nursing care and were assigned to the study group. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to evaluate the degree of depression and anxiety in both groups before and after care. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was employed to assess the quality of life of both groups before and after care. The efficacy and adverse reactions in both groups were also analyzed.

Results: Before care, the HAMD and HAMA scores did not significantly differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, after care, both groups exhibited a significant reduction in HAMD and HAMA scores (p < 0.0001), with a more pronounced decrease observed in the study group (p < 0.0001). Prior to care, there was no significant difference in SF-36 scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, following care, the SF-36 scores markedly increased in both groups (p < 0.0001), with a more pronounced increase in the study group (p < 0.0001). Additionally, a significantly lower overall response rate was noted in the control group compared to the study group (p = 0.013), while no significant difference was observed in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (p = 0.273).

Conclusion: Utilizing venlafaxine combined with pramipexole in the treatment of depression in PD, supplemented by psychological nursing care, significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy. This combined approach effectively alleviates symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients without introducing additional side effects. Hence, it emerges as a valuable clinical treatment option.

Background: Traumatic fractures are common orthopedic injuries with higher incidence globally, leading to acute stress disorder (ASD). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy in patients with traumatic bone fractures suffering from ASD.

Methods: This study included 135 patients who underwent trauma and fracture treatment at The 305th Hospital of the PLA between August 2021 and August 2023. Based on their participation in MBSR therapy, they were categorized into a conventional group (n = 62) and a combined group (n = 73). We comparatively analyzed the ASD Scale (ASDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Sleep Status Scale (SRSS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) measurement-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scores between these two experimental groups. Furthermore, we assessed the incidence of ASD after treatment between these two groups.

Results: There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, education, income, type of expense, trauma type, marital status, fracture site, diabetes status, hypertension status, and the pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, activities of daily living (i.e., modified Barthel index) score, and Social Support Rating Scale score between the two experimental groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of ASDS before treatment between these two groups (p > 0.05). However, after treatment, the ASDS score was significantly lower in the combined group than in the conventional group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, post-management analysis revealed that the incidence rate of ASD was 24.19% in the conventional group and 8.22% in the combined group. Moreover, the incidence of ASD was significantly lower in the combined group compared to the conventional group (p < 0.05). Before intervention, the difference in the SAS or SDS between patients was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, following treatment, the SAS and SDS scores of patients were significantly lower in the combined group than in the conventional group (p < 0.05). Similarly, after treatment, the SRSS scores of patients were substantially lower in the combined group than in the conventional group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the WHOQOL-BREF score of patients was significantly greater in the combined group than in the conventional group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: MBSR therapy can significantly alleviate ASD in trauma and fracture patients. Furthermore, this approach can alleviate the incidence of ASD and reduce anxiety, depression, and negative emotions in patients. These positive effects collectively improve sleep quality and overall well-being of patients.

No abstract present.

Background: With the advancement of blood purification technology, there is increasing attention to the mental health of hemodialysis patients, particularly concerning depression. This study aims to determine the effect of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients through a meta-analysis.

Methods: A computerized search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to October 2023, focusing on the effects of psychological interventions on improving depression in hemodialysis patients. Data extraction, quality evaluation, and cross-checking were performed independently by two researchers. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed according to the criteria recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark). The effect of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients was determined by combining effect sizes and I2 statistics.

Results: Fifteen studies were included, encompassing a total of 929 hemodialysis patients: 468 in the intervention group and 461 in the control group. The results indicated that psychological interventions could improve depressive moods [mean difference (MD) = -4.91, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (-6.56, -3.26), p < 0.001] and anxiety status [MD = -5.11, 95% CI (-6.97, -3.25), p < 0.001]. A subgroup analysis based on the intervention duration (more or less than 8 weeks) revealed that patients experienced significant improvements in depression and anxiety regardless of the intervention length. Additionally, subgroup analyses focusing on quality of life demonstrated that psychological interventions significantly improved the psychological aspects of patients' quality of life [MD = 7.31, 95% CI (1.06, 13.56), p = 0.001]. Sensitivity analysis, which excluded sources of heterogeneity, indicated that psychological interventions significantly enhanced both the psychological [odds ratios (OR) = 4.14, 95% CI (1.08, 7.20), p = 0.008] and physical [MD = 2.52, 95% CI (0.10, 4.95), p = 0.04] aspects of patients' quality of life.

Conclusion: Psychological interventions can significantly alleviate depression and anxiety in hemodialysis patients and improve their quality of life. Psychotherapy holds promise as an effective method for improving depression in dialysis patients.

Background: Measuring adolescents' and youths' perception of their Cyber-Self can enhance the understanding of how digital technology influences identity formation. While psychological literature offers numerous measures of the self, there is a notable lack of studies addressing the measurement of the Cyber-Self. This study aims to evaluate the reliability, factorial- and criterion-related validity, and measurement invariance of the Cyber-Self Scale (CSS) across age and gender among the youth and adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The Cyber Relationship Motives (CRM) and E-Emotional Questionnaire (EEQ) were administered to students at Umm Al-Qura University (N = 335), aged 17-31 years (39.7% male, 60.3% female; mean (M) = 21.75, standard deviation (SD) = 2.17).

Results: The results indicated significant positive correlations between the sub-components of the CRM and EEQ. One item was selected based on two criteria: the highest correlation with other items and the highest correlation with the general factor. A total of 12 items were identified as the final form of the CSS, which demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for both male and female participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the CSS model fit the data well, with all 12 items meeting the fit criteria for chi-square and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA).

Conclusion: The Arabic version of the CSS is sufficiently reliable and valid for use among Arabic-speaking adolescents and youth. Further research is recommended to examine its measurement invariance over extended periods.

Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) disrupt with aging, contributing to neurodegeneration. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a compound found in Ginseng, is known for its anti-aging effects; however, its role in the progression of aging NSCs remains unclear. Therefore, this investigation explored the impact of Rg1 on the growth and maturation of aging NSC and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Initially, mouse models of brain aging were successfully established using D-galactose (D-gal) injection. Mice received Rg1 treatment along with D-gal administration. Brain tissues and NSCs were isolated and analyzed for pathological changes, gene expression, and cellular function. In vitro, experiments used aging NSCs treated with Rg1 to assess cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and senescence markers.

Results: D-gal triggered aging-related pathological alterations in mouse brains, elevated acetylcholinesterase levels, upregulated senescence genes, and inhibited NSC proliferation (p < 0.05). However, Rg1 treatment mitigated D-gal-induced effects, delayed brain aging, and improved NSC function. In vitro, Rg1 significantly increased cell viability, promoted NSC proliferation and differentiation, reduced senescent neurons, and downregulated p53 and p21 genes (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Rg1 demonstrates anti-aging properties in D-gal-induced mouse brain aging, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs, and downregulating the p53-p21 signaling pathway.

Background: In emergency warning nursing, the pre-alert system significantly influences the biochemical markers and clinical outcomes of patients with Acute Stress Disorder. Therefore, this study applies hierarchical analysis to explore the impact of early warning nursing on crucial indicators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and assess their clinical efficacy.

Methods: The study selected patients with acute stress disorder who were hospitalized in Southwest Hospital of Chongqing from December 2021 to December 2022, and collected data from 250 patients. Through PSM score matching, 170 patients were finally scored and grouped, 85 patients in each group, which were divided into routine group and stratified analysis group. The changes in serum inflammatory markers, psychological resilience, and post-traumatic growth were compared between the two experimental groups on day 1 of admission and after 14 days of intervention.

Result: After one day of admission, there was no significant difference in the serum factor levels, psychological resilience, and post-traumatic growth among the participants (p > 0.05). However, after 14 days of intervention, patients in the hierarchical analysis group showed better outcomes in serum inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 compared to the conventional group (p < 0.05). The hierarchical analysis group had higher psychological resilience scores regarding strength, optimism, and resilience compared to the conventional group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the hierarchical analysis group showed higher post-traumatic growth scores regarding mental changes, personal strength, appreciation of life, interpersonal relationship, and new possibilities relative to the conventional group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based emergency warning nursing can help improve the serum inflammatory factor levels, strengthen psychological resilience, and enhance post-traumatic growth levels in patients with Acute Stress Disorder.