Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)最新文献

Introduction: Increasing reinforcement received from cannabis-free activities, relative to reinforcement from cannabis-related activities, is one way to reduce harmful cannabis use. Thus, accurate measurement of cannabis reinforcement is important. Using convergent mixed methods, we developed the Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule-Cannabis Use Version (ARSS-CUV). ARSS-CUV, adapted from the alcohol use version, measures cannabis reinforcement by asking individuals how frequently they engaged in, and how much they enjoyed, different activities when using and not using cannabis.

Method: Young adults (N = 65; M _age = 20.4 years [SD = 1.8]) completed measures of cannabis use, the ARSS-CUV, and provided feedback on included activities, via focus groups. Following Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing framework, this study examined evidence of measurement validity based on item content.

Results: Quantitative findings revealed that peer interactions were the most reinforcing activities, whereas activities related to family were least reinforcing. Qualitative findings indicated some confusion with question wording. Participants also indicated the importance of environmental context when using cannabis and noted who they use cannabis with may be more important than the activity they are doing. Changes were made to survey flow and response choices after participant feedback.

Conclusions: ARSS-CUV includes revisions in activities solicited and response format. The revised ARSS-CUV provides opportunities to advance measurement of an important construct (i.e., reinforcement) in the study of cannabis use. Psychometric properties of the ARSS-CUV across different populations and contexts of use (e.g., polysubstance use) should be examined.

Background: Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) experience discrimination and have high cannabis use prevalence. Discrimination may be associated with cannabis use, including hazardous use and co-use with tobacco, depending on emotion regulation and gender.

Methods: Fall 2020 survey data assessed discrimination, use frequency of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression), current cannabis use, hazardous use, and cannabis-tobacco dual use among SMYAs (age 18-34) in 6 United States metropolitan areas (women: n=450, M _age =24.1, SD=4.7, 69.6% bisexual, 18.2% lesbian/gay, 12.2% other; men: n=254, M _age=24.7, SD=4.5, 33.5% bisexual, 54.3% gay, 12.2% other). Multivariable logistic regression examined the moderating roles of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on associations of discrimination with cannabis use outcomes, stratified by gender and adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, and employment.

Results: Among SMYA women, 89.5% experienced any discrimination; 53.1% reported current cannabis use, of whom 49.4% and 47.7% reported hazardous use and cannabis-tobacco dual use, respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographics, experiencing greater discrimination was associated with greater odds of hazardous cannabis use (aOR=1.08, 95% CI [1.02, 1.15]) and cannabis-tobacco dual use (aOR=1.04, 95% CI [1.01, 1.08]) among SMYA women with greater use of expressive suppression. Among SMYA men, 83.9% experienced any discrimination; 49.2% reported current cannabis use, of whom 55.2% and 44.0% reported hazardous use and cannabis-tobacco dual use. Discrimination and emotion regulation were unrelated to cannabis use outcomes among men. Conclusions: Given high rates of discrimination experiences among SMYAs, emotion regulation skills training may empower SMYAs, particularly women, to cope with discrimination without using cannabis.

Objective: Perseverative cognitive processes, such as rumination, may indirectly influence effects of personality traits on cannabis use and related problems. Understanding relations among personality, rumination, and cannabis use motives may lead to better understanding of problematic cannabis use. The present study examined personality traits' influence on negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and cannabis use coping motives.

Methods: We tested a sequential path model across two independent samples such that the model was tested in one sample and replicated in the second sample. Participants were U.S. undergraduate students from multiple universities who reported using cannabis at least once in the prior thirty days.

Results: Results partially supported hypotheses such negative urgency and distress tolerance were indirectly related to negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and coping motives. Specifically, higher negative urgency and lower distress tolerance were related to higher rumination. Higher rumination was related to higher coping motives; which in turn was related to more negative cannabis-related consequences. Results indicate that rumination is a risk factor belying associations between personality and cannabis use to cope and negative consequences of use.

Conclusions: Implementing techniques that attenuate rumination for individuals high in negative urgency or low in distress tolerance may reduce or prevent problematic cannabis and unintended outcomes.

Background: Despite the established relationship between substance use and self-control, it is unknown how the COVID-19 pandemic may have played a role in this association. Given the unique circumstances of the pandemic along with changing societal regulations surrounding cannabis use, and their collective impact on college students, there is a need to examine the relationship between cannabis and self-control during the pandemic era.

Methods: Data was collected from a repeated cross-sectional sample of college students at a mid-sized, urban U.S. institution during 2020-2022. Logistic and negative binominal regression analyses along with an ANCOVA were conducted to examine associations between self-control and past 30-day cannabis use.

Results: Lower self-control was significantly associated with using cannabis in the past 30-days with those individuals with self-reported low self-control using cannabis significantly more and more times per day. Finally, we found that both past 30-day cannabis use and cohort significantly predicted self-control with both individuals who report past 30-day cannabis use and the 2020 cohort reporting lower levels of self-control. There was not a significant interaction effect.

Conclusions: Despite evolving legislation regarding both medicinal and recreational cannabis use, colleges often maintain drug-free campus policies. Given high rates of cannabis use among college students and continued development of self-control, this association should be examined longitudinally and considered when creating college-level cannabis policies. Implications for college students surrounding COVID-era environments, and self-control are discussed.

Guided Self-Change (GSC) is a Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based early intervention program, infused with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), for individuals with substance use problems. In this study, we implemented a 4-session GSC program with the innovative addition of mindfulness-based techniques at a minority-serving institution to reduce substance use and negative consequences among self-referred university students. We investigated processes that may be associated with behavior change, including perceived risk of use and self-efficacy ratings among university students who reported their primary substance of choice was cannabis (n = 18) or alcohol (n = 18). The sample of 36 participants (M_age = 24.4, SD_age = 5, range 18-37) mostly identified as female (58.3%), then male (41.7%); 52.8% identified as Hispanic/Latine, 22.2% as Black or African American, and 19.5% as a sexual minority. Among cannabis primary using students, results indicated that the perceived risk of weekly cannabis use, confidence to change, and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessment. Among alcohol primary using students, confidence to change and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessments. All results yielded large effect sizes, which may be inflated due to the small sample size. Findings suggest that over the course of participation in a brief, 4-session targeted GSC program, there were significant increases in perceived risk and self-efficacy among minority university students who engage in primary cannabis or primary alcohol use.

This study characterized how quantities of cannabis and alcohol use affect sleep. Single-day and typical cannabis and alcohol use patterns were considered to assess acute-chronic use interactions. Linear and non-linear associations assessed dose-dependence. College students (n=337; 52% female) provided 11,417 days of data, with up to five time points per day. Daily self-reported sleep duration, cannabis use quantity, and alcohol use quantity were subjected to linear mixed modeling to capture linear and curvilinear associations between single-day and typical use on same-night and typical sleep. Sleep duration (difference between bedtime and waketime) was the outcome. Quantity of cannabis used each day andtypical quantity used across all days were predictors in the cannabis models. Parallel single-day and typical alcohol variables were predictors in the alcohol models. Follow-up analyses excluded days with alcohol-cannabis co-use. Main effects of single-day and typical cannabis quantity on sleep duration were observed when all cannabis-use days were modeled. Higher than typical doses of single-day and typical cannabis were associated with longer sleep durations, but only to a point; at the highest doses, cannabis shortened sleep. A main effect of single-day alcohol quantity and two interactions (single-day use with both linear and curvilinear typical use) on sleep duration were observed when all alcohol-use days were modeled. Greater alcohol consumption on a given day led to shorter same-night sleep, but typically heavier drinkers required higher doses than typically lighter drinkers to experience these adverse effects. Follow-up models suggested alcohol co-use may contribute to the purported sleep-promoting effects of cannabis.

Cannabis use and the prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) among emerging adults are on the rise. Several indicators of cannabis use (e.g., quantity, frequency) as they relate to negative outcomes have been posited in the extant literature. Despite research examining links between indicators and cannabis outcomes, few assessments of cannabis use indicators exist. The Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU) was developed to assess cannabis use across a range of factors. However, the factor structure of the DFAQ-CU has not been replicated. Further, the DFAQ-CU was modeled using reflective strategies despite formative strategies being conceptually appropriate. The present study utilized principal components analyses (PCA) and principal axis factoring (PAF) to evaluate the structure of the DFAQ-CU. PCA yielded a four-component solution; PAF resulted in a five-factor solution. Linear regression found significant relations between PCA components and PAF factors with CUD symptoms and cannabis-related problems; however, effect sizes were larger for the PAF suggesting possible misdisattenuation. The PCA components demonstrated evidence of discriminant and convergent validity with measures of cannabis and alcohol behavior. The study informs research and clinical work through the refinement of cannabis use assessment and enhancing our understanding of the importance of model selection.

Introduction: We examined whether the Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP; i.e., obsessive passion [OP] and harmonious passion [HP]) for cannabis use was prospectively associated with cannabis use and use-related outcomes, and with academic performance, relationship attachment style, and social connectedness among college students. We also explored whether the DMP was associated with outcomes when included in a model using established constructs (e.g., coping motives, refusal self-efficacy, cannabis use disorder [CUD] symptoms) as predictors of cannabis use and outcomes.

Methods: Using a longitudinal cohort design (baseline, 5-month, 10-month [timepoints chosen to better correspond to 9-month academic year]), 513 undergraduate students from two universities who reported using cannabis at least four times in the past month completed a baseline survey (308 meeting criteria for CUD). We used Generalized Estimating Equations to assess longitudinal associations between OP/HP and cannabis use and academic/social outcomes at 5-month and 10-month.

Results: At baseline, participants were young adults (Mean age = 20.57, SD = 2.51), 78.8% non-Hispanic, 83.8% White, 55.0% female, and 72.3% heterosexual. Greater HP was not associated with greater past month cannabis use or cannabis-related problems. Greater OP was associated with greater past month cannabis use and more cannabis-related problems. There were no significant passion by time interactions. Greater HP was associated with more anxious attachment. OP was associated with less social connection.

Conclusion: This research suggests that the DMP provides novel information about factors associated with cannabis use and use-related consequences, which can aid in our understanding of cannabis use, misuse, and CUD among college students.

More than half of the United States has legalized medicinal and/or recreational cannabis. The purpose of the study is to understand cannabis use and perceptions among college students with cannabis experience - 21 years and older - in a legalized cannabis state. Participants included 170 college students, the majority identified as female (72.9%, n = 124) and Latinx/Hispanic (55.9%, n = 95). The online survey included demographic questions and questionnaires measuring cannabis consumption, cannabis use disorder, and quality of life. Participants answered open-ended questions about the negative, positive, and spiritual impact/s of cannabis on their life and health, and how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their cannabis use. A paired-sample t-test indicated participants significantly found more relief using cannabis compared to non-cannabis treatments or medications. There was no significant correlation between quality of life and cannabis use disorder symptoms. Inductive content analysis of 112 written responses revealed perceived negative effects (e.g., anxiety/mental health issues) and positive effects (e.g., relaxation/stress reduction) from using cannabis. Most participants reported no spiritual benefits; however, some participants discussed cannabis use improving connection to self and self-awareness. Regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on use, most participants (27.8%) reported increased cannabis use, while some reported decreased cannabis use. These findings reflect the importance of understanding the wide-range of benefits and risks perceived by college students who consume cannabis and how these results can inform the development of university prevention and wellness strategies within states that have legalized recreational and medical cannabis.