Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior最新文献

{"title":"Gadolinium- and water-based blood-brain barrier dysfunction measures in patients with sporadic small vessel disease","authors":"Michael S Stringer ,&nbsp;Xingfeng Shao ,&nbsp;Hedok Lee ,&nbsp;Antoine Vallatos ,&nbsp;Carmen Arteaga-Reyes ,&nbsp;Una Clancy ,&nbsp;Francesca Chappell ,&nbsp;Cameron Manning ,&nbsp;Maria Valdes-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Daniela Jaime Garcia ,&nbsp;Rosalind Brown ,&nbsp;Fergus N Doubal ,&nbsp;Helene Benveniste ,&nbsp;Michael J Thrippleton ,&nbsp;Danny JJ Wang ,&nbsp;Joanna M Wardlaw ,&nbsp;Mild Stroke Study 3 study group","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Subtle blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage has been detected in small vessel disease (SVD). While established methods rely on gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA), diffusion-weighted arterial spin labelling (DW-ASL) is a promising alternative which assesses water exchange rate (<em>k_w</em>) without injected contrast. However, DW-ASL has not been widely applied in sporadic SVD. We aimed to determine how <em>k_w</em> varied with GBCA BBB leakage measures, baseline and 1-year change in SVD burden.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited patients with mild ischaemic stroke (lacunar or cortical) all characterised for SVD features. We assessed <em>k_w</em> using DW-ASL and GBCA measures of BBB leakage (permeability-surface area product (<em>PS</em>), blood plasma volume and exchange rate of GBCA) using dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI. We used separate linear regression models to assess how <em>k_w</em> varied with GBCA-derived metrics, baseline and 1-year change in WMH volume in co-variate-adjusted analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 24 with complete MRI (61±10 years; 71% male). Patients with higher <em>k_w</em> tended to have more severe baseline SVD (e.g. subcortical grey matter (SGM): B=14.59 min^-1/%WMH volume, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=-1.00,28.18, p=0.04) and greater 1-year increase (B=0.0013 %WMH volume increase/min^-1, 95%CI=-0.0001, 0.0026, p=0.06). We generally found <em>k_w</em> and GBCA BBB leakage measures were not meaningfully associated (e.g. SGM <em>k_w</em>∼<em>PS</em>: B=-0.23 min^-1/10^-4 min^-1, 95%CI=-7.47, 7.01, p=0.95).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BBB water exchange estimated using DW-ASL tended to be greater with higher WMH burden and progression, suggesting <em>k_w</em> may be a sensitive measure of BBB dysfunction in SVD. However, non-concordance between <em>k_w</em> and GBCA metrics suggests the two methods probe different aspects of BBB function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-dependent association between cardiovascular health and cognitive function in chinese older adults: a community based cohort study","authors":"Bowen Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Zeng ,&nbsp;Virginia Byers Kraus ,&nbsp;Xin Gao ,&nbsp;Jixiang Ma ,&nbsp;Xuemei Bai ,&nbsp;Jun Na ,&nbsp;Wei Zhe ,&nbsp;Zhaoxue Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the gender-dependent association of cardiovascular health, assessed by Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), with cognitive function in Chinese older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Logistic regression was used to explore the relationships between LE8 scores and incident cognitive impairment as well as cognitive decline. Gender differences were examined by subgroup analyses. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to assess the mean difference of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores across LE8 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on logistic regression, LE8 scores were inversely correlated with prevalence of baseline cognitive impairment (<em>OR</em> = 0.49, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.30,0.84). Higher LE8 scores were associated with reduced risk of incident cognitive impairment among participants with normal cognition at baseline (<em>OR</em> = 0.56, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.31,0.99), although there was no significant relationship between high LE8 scores and cognitive decline. Based on subgroup analyses, there was a significant gender-based association of LE8 with incident cognitive impairment (<em>P</em> = 0.022), but not with cognitive decline (<em>P</em> = 0.424). In the female subgroup, higher LE8 scores were associated with low risk of incident cognitive impairment (<em>OR</em> = 0.29, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.13,0.64). Based on GLM analysis, the adjusted mean MMSE score of the high LE8 group was higher than that of the low LE8 group among all participants with follow-up (adjusted mean difference = 0.44, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.03,0.85); similar results were observed among those with normal cognition at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A higher LE8 score was significantly associated with better cognitive function in Chinese female but not male older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The international society of vascular behavioural and cognitive disorders: highlights from VasCog 2025 in the UK.","authors":"Anna Marseglia ,&nbsp;Roxana O. Carare ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Teeling ,&nbsp;Saima Hilal ,&nbsp;Vera Yuan Cai ,&nbsp;Russell Chander ,&nbsp;Hugues Chabriat ,&nbsp;Deborah Gustafson ,&nbsp;Atticus H. Hainsworth ,&nbsp;Gurpreet Kaur Hansra ,&nbsp;Sarah-Naomi James ,&nbsp;Audrey Low ,&nbsp;Julie Ottoy ,&nbsp;Satoshi Saito ,&nbsp;Annemieke ter Telgte ,&nbsp;Hilde van den Brink ,&nbsp;Frank J. Wolters ,&nbsp;Prashanthi Vemuri","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning retinal imaging model identifies poor brain health among older adults without dementia","authors":"Bonnie Yin Ka Lam ,&nbsp;An Ran Ran ,&nbsp;Yuan Cai ,&nbsp;Huijing Zheng ,&nbsp;Jize Wei ,&nbsp;Yuen Tung Ng ,&nbsp;Michael Ying Hong Chan ,&nbsp;Ha Ying Chiu ,&nbsp;Ho Ko ,&nbsp;Carol Y. Cheung ,&nbsp;Vincent Chung Tong Mok","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The i-Cog Brain Health is a validated deep learning model for differentiating Alzheimer’s disease dementia from cognitively unimpaired subjects based on retinal photographs. This study aimed to apply the i-Cog Brain Health in subjects without dementia and assess whether this tool may detect alterations in the retinal vessel network in healthy older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Community subjects were recruited from the BEAT AD (<strong>B</strong>rain Health <strong>E</strong>valuation <strong>A</strong>nd <strong>T</strong>ailor-made Measures for Prevention of <strong>A</strong>lzheimer’s <strong>D</strong>isease) service programme. Clinical data, vascular risk factors, lifestyle information and cognitive function were assessed. Tailor-made recommendations were provided to optimise risk factor control. Fundus photographs were obtained using the Topcon NW500 non-mydriatic retinal camera. Subjects were classified into positive or negative using i-Cog Brain Health based on quantitative measurements of retinal vessels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 185 subjects (mean age: 68.14 ± 5.17 years; males: 32.97%), 29 (15.68%) were classified as positive by i-Cog Brain Health. Those subjects were significantly older (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and had wider venular branching width (<em>p</em> = 0.008). Regression analyses showed the venule branching coefficient significantly predicted i-Cog Brain Health positive cases (OR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05–2.27, <em>p</em> = 0.027), after adjustments for age and mean arterial pressure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The i-Cog Brain Health reflected older age and wider venular branching width, which are associated with dementia. The i-Cog Brain Health showed the potential to differentiate retinal features associated with dementia at an early stage and serve as a risk stratification tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cerebrovascular reactivity impairment using resting-state BOLD MRI in symptomatic patients with unilateral intracranial artery occlusion","authors":"Yi Shan ,&nbsp;Ya-yan Yin ,&nbsp;Bi-xiao Cui ,&nbsp;Shao-zhen Yan ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Jie Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) is an independent predictor of poor prognosis for patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA)/internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. This study assessed CVR impairment using resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent (RS BOLD) MRI in this population and aimed to identify feasible pre-surgical markers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 45 patients with symptomatic unilateral MCA/ICA occlusion and 20 healthy controls. Of these, 16 underwent extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass with follow-up MRI. RS BOLD data were collected using a 3.0 T PET/MR system. Voxel-wise CVR maps were computed with a general linear model, and the mean CVR in the MCA perfusion territory was calculated. Interhemispheric CVR asymmetry index (CVR-AI) was assessed. Group differences were analyzed, and ROC analysis was used to evaluate CVR's diagnostic performance. Pearson correlation was used to assess relationships between baseline CVR and post-surgical changes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Affected-side CVR was significantly lower compared to the contralateral side and controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Individual analysis showed significant differences in the proportions of decreased, normal, and increased CVR between the affected and contralateral sides (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). CVR-AI showed high predictive efficiency for discriminating patients from controls (AUC = 0.762). Post-surgery, the affected-side CVR increased significantly, whereas CVR-AI decreased but remained higher than in controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Preoperative CVR-AI positively correlated with post-surgery affected-side CVR increase (<em>R</em> = 0.725) and CVR-AI decrease (<em>R</em> = 0.635).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study proposes CVR-AI as a novel imaging marker for pre-surgical evaluation in patients with unilateral intracranial arterial occlusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining patient-reported outcomes and priorities for clinical trials in CADASIL through an international survey","authors":"Nikolaos Karvelas ,&nbsp;Sheila Connor ,&nbsp;Andria Burroso ,&nbsp;Ki Coale ,&nbsp;Mariana Lemos Duarte ,&nbsp;Yuguang Xiong ,&nbsp;Liqhwa Ncube ,&nbsp;Claudia Kunney ,&nbsp;Debarag Banerjee ,&nbsp;Michael Kennedy ,&nbsp;Sarah McDaniels ,&nbsp;Pedro de Lencastre ,&nbsp;Jane Gunther ,&nbsp;Bert Kasiske ,&nbsp;Fanny M. Elahi","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A major challenge faced by clinical trials for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the heterogeneity of symptoms and variable progression pace, while treatments should attenuate symptoms that bother patients most. To this end, we set to describe the symptomatic landscape for CADASIL with the ultimate goal of developing Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) for clinical trials.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A survey was compiled through iterative consensus meetings between patients, family members, CADASIL clinicians, and patient advocacy group members (cureCADASIL). The final questionnaire included demographic information, subjective symptom severity ratings, medication use and lifestyle factors. Data were collected over a period of 16 months from 11/2023 to 3/2025 and analyzed through descriptive and quantitative methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We collected 226 responses from 25 countries. The average age of responders was 52 (SD 12) years, and 158 (69.9 %) identified as women. Out of all symptoms, fatigue was reported as the most frequent (86.3 %), and most bothersome (14.2 %). Symptom severity differed across age groups only for headaches, with younger participants reporting higher scores (Kruskal–Wallis χ² = 8.64, p = 0.03). All symptoms were intercorrelated, with strongest clustering among congruent categories such as slowed thinking, cognitive fog, and memory complaints (Spearman’s ρ ≥ 0.70, adjusted p &lt; 0.001). Medication use was widespread: 156 participants (69 %) reported prescription medications, 116 (51.3 %) over-the-counter drugs, and 128 (56.6 %) supplements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By identifying symptom domains most salient to patients, our study provides a foundation for the development of PRO tools in CADASIL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and vascular alterations of deep cervical lymph nodes in amyloid PET-positive Alzheimer's disease patients","authors":"Tae Hyung Kim ,&nbsp;Jin Geun Kwon ,&nbsp;Jimmy Sung-Chuan Chao ,&nbsp;Jae Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Changsik John Pak ,&nbsp;Hyunsuk Peter Suh ,&nbsp;Jae-Sung Lim ,&nbsp;Joon Pio Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Impaired clearance of brain-derived waste via the glymphatic–lymphatic system has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Although animal studies highlight the role of deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) in draining brain interstitial solutes, their characteristics in AD patients remain unknown. This study assessed structural and vascular alterations of dCLNs in AD using high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five patients with amyloid PET–positive AD and 25 age-matched cognitively normal controls underwent HFCDU of dCLNs at neck zone 2–5. Lymph node number, shape, morphology, vascularity (via Superb Microvascular Imaging, SMI), and Solbiati index were quantified. Between-group differences were analyzed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and a simplified diagnostic score was developed from discriminative features.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 482 lymph nodes were analyzed (210 from AD, 272 from controls). AD patients had fewer oval-shaped nodes (50% vs. 83%, p&lt;0.001), more irregular morphology (23% vs. 1%, p&lt;0.001), and less distinct internal structure (40% vs. 57%, p&lt;0.001). In Zone 5, they also had fewer nodes (2.4 ± 1.8 vs. 3.8 ± 2.6, p=0.034) and reduced SMI positivity (75% vs. 91%, p=0.006). The count of oval, moderately vascularized (SMI ≤7) nodes in Zone 5 best discriminated AD (AUC=0.79). A composite score integrating these parameters yielded AUC=0.81 (sensitivity 64%, specificity 84%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HFCDU demonstrated distinct morphological and vascular abnormalities of dCLNs in AD, particularly in Zone 5, suggesting impaired lymphatic drainage contributes to AD pathology and supporting lymphatic imaging as a potential biomarker for the failure of lymphatic drainage of the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating regional and global diffusion measures as biomarkers for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia","authors":"Sheelakumari Raghavan ,&nbsp;Scott A. Przybelski ,&nbsp;Robert I. Reid ,&nbsp;Michael G. Kamykowski ,&nbsp;Jonathan Graff-Radford ,&nbsp;Val J. Lowe ,&nbsp;David S. Knopman ,&nbsp;Clifford R. Jack Jr ,&nbsp;Ronald C. Petersen ,&nbsp;Prashanthi Vemuri","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has been proposed for quantifying early tissue changes in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We evaluated the regional dependance of predictors of white matter (WM) damage and compared the utility of longitudinal WM changes in the commonly available diffusion MRI measures for vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) prevention trials.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 718 participants (mean age: 71.1(9.6) years, 56 % males) with at least two dMRI scans, amyloid-PET, and structural imaging. We computed single-shell dMRI measures (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, free water, peak-width skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) and assessed: i) regional dependance of predictors of baseline WM damage using voxel-level analyses; ii) longitudinal associations between dMRI measures and cognition; and iii) sample size estimates for a hypothetical clinical trial considering the regional and global dMRI measures as markers for VCID. We also included white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and our recently proposed composite vascular WM score (combination of WMH and fractional anisotropy of the genu) as a comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vascular risk was consistently associated with dMRI changes in the genu of the corpus callosum. All SVD markers correlated with cognitive performance longitudinally. Global free water and the composite score provided the smallest sample size estimates, especially in participants with prevalent vascular disease (aged 70–89).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>dMRI markers had significant frontal lobe changes due to vascular risk and were sensitive to cognitive decline. The composite vascular WM score, global free water, and WMH emerged as promising VCID biomarkers, but further validation is needed in multiple populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of cerebral microbleeds with leaky blood brain barrier in traumatic brain injury and protective role of interferon-gamma: A cohort study","authors":"Xuan Vinh To ,&nbsp;Javier Urriola ,&nbsp;Viktor Vegh ,&nbsp;Patrick Donnelly ,&nbsp;Liam Maclachlan ,&nbsp;Kate Mahady ,&nbsp;Eduardo Miguel Apellaniz ,&nbsp;Ryan Lim ,&nbsp;Guido Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Ricardo Wenger ,&nbsp;Paul Cumming ,&nbsp;Craig Winter ,&nbsp;Fatima Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which present as foci of hypointensities on T2*-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are associated with weakened vessel walls. CMBs are also a frequent finding in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in association with poor outcome. We investigated whether a combination of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI could accurately identify characteristics of CMBs that are most relevant to TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Thirty TBI patients were recruited from a neurosurgical unit. We acquired structural three-dimensional T1-weighted, T2-weighted dark fluid, SWI, and DCE-MRI images on a 3T MRI. DCE-MRI data was fitted for a linear graphic (Patlak-Gjedde) model to calculate voxel-wise volume transfer constant (K^trans) maps. K^trans ranges of normal-appearing brain (NAB) areas were quantified and two sub-classes of CMBs—leaky and non-leaky CMBs—were identified. Characteristics and spatial distribution of the quantified imaging metrics and the immunological blood panel results were then compared across mild versus moderate–severe TBI groups, as classified by Glasgow Coma Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More severe TBI was associated with CMBs exhibiting leaky BBB as quantified by DCE-MRI. Higher blood levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were associated with lower number of CMBs in TBI patients at more than 8 days post-TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>combined DCE-MRI and SWI confirmed that CMBs with leaky BBBs are more prevalent in moderate-severe TBIs compared. Higher levels of IFN-γ appeared to have been associated with fewer CMBs in the sub-acute stage of TBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for post-stroke cognitive screening - the rationale behind the Hungarian adaptation of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) and its pilot study","authors":"Tímea Tünde Takács ,&nbsp;Judit Kárpáti ,&nbsp;Edina Szabó ,&nbsp;Károlyné Pálvölgyi ,&nbsp;Panna Pálinkás ,&nbsp;Orsolya Antal ,&nbsp;Júlia Baross ,&nbsp;Bernadett Bruckner ,&nbsp;Sam Webb ,&nbsp;Nele Demeyere ,&nbsp;Bence Gunda","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a frequent yet underdiagnosed consequence of stroke, with significant implications for quality of life, functional outcomes and long-term prognosis. Despite its importance, cognitive screening remains insufficiently integrated into post-stroke care protocols, particularly in Hungary.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to adapt and pilot the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) for Hungarian stroke patients, addressing the urgent need for a culturally and linguistically appropriate, stroke-specific cognitive screening tool that is freely available in Hungarian.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Hungarian adaptation followed a rigorous 11-step linguistic validation process, including cultural adaptation, forward and back translations, reviews, and pilot testing. Ten stroke patients at Semmelweis University were assessed using the adapted OCS within three weeks of symptom onset. Data on test performance, feasibility, and patient feedback were collected from 10 pilot patients and 6 examiners.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The adaptation and pilot testing process, completed in approximately three months, confirmed the usability of the tool, with most patients finding it engaging. The median number of impaired tasks was two. No major issues arose, and the tool was well received by both patients and examiners.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Hungarian version of the OCS offers a practical, user-friendly cognitive screening tool tailored for stroke patients. Its implementation could enhance early detection of PSCI, improve patient safety by supporting targeted rehabilitation, and ultimately contribute to better long-term outcomes. This initiative represents a foundational step toward integrating cognitive screening into stroke protocols in Hungary, addressing a significant gap in rehabilitation and healthcare equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}