Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2023.2196855
I. Geddes
‘Healthy Urbanism – Designing and planning equitable, sustainable and inclusive places’ is published by Palgrave Macmillan in the Planning, Environment and Cities Series. The series is aimed at students and practitioners of planning and related professions, including housing and architecture, politics, geography and urban studies, but this book in particular would be just as relevant to public health professionals. Approaches to healthy urbanism have never been more important, given the growing global health challenges associated with urbanisation and urban living; our understanding and appreciation of how the built environment impacts on both communicable and non-communicable diseases has grown and necessitates action. But there are huge challenges in ensuring that urban centres promote rather than degrade the mental and physical health of inhabitants. This book seeks to address a range of challenges, aiming to ‘define and describe healthy urbanism as an approach to design and planning that unites human health and well-being with the sustainability of environmental systems’. The author, Helen Pineo, is currently an Associate Professor in Healthy and Sustainable Cities at the Bartlett School of the Built Environment at University College London, UK. The book is the product of the author’s experience and knowledge from over a decade working in the area and much of the content centres on her empirical research and the development of the THRIVES (Towards Healthy uRbanism: InclusiVe, Equitable, Sustainable) framework. The framework illustrates health at three levels (local, ecosystem and planetary), across five geographical areas (region, city, district, neighbourhood and building) and a range of actions to improve the urban realm. Three cross-cutting considerations – sustainable, inclusive and equitable – run through actions across the health and geographical levels. The book is structured into nine chapters and begins with an introduction to healthy urbanism, outlining models of health and well-being, global population trends and some particular health challenges in cities. Chapter two then examines the shifting priorities for healthy places, beginning with the historical context of health and place, including health in ancient cities, and the rise of planning and other actions on the built environment as a key means of improving the health of urban populations. Following this background, the author considers the THRIVES framework in detail, linking this to systems thinking for urban health and the need to reframe healthy urbanism in response to developing knowledge and understanding of how urban centres impact on health. Subsequent chapters examine ecosystem health and local health at both the neighborhood and building scales. Following a chapter exploring issues regarding the practising of healthy urbanism, Pineo looks towards the future, concluding that ‘healthy urbanism should be pursued in transdisciplinary teams who are not only diverse in di
{"title":"Healthy cities? Design for well-being","authors":"I. Geddes","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2196855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2196855","url":null,"abstract":"‘Healthy Urbanism – Designing and planning equitable, sustainable and inclusive places’ is published by Palgrave Macmillan in the Planning, Environment and Cities Series. The series is aimed at students and practitioners of planning and related professions, including housing and architecture, politics, geography and urban studies, but this book in particular would be just as relevant to public health professionals. Approaches to healthy urbanism have never been more important, given the growing global health challenges associated with urbanisation and urban living; our understanding and appreciation of how the built environment impacts on both communicable and non-communicable diseases has grown and necessitates action. But there are huge challenges in ensuring that urban centres promote rather than degrade the mental and physical health of inhabitants. This book seeks to address a range of challenges, aiming to ‘define and describe healthy urbanism as an approach to design and planning that unites human health and well-being with the sustainability of environmental systems’. The author, Helen Pineo, is currently an Associate Professor in Healthy and Sustainable Cities at the Bartlett School of the Built Environment at University College London, UK. The book is the product of the author’s experience and knowledge from over a decade working in the area and much of the content centres on her empirical research and the development of the THRIVES (Towards Healthy uRbanism: InclusiVe, Equitable, Sustainable) framework. The framework illustrates health at three levels (local, ecosystem and planetary), across five geographical areas (region, city, district, neighbourhood and building) and a range of actions to improve the urban realm. Three cross-cutting considerations – sustainable, inclusive and equitable – run through actions across the health and geographical levels. The book is structured into nine chapters and begins with an introduction to healthy urbanism, outlining models of health and well-being, global population trends and some particular health challenges in cities. Chapter two then examines the shifting priorities for healthy places, beginning with the historical context of health and place, including health in ancient cities, and the rise of planning and other actions on the built environment as a key means of improving the health of urban populations. Following this background, the author considers the THRIVES framework in detail, linking this to systems thinking for urban health and the need to reframe healthy urbanism in response to developing knowledge and understanding of how urban centres impact on health. Subsequent chapters examine ecosystem health and local health at both the neighborhood and building scales. Following a chapter exploring issues regarding the practising of healthy urbanism, Pineo looks towards the future, concluding that ‘healthy urbanism should be pursued in transdisciplinary teams who are not only diverse in di","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"693 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86605521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2023.2188636
T. Miyagawa, N. Otsuka, H. Abe
ABSTRACT Over the past 18 years, policies for Healthy Cities have been introduced in Japan to promote public health and provide ample green spaces through the collaborative efforts of various sections of Japan’s local governments. These efforts have been directed at such matters as the health of city residents, grounds maintenance, sport, and community development in both plan-making and implementation, and share the common goal of creating more green spaces. In this study, we reviewed policies for Green Structure Plans in coordination with Health Promotion Plans and policies for Healthy Cities in six Japanese cities, and assessed the role of policies for Healthy Cities in supporting and promoting green spaces and policies for planning green spaces in these cities. We found that the integrated planning of public health and the provision of sufficient green spaces, particularly in disadvantaged city areas, can produce significant improvements in the quality of the environment. We also determined the city size that is best suited to cross-sectional collaboration for policy development and implementation in the planning process.
{"title":"Green space creation and utilization in coordination with policies for Healthy Cities in Japan","authors":"T. Miyagawa, N. Otsuka, H. Abe","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2188636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2188636","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past 18 years, policies for Healthy Cities have been introduced in Japan to promote public health and provide ample green spaces through the collaborative efforts of various sections of Japan’s local governments. These efforts have been directed at such matters as the health of city residents, grounds maintenance, sport, and community development in both plan-making and implementation, and share the common goal of creating more green spaces. In this study, we reviewed policies for Green Structure Plans in coordination with Health Promotion Plans and policies for Healthy Cities in six Japanese cities, and assessed the role of policies for Healthy Cities in supporting and promoting green spaces and policies for planning green spaces in these cities. We found that the integrated planning of public health and the provision of sufficient green spaces, particularly in disadvantaged city areas, can produce significant improvements in the quality of the environment. We also determined the city size that is best suited to cross-sectional collaboration for policy development and implementation in the planning process.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"21 1","pages":"854 - 874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84394843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2023.2178091
M. Davern, A. Both, Katherine B Murray, R. Roberts, Fadhillah Norzahari
ABSTRACT Urbanisation is occurring globally and rapidly with potential to compromise the development of sustainable, liveable and healthy cities. Urban observatories have also existed for many years addressing a range of relevant urban issues. These observatories provide a unique method to translate research into practice, support evidence-informed policy and planning, target actions of the sustainable development goals, address spatially based health inequities and improve the liveability of cities. This paper provides an analysis of the Australian Urban Observatory, a digital liveability planning platform using urban analytics to observe and enhance understanding of liveability inequities in Australian cities that is linked to policy and planning. The analysis aims to share learnings about development of the Australian Urban Observatory, including the conceptual framework of liveability, planning tools, and the resulting impact in policy and planning applications. This is the first urban observatory in Australia that will continue to expand and develop over time, supporting urban governance, democratic process and creating real world policy impact through partnership between academia, government, industry and the community.
{"title":"Liveability research creating real world impact: connecting urban planning and public health through the Australian Urban Observatory","authors":"M. Davern, A. Both, Katherine B Murray, R. Roberts, Fadhillah Norzahari","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2178091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2178091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urbanisation is occurring globally and rapidly with potential to compromise the development of sustainable, liveable and healthy cities. Urban observatories have also existed for many years addressing a range of relevant urban issues. These observatories provide a unique method to translate research into practice, support evidence-informed policy and planning, target actions of the sustainable development goals, address spatially based health inequities and improve the liveability of cities. This paper provides an analysis of the Australian Urban Observatory, a digital liveability planning platform using urban analytics to observe and enhance understanding of liveability inequities in Australian cities that is linked to policy and planning. The analysis aims to share learnings about development of the Australian Urban Observatory, including the conceptual framework of liveability, planning tools, and the resulting impact in policy and planning applications. This is the first urban observatory in Australia that will continue to expand and develop over time, supporting urban governance, democratic process and creating real world policy impact through partnership between academia, government, industry and the community.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"105 1","pages":"765 - 778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80909404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2023.2179215
M. Grant, Chris Coutts
SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by the urban environments we have created. For both human and planetary health, trends showing a current decline and ongoing risks are leading to increasing concern globally. It is imperative that finding solutions becomes a core focus for urban policy. This will require concerted action. The journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting a multidirectional flow of knowledge to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policymakers, communities and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of this section, and the short ‘City Know-how’ articles in the journal. The team Cities & Health and our knowledge partners (the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global) invite you to be part of these conversations, interact with their networks, authors and communities; and to consider publishing in Cities & Health to influence urban policy.
{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"M. Grant, Chris Coutts","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2179215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2179215","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by the urban environments we have created. For both human and planetary health, trends showing a current decline and ongoing risks are leading to increasing concern globally. It is imperative that finding solutions becomes a core focus for urban policy. This will require concerted action. The journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting a multidirectional flow of knowledge to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policymakers, communities and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of this section, and the short ‘City Know-how’ articles in the journal. The team Cities & Health and our knowledge partners (the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global) invite you to be part of these conversations, interact with their networks, authors and communities; and to consider publishing in Cities & Health to influence urban policy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"56 1","pages":"189 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89345640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2023.2176200
S. Milliken, Benz Kotzen, S. Walimbe, Christopher Coutts, T. Beatley
Biophilic design emerged at the beginning of the twenty-first century as an integral part of restorative environmental design, an approach that seeks to reestablish positive connections between nature and humanity in the built environment by minimizing damage to natural systems and human health (low environmental impact design), and by fostering positive experiences of nature in order to enrich the human mind, body and spirit (biophilic design) (Kellert 2005). Biophilic design is based on the theory that humans have an innate biological affinity for the natural environment (the biophilia hypothesis – Wilson 1984, 1993), and is informed by research on the restorative benefits of nature and psychoevolutionary theories of landscape preference. Kellert identified two basic dimensions of biophilic design: organic (or naturalistic) design involves the use of shapes and forms in buildings and landscapes that directly, indirectly, or symbolically elicit people’s inherent affinity for the natural environment, while vernacular (or place-based) design refers to buildings and landscapes that foster an attachment to place by connecting culture, history, and ecology within a geographic context (Kellert 2005, p. 5). Various frameworks have been developed in order to assist designers with the process of translating biophilia into the built environment by creating spaces that provide a connection to nature in order to enhance mental health and well-being (e.g. Kellert 2008, Browning et al. 2014, Kellert and Calabrese 2015). The frameworks are conceived as tools for understanding design opportunities at the building scale, by incorporating nature (e.g. plants, water) in the design of a space, using design features that evoke some aspects of nature – such as ornamentation, use of natural materials, and biomorphic forms – and using spatial configurations characteristic of the natural environment. The frameworks have been widely used to investigate biophilic design in a variety of different settings, including hospitals (Abdelaal and Soebarto 2019), dementia care homes (Peters and Verderber 2021), childcare facilities (Park and Lee 2019), primary schools (Ghaziani et al. 2021) and universities (Peters and D’Penna 2020), and have recently been incorporated in some of the main green building rating systems – such as LEED, LBC and WELL – as criteria for assessing the positive effect of building design on the health and well-being of the occupants.
亲生物设计作为恢复性环境设计的一个组成部分出现在21世纪初，这种方法旨在通过最大限度地减少对自然系统和人类健康的破坏(低环境影响设计)，并通过培养积极的自然体验来丰富人类的思想、身体和精神(亲生物设计)，在建筑环境中重建自然与人类之间的积极联系(Kellert 2005)。亲生物设计的理论基础是人类对自然环境具有天生的生物亲和性(亲生物假说- Wilson 1984,1993)，并通过对自然的恢复效益和景观偏好的心理进化理论的研究得到了启示。Kellert确定了亲生物设计的两个基本维度:有机(或自然主义)设计涉及在建筑和景观中使用形状和形式，直接、间接或象征性地引起人们对自然环境的内在亲和力，而乡土(或基于地点的)设计指的是通过在地理环境中连接文化、历史和生态来培养对地点的依恋的建筑和景观(Kellert 2005)。已经开发了各种框架，以帮助设计师通过创造与自然联系的空间，将生物爱好转化为建筑环境，以增强心理健康和福祉(例如Kellert 2008, Browning et al. 2014, Kellert and Calabrese 2015)。这些框架被认为是在建筑尺度上理解设计机会的工具，通过在空间设计中融入自然(如植物、水)，使用唤起自然某些方面的设计特征，如装饰、自然材料的使用和生物形态形式，并使用自然环境的空间配置特征。这些框架已被广泛用于研究各种不同环境下的亲生物设计，包括医院(Abdelaal和Soebarto 2019)、痴呆症养老院(Peters和Verderber 2021)、儿童保育设施(Park和Lee 2019)、小学(Ghaziani等人2021)和大学(Peters和D 'Penna 2020)，最近还被纳入了一些主要的绿色建筑评级系统，如LEED、LBC和WELL -作为评估建筑设计对居住者健康和福祉的积极影响的标准。
{"title":"Biophilic cities and health","authors":"S. Milliken, Benz Kotzen, S. Walimbe, Christopher Coutts, T. Beatley","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2176200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2176200","url":null,"abstract":"Biophilic design emerged at the beginning of the twenty-first century as an integral part of restorative environmental design, an approach that seeks to reestablish positive connections between nature and humanity in the built environment by minimizing damage to natural systems and human health (low environmental impact design), and by fostering positive experiences of nature in order to enrich the human mind, body and spirit (biophilic design) (Kellert 2005). Biophilic design is based on the theory that humans have an innate biological affinity for the natural environment (the biophilia hypothesis – Wilson 1984, 1993), and is informed by research on the restorative benefits of nature and psychoevolutionary theories of landscape preference. Kellert identified two basic dimensions of biophilic design: organic (or naturalistic) design involves the use of shapes and forms in buildings and landscapes that directly, indirectly, or symbolically elicit people’s inherent affinity for the natural environment, while vernacular (or place-based) design refers to buildings and landscapes that foster an attachment to place by connecting culture, history, and ecology within a geographic context (Kellert 2005, p. 5). Various frameworks have been developed in order to assist designers with the process of translating biophilia into the built environment by creating spaces that provide a connection to nature in order to enhance mental health and well-being (e.g. Kellert 2008, Browning et al. 2014, Kellert and Calabrese 2015). The frameworks are conceived as tools for understanding design opportunities at the building scale, by incorporating nature (e.g. plants, water) in the design of a space, using design features that evoke some aspects of nature – such as ornamentation, use of natural materials, and biomorphic forms – and using spatial configurations characteristic of the natural environment. The frameworks have been widely used to investigate biophilic design in a variety of different settings, including hospitals (Abdelaal and Soebarto 2019), dementia care homes (Peters and Verderber 2021), childcare facilities (Park and Lee 2019), primary schools (Ghaziani et al. 2021) and universities (Peters and D’Penna 2020), and have recently been incorporated in some of the main green building rating systems – such as LEED, LBC and WELL – as criteria for assessing the positive effect of building design on the health and well-being of the occupants.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"418 1","pages":"175 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78780170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2023.2178363
Lindsay J. McCunn, Karissa Sawyer, Taylor Shorting
ABSTRACT This case study is part of a project examining the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region – a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. We aimed to understand the extent to which individuals in six communities experience psychological variables linked to pro-social and pro-environmental outcomes, such as sense of place – comprised of place attachment, place identity, and place dependence – and nature-relatedness. We also explored how these attitudes relate to residents’ perceived views of, and walkable access to, nature. Overall, sense of place was neutral; nature relatedness and perceptions of views and access to nature were significantly stronger than sense of place. Although these two variables, as well as sense of place and perceptions of views and walkable access to nature correlated in the region on aggregate, significant associations were not revealed per community. Over 60% of responses to an open-ended item about physical features that contribute to sense of place concerned the natural environment – rather than social or built amenities. Municipal planners may capitalize on restorative effects that arise when community members form connections with nature, and concentrate funding or public engagement on trails, parks, and other natural features to bolster sense of place in coastal and mountainous communities.
{"title":"Associating sense of place and nature relatedness in the British Columbia Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region: a case study","authors":"Lindsay J. McCunn, Karissa Sawyer, Taylor Shorting","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2178363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2178363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This case study is part of a project examining the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region – a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. We aimed to understand the extent to which individuals in six communities experience psychological variables linked to pro-social and pro-environmental outcomes, such as sense of place – comprised of place attachment, place identity, and place dependence – and nature-relatedness. We also explored how these attitudes relate to residents’ perceived views of, and walkable access to, nature. Overall, sense of place was neutral; nature relatedness and perceptions of views and access to nature were significantly stronger than sense of place. Although these two variables, as well as sense of place and perceptions of views and walkable access to nature correlated in the region on aggregate, significant associations were not revealed per community. Over 60% of responses to an open-ended item about physical features that contribute to sense of place concerned the natural environment – rather than social or built amenities. Municipal planners may capitalize on restorative effects that arise when community members form connections with nature, and concentrate funding or public engagement on trails, parks, and other natural features to bolster sense of place in coastal and mountainous communities.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"5 1","pages":"744 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88617713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2023.2175410
Marie A. E. Mueller, Emily Midouhas, E. Flouri
ABSTRACT The evidence suggests a link between greenspace and adolescent mental health. One limitation is the typically crude measure of greenspace quantity or greenness. We explored the roles of different types of greenspace in the mental health of 10- to 15-year-old adolescents living in London, using data from Understanding Society, a UK household longitudinal study. We used data on 1,879 adolescents from waves 1-8 (2009-2018). As some adolescents had observations at multiple waves, 4,217 observations were included. Mental health and well-being measures were Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores, self-esteem, and happiness. Proportions of green land cover, parks & gardens, natural & semi-natural urban greenspaces, outdoor sports facilities, and total green land use were measured in 500 m around postcodes. We ran linear regressions, stratified by age, adjusted for confounders, and accounting for Understanding Society’s complex sampling design. We did not find consistent results across analyses, but we identified patterns worth exploring further: older adolescents (13-15 years) seemed to ‘benefit’ more from greenspace than younger adolescents (10-12 years); and parks & gardens and outdoor sports facilities seemed to be most ‘beneficial’. Overall, however, no clear conclusions can be drawn, and findings need to be confirmed in future studies.
{"title":"Types of greenspace and adolescent mental health and well-being in metropolitan London","authors":"Marie A. E. Mueller, Emily Midouhas, E. Flouri","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2175410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2175410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The evidence suggests a link between greenspace and adolescent mental health. One limitation is the typically crude measure of greenspace quantity or greenness. We explored the roles of different types of greenspace in the mental health of 10- to 15-year-old adolescents living in London, using data from Understanding Society, a UK household longitudinal study. We used data on 1,879 adolescents from waves 1-8 (2009-2018). As some adolescents had observations at multiple waves, 4,217 observations were included. Mental health and well-being measures were Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores, self-esteem, and happiness. Proportions of green land cover, parks & gardens, natural & semi-natural urban greenspaces, outdoor sports facilities, and total green land use were measured in 500 m around postcodes. We ran linear regressions, stratified by age, adjusted for confounders, and accounting for Understanding Society’s complex sampling design. We did not find consistent results across analyses, but we identified patterns worth exploring further: older adolescents (13-15 years) seemed to ‘benefit’ more from greenspace than younger adolescents (10-12 years); and parks & gardens and outdoor sports facilities seemed to be most ‘beneficial’. Overall, however, no clear conclusions can be drawn, and findings need to be confirmed in future studies.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"26 1","pages":"378 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80046661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-23DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2022.2158769
Christopher Giamarino, P. O’Connor, Indigo Willing
ABSTRACT Skateboarding is a popular form of active transportation and recreation that reinterprets the use of public obstacles like stairs, rails, and planters for play. Through active leisure, skateboarding provides physiological, social, and emotional benefits. However, cities regulate and design out the activity through legal and architectural interventions, citing injury liability, property damage, and nuisance as justifications. In this paper, we focus on the impacts of hostile architecture and urban design in restricting skateboarding, and thus reducing opportunities to engage in cardiovascular exercise. While hostile designs target populations like unhoused people from using public space, there is little evidence of their effects on skateboarding in universities. Therefore, this paper comparatively analyses the extent of hostile designs and their impacts on skateboarding as a novel form of physical activity in three public universities in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Comparing photographs and autoethnographic accounts, we argue campuses disproportionately target skateboarding for exclusion. We find that exclusion is legitimized through temporary events and safety and damage concerns. Given the health benefits of skateboarding, we recommend skate-friendly interventions that address these concerns, create shared campus space, and reimagine universities as inclusive places for all modes of active transportation and recreation.
{"title":"The impacts of hostile designs on skateboarding as a form of active transportation and recreation: comparing perspectives from public university spaces in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States","authors":"Christopher Giamarino, P. O’Connor, Indigo Willing","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2158769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2158769","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Skateboarding is a popular form of active transportation and recreation that reinterprets the use of public obstacles like stairs, rails, and planters for play. Through active leisure, skateboarding provides physiological, social, and emotional benefits. However, cities regulate and design out the activity through legal and architectural interventions, citing injury liability, property damage, and nuisance as justifications. In this paper, we focus on the impacts of hostile architecture and urban design in restricting skateboarding, and thus reducing opportunities to engage in cardiovascular exercise. While hostile designs target populations like unhoused people from using public space, there is little evidence of their effects on skateboarding in universities. Therefore, this paper comparatively analyses the extent of hostile designs and their impacts on skateboarding as a novel form of physical activity in three public universities in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Comparing photographs and autoethnographic accounts, we argue campuses disproportionately target skateboarding for exclusion. We find that exclusion is legitimized through temporary events and safety and damage concerns. Given the health benefits of skateboarding, we recommend skate-friendly interventions that address these concerns, create shared campus space, and reimagine universities as inclusive places for all modes of active transportation and recreation.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"6 1","pages":"416 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88103836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02Epub Date: 2021-04-22DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2021.1908794
Ana Ortigoza, Ariela Braverman, Philipp Hessel, Vanessa Di Cecco, Amélia Augusta Friche, Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Ana V Diez Roux
Levels of women's empowerment (WE) can contribute to differences in infant mortality rates (IMRs) across cities. We used a cross-sectional multilevel study to examine associations of WE with IMRs across 286 cities in seven Latin American countries. We estimated IMRs for 2014-2016 period and combined city socioeconomic indicators into factors reflecting living conditions and service provision. WE was operationalized: (1) in cities, by using scores for women's labor force participation (WLFP) and educational attainment among women derived from education and employment indicators disaggregated by sex; (2) in countries, by including a scale of enforcements of laws related to women's rights. We estimated adjusted percent differences in IMRs associated with higher WE scores across all cities and stratified by country GDP. We found substantial heterogeneity in IMRs and WE across cities. Higher WLFP was associated with lower IMRs. Higher women's educational attainment was associated with lower IMRs only in cities from countries with lower GDP. Poorer national enforcement of laws protecting women's rights was associated with higher IMRs in all countries. Women's empowerment could have positive implications for population health. Fostering women's socioeconomic development and girls' education should be part of strategies to reduce IMRs in cities of Global South.
妇女赋权水平（WE）可导致不同城市间婴儿死亡率（IMRs）的差异。我们利用一项横截面多层次研究，考察了七个拉美国家 286 个城市中妇女赋权与婴儿死亡率之间的关联。我们估算了 2014-2016 年期间的婴儿死亡率，并将城市社会经济指标合并为反映生活条件和服务提供的因素。WE的操作方法是：（1）在城市中，使用女性劳动力参与率（WLFP）和女性受教育程度的分数，这些分数来自按性别分列的教育和就业指标；（2）在国家中，包括与妇女权利相关的法律执行情况的量表。我们估算了所有城市中与较高 WE 分数相关的调整后 IMRs 百分比差异，并按国家 GDP 进行了分层。我们发现，各城市的 IMR 和 WE 存在很大的异质性。WLFP 越高，IMR 越低。只有在国内生产总值较低国家的城市中，女性受教育程度越高，综合死亡率越低。在所有国家，保护妇女权利的法律执行不力与较高的妇女死亡率有关。妇女赋权可对人口健康产生积极影响。促进妇女的社会经济发展和女童教育应成为全球南部城市降低婴儿死亡率战略的一部分。
{"title":"Women's empowerment and infant mortality in Latin America: evidence from 286 cities.","authors":"Ana Ortigoza, Ariela Braverman, Philipp Hessel, Vanessa Di Cecco, Amélia Augusta Friche, Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Ana V Diez Roux","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2021.1908794","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23748834.2021.1908794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Levels of women's empowerment (WE) can contribute to differences in infant mortality rates (IMRs) across cities. We used a cross-sectional multilevel study to examine associations of WE with IMRs across 286 cities in seven Latin American countries. We estimated IMRs for 2014-2016 period and combined city socioeconomic indicators into factors reflecting living conditions and service provision. WE was operationalized: (1) in cities, by using scores for women's labor force participation (WLFP) and educational attainment among women derived from education and employment indicators disaggregated by sex; (2) in countries, by including a scale of enforcements of laws related to women's rights. We estimated adjusted percent differences in IMRs associated with higher WE scores across all cities and stratified by country GDP. We found substantial heterogeneity in IMRs and WE across cities. Higher WLFP was associated with lower IMRs. Higher women's educational attainment was associated with lower IMRs only in cities from countries with lower GDP. Poorer national enforcement of laws protecting women's rights was associated with higher IMRs in all countries. Women's empowerment could have positive implications for population health. Fostering women's socioeconomic development and girls' education should be part of strategies to reduce IMRs in cities of Global South.</p>","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"7 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9363656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2022.2148927
M. Grant, O. Sarmiento
SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by city lifestyles, city leadership, and city development. For both, worrying trends have lead to increasing concern, and it is imperative that these become core foci for urban policy. This will require concerted action; the journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting the flow of knowledge, in all directions, to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. This is the core purpose of the City Know-how section of the journal. We, and our knowledge partners, the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global invite you to join these conversations with the authors and communities directly, and also we hope by publishing in Cities & Health.
{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"M. Grant, O. Sarmiento","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2148927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2148927","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by city lifestyles, city leadership, and city development. For both, worrying trends have lead to increasing concern, and it is imperative that these become core foci for urban policy. This will require concerted action; the journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting the flow of knowledge, in all directions, to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. This is the core purpose of the City Know-how section of the journal. We, and our knowledge partners, the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global invite you to join these conversations with the authors and communities directly, and also we hope by publishing in Cities & Health.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"43 1","pages":"9 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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