Though the theme of System Engineering is integration, and it is normal to attempt in integration to ignore the lines between disciplines, there are distinct characteristics of the mechanical design portion of any major system design project that make this difficult. How these characteristics compound the difficulty of integration is discussed and means to minimize the associated obstacles are suggested.
{"title":"Why Mechanical Subsystems Are Difficult to Integrate","authors":"D. Segalman, K. Ortiz, J. Wesner","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0872","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Though the theme of System Engineering is integration, and it is normal to attempt in integration to ignore the lines between disciplines, there are distinct characteristics of the mechanical design portion of any major system design project that make this difficult. How these characteristics compound the difficulty of integration is discussed and means to minimize the associated obstacles are suggested.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79471150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is about ways of visualizing and achieving harmonious balance between technical and managerial considerations with regard to environmental aspects of the design of complex systems. Environmental considerations strongly involve GeoSpatial Technology (GST) in the overall Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of a total Product Realization Process (PRP). Hence, GST is a critical Emerging Technology essential for competitiveness and sustainable development in a global economy. Human dimensions of sustainable development are discussed as part of Total Productivity Management (TPM), and it is shown that certain aspects of the so-called “reengineering revolution” are not robust in the sense of Taguchi (and therefore are not sustainable). The concept of profit is discussed, and management considerations for maximizing corporate profit are examined through use of Kistler’s Productivity Gain Function (PGF) or Generalized Productivity Gain Function (GPGF) to account for numerous complex issues.
{"title":"Balancing Management and Technical Considerations for Environmentally Responsible Engineering","authors":"E. Kistler","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0875","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is about ways of visualizing and achieving harmonious balance between technical and managerial considerations with regard to environmental aspects of the design of complex systems. Environmental considerations strongly involve GeoSpatial Technology (GST) in the overall Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of a total Product Realization Process (PRP). Hence, GST is a critical Emerging Technology essential for competitiveness and sustainable development in a global economy. Human dimensions of sustainable development are discussed as part of Total Productivity Management (TPM), and it is shown that certain aspects of the so-called “reengineering revolution” are not robust in the sense of Taguchi (and therefore are not sustainable). The concept of profit is discussed, and management considerations for maximizing corporate profit are examined through use of Kistler’s Productivity Gain Function (PGF) or Generalized Productivity Gain Function (GPGF) to account for numerous complex issues.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85054314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advent of Direct Broadcast Satellites requires the associated development of origination facilities supporting hundreds of viewer channels. Such facilities use highly automated, fault tolerant control systems to facilitate cost-effective staffing levels and the flexibility to support services that are only now evolving. We summarize the capabilities and architecture of two such facilities that are among the largest in the world: the more than 175 channel DIRECTV® Castle Rock Broadcast Center (CRBC) servicing the continental United States from Colorado, and the 72 channel DIRECTV International Inc. California Broadcast Center in Long Beach servicing Latin America and the Caribbean. For program transmission, these services use the latest, high-powered Hughes Kuband communication satellites. For program playback, each plant uses relatively conventional digital tape-based technology. Two factors make the program playout operations unique. First, their extreme size and scope. Second, all the resources in the plant are sharable and schedulable among different viewer channels to assure the plant can adapt to the services demanded by their evolving market. Some “lessons learned” are then discussed as suggestions to aid future product and facility developments.
{"title":"Extremely Large Scale Broadcast Facilities","authors":"J. T. Karam","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0881","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The advent of Direct Broadcast Satellites requires the associated development of origination facilities supporting hundreds of viewer channels. Such facilities use highly automated, fault tolerant control systems to facilitate cost-effective staffing levels and the flexibility to support services that are only now evolving.\u0000 We summarize the capabilities and architecture of two such facilities that are among the largest in the world: the more than 175 channel DIRECTV® Castle Rock Broadcast Center (CRBC) servicing the continental United States from Colorado, and the 72 channel DIRECTV International Inc. California Broadcast Center in Long Beach servicing Latin America and the Caribbean. For program transmission, these services use the latest, high-powered Hughes Kuband communication satellites. For program playback, each plant uses relatively conventional digital tape-based technology. Two factors make the program playout operations unique. First, their extreme size and scope. Second, all the resources in the plant are sharable and schedulable among different viewer channels to assure the plant can adapt to the services demanded by their evolving market. Some “lessons learned” are then discussed as suggestions to aid future product and facility developments.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85648390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we define a “top down” systems engineering process that is driven by customer requirements, and which results in vehicle products that meet those requirements. This process is intended to effectively deal with the complexity of modern automotive systems. To implement the systems engineering paradigm, an approach that integrates functional product requirements with physical realizations, i.e., math-based synthesis is introduced. Synthesis and analysis are shown to be key to being able to define, design, and validate vehicles, vehicle subsystems and components, and processes to meet their physical and functional requirements simultaneously. This involves the utilization of mathematical models at a variety of levels of detail, and of multi-disciplinary computer based methods, e.g., computer-aided engineering (CAE). Examples of the application and benefits of the use of synthesis and analysis are shown throughout the automotive vehicle development process. The approach presented leads to shorter product development cycles at reduced cost, less prototype hardware builds, and superior quality and value for the customer.
{"title":"The Role of Synthesis, Analysis, and Simulation in Engineering a Complex System: The Automotive Vehicle","authors":"David Chang, S. Rohde","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0882","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper we define a “top down” systems engineering process that is driven by customer requirements, and which results in vehicle products that meet those requirements. This process is intended to effectively deal with the complexity of modern automotive systems. To implement the systems engineering paradigm, an approach that integrates functional product requirements with physical realizations, i.e., math-based synthesis is introduced. Synthesis and analysis are shown to be key to being able to define, design, and validate vehicles, vehicle subsystems and components, and processes to meet their physical and functional requirements simultaneously. This involves the utilization of mathematical models at a variety of levels of detail, and of multi-disciplinary computer based methods, e.g., computer-aided engineering (CAE). Examples of the application and benefits of the use of synthesis and analysis are shown throughout the automotive vehicle development process. The approach presented leads to shorter product development cycles at reduced cost, less prototype hardware builds, and superior quality and value for the customer.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"47 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79504966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The engineering discipline has evolved in the last decade in response to market pressure and technological changes.
在过去的十年中，为了应对市场压力和技术变革，工程学科得到了发展。
{"title":"Engineering Systems: An Industry and Product View Point","authors":"K. Tran","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0883","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The engineering discipline has evolved in the last decade in response to market pressure and technological changes.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75314106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A miniature gas chromatography (GC) system has been designed, fabricated and developed using modem silicon micromachining and VLSI circuit processing techniques. The GC system is composed of a miniature sample injector that incorporates a 10 μ1 sample loop; a 0.9 m long, rectangular-shaped (300 μm width and 10 μm height) capillary column coated with a 0.2 μm thick copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) stationary phase; and a dual-detector scheme based upon a CuPc-coated chemiresistor and a commercially available, 125-μm diameter thermal conductivity detector (TCD) bead. Silicon micromachining was employed to fabricate the interface between the sample injector and the GC system’s column, the GC system’s column itself, and the dual-detector cavity. A novel integrated circuit thin film processing technique was developed to sublime the CuPc stationary phase coating on the GC system’s column walls micromachined in the host silicon wafer substrate and the Pyrex® cover plate which are subsequently electrostatically bonded together. The CuPc-coated chemiresistor was designed and fabricated using conventional VLSI circuit processing techniques. The miniature GC system has demonstrated the capability to directly and completely separate parts-per-million (ppm) ammonia and nitrogen dioxide concentrations when isothermally operated (55–80°C). With a helium carrier gas and nitrogen diluent, a 10 μl sample volume containing ammonia and nitrogen dioxide injected at 40 psi can be separated in less than 30 minutes.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of the Fundamental Components Integrated to Realize a Functional Silicon Micromachined Gas Chromatography System","authors":"E. Kolesar, R. Reston","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0869","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A miniature gas chromatography (GC) system has been designed, fabricated and developed using modem silicon micromachining and VLSI circuit processing techniques. The GC system is composed of a miniature sample injector that incorporates a 10 μ1 sample loop; a 0.9 m long, rectangular-shaped (300 μm width and 10 μm height) capillary column coated with a 0.2 μm thick copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) stationary phase; and a dual-detector scheme based upon a CuPc-coated chemiresistor and a commercially available, 125-μm diameter thermal conductivity detector (TCD) bead. Silicon micromachining was employed to fabricate the interface between the sample injector and the GC system’s column, the GC system’s column itself, and the dual-detector cavity. A novel integrated circuit thin film processing technique was developed to sublime the CuPc stationary phase coating on the GC system’s column walls micromachined in the host silicon wafer substrate and the Pyrex® cover plate which are subsequently electrostatically bonded together. The CuPc-coated chemiresistor was designed and fabricated using conventional VLSI circuit processing techniques. The miniature GC system has demonstrated the capability to directly and completely separate parts-per-million (ppm) ammonia and nitrogen dioxide concentrations when isothermally operated (55–80°C). With a helium carrier gas and nitrogen diluent, a 10 μl sample volume containing ammonia and nitrogen dioxide injected at 40 psi can be separated in less than 30 minutes.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76900360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of the engineer in society is rapidly changing. Advances in such areas as manufacturing, transportation, infrastructure systems, materials, communications, and high performance computing have introduced new demands, opportunities, and challenges for engineers. What was a solitary endeavor at a computer, a drafting table, or a work site, has become a team activity. Today’s industry requires engineers with diverse interdisciplinary skills, a total systems viewpoint, entrepreneurial acumen, and an understanding of global forces in the marketplace. Above all, today’s engineers are expected to support and enhance our way of life by synthesizing increasingly complex engineering systems using methods that are socially, economically, and environmentally responsible.
{"title":"A Curriculum for Engineering Systems","authors":"R. Shoureshi, J. Gosink, N. Middleton","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0868","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The role of the engineer in society is rapidly changing. Advances in such areas as manufacturing, transportation, infrastructure systems, materials, communications, and high performance computing have introduced new demands, opportunities, and challenges for engineers. What was a solitary endeavor at a computer, a drafting table, or a work site, has become a team activity. Today’s industry requires engineers with diverse interdisciplinary skills, a total systems viewpoint, entrepreneurial acumen, and an understanding of global forces in the marketplace. Above all, today’s engineers are expected to support and enhance our way of life by synthesizing increasingly complex engineering systems using methods that are socially, economically, and environmentally responsible.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82495474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, the development of high technology spacecraft for the U.S. Government has been a relatively long duration, high cost activity. A step by step serial process from concept development through manufacturing and test was carefully followed with voluminous documentation, rigorous reviews at each major milestone, and a thorough test and independent quality check of each component and assembly produced. This process has evolved over many years because successful first time operation is so critical. With spacecraft, there is no second chance after a failure. Before the relatively recent emergence of a commercial spacecraft market, the only customers were the U.S. Government (DoD and NASA) who indirectly controlled the development process to insure that technical performance has always been the top priority with cost and schedule significantly lower in importance.
{"title":"Developing High Technology Spacecraft in a Severely Cost Constrained Environment","authors":"E. Euler","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0880","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Traditionally, the development of high technology spacecraft for the U.S. Government has been a relatively long duration, high cost activity. A step by step serial process from concept development through manufacturing and test was carefully followed with voluminous documentation, rigorous reviews at each major milestone, and a thorough test and independent quality check of each component and assembly produced. This process has evolved over many years because successful first time operation is so critical. With spacecraft, there is no second chance after a failure. Before the relatively recent emergence of a commercial spacecraft market, the only customers were the U.S. Government (DoD and NASA) who indirectly controlled the development process to insure that technical performance has always been the top priority with cost and schedule significantly lower in importance.","PeriodicalId":72652,"journal":{"name":"Complex engineering systems (Alhambra, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88304256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：