A cascaded H-bridge based pulse generator for transcranial magnetic stimulation is introduced. The system demonstrates complete flexibility for producing different shape, duration, direction, and rate of repetition of stimulus pulses within its electrical limits, and can emulate all commercial and research systems available to-date in this application space. An offline model predictive control algorithm, used to generate pulses and sequences, shows superior performance compared to conventional carrier-based pulse width modulation. A fully functioning laboratory prototype delivers up to 1.5 kV, 6 kA pulses, and is ready to be used as a research tool for the exploration of transcranial magnetic stimulation therapies by leveraging the many degrees-of-freedom offered by the design.
本文介绍了一种基于级联 H 桥的经颅磁刺激脉冲发生器。该系统具有完全的灵活性，可在其电气限制范围内产生不同形状、持续时间、方向和重复率的刺激脉冲，并可模拟该应用领域迄今可用的所有商业和研究系统。用于产生脉冲和序列的离线模型预测控制算法与传统的基于载波的脉宽调制相比，显示出卓越的性能。功能齐全的实验室原型可提供高达 1.5 kV、6 kA 的脉冲，并可作为研究工具，利用设计提供的多种自由度探索经颅磁刺激疗法。
{"title":"xTMS: A Pulse Generator for Exploring Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapies.","authors":"Kawsar Ali, Karen Wendt, Majid Memarian Sorkhabi, Moaad Benjaber, Timothy Denison, Daniel J Rogers","doi":"10.1109/APEC43580.2023.10131554","DOIUrl":"10.1109/APEC43580.2023.10131554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cascaded H-bridge based pulse generator for transcranial magnetic stimulation is introduced. The system demonstrates complete flexibility for producing different shape, duration, direction, and rate of repetition of stimulus pulses within its electrical limits, and can emulate all commercial and research systems available to-date in this application space. An offline model predictive control algorithm, used to generate pulses and sequences, shows superior performance compared to conventional carrier-based pulse width modulation. A fully functioning laboratory prototype delivers up to 1.5 kV, 6 kA pulses, and is ready to be used as a research tool for the exploration of transcranial magnetic stimulation therapies by leveraging the many degrees-of-freedom offered by the design.</p>","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9709987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01Epub Date: 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487352
Congbo Bao, Sudip K Mazumder
To power electrosurgery, a very-high-frequency AC inverter (VHFI) is required. In this paper, a full-bridge based VHFI is proposed to enable electrosurgery. Its high-frequency output generating mechanism and the high order filter design are explained. To check the feasibility of the proposed VHFI, a 300 W Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors (GaN HEMT) based experimental setup with 390 kHz output frequency, has been designed and implemented. Experimental efficiency and total harmonic distortion (THD) results are graphed for pure cutting mode. It turns out that maximum THD is less than 2.5% for the proposed VHFI. Further, recurring and burst experiment results are provided for blend cutting mode and coagulation mode, respectively. The experiment results show that the proposed VHFI has extreme fast-responding time for both blend cutting and coagulation mode, and crest factor is about 21 for coagulation mode. All experiment results together validate the feasibility of the proposed VHFI and also verify its capability of supporting different load values under different clinical modes.
{"title":"GaN-HEMT Based Very-High-Frequency AC Power Supply for Electrosurgery.","authors":"Congbo Bao, Sudip K Mazumder","doi":"10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To power electrosurgery, a very-high-frequency AC inverter (VHFI) is required. In this paper, a full-bridge based VHFI is proposed to enable electrosurgery. Its high-frequency output generating mechanism and the high order filter design are explained. To check the feasibility of the proposed VHFI, a 300 W Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors (GaN HEMT) based experimental setup with 390 kHz output frequency, has been designed and implemented. Experimental efficiency and total harmonic distortion (THD) results are graphed for pure cutting mode. It turns out that maximum THD is less than 2.5% for the proposed VHFI. Further, recurring and burst experiment results are provided for blend cutting mode and coagulation mode, respectively. The experiment results show that the proposed VHFI has extreme fast-responding time for both blend cutting and coagulation mode, and crest factor is about 21 for coagulation mode. All experiment results together validate the feasibility of the proposed VHFI and also verify its capability of supporting different load values under different clinical modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9451044/pdf/nihms-1692373.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33455236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2018.8341111
Yao Xuliang, Lin Hao, Zhao Jicheng
Sensorless Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) often suffers from the inaccurate commutation signal, which degrades the operation performance inevitably. The inaccurate commutation signal will increase the loss of motor and torque ripple. In order to achieve accurate commutation, this paper presents a novel commutation error compensation method for sensorless BLDCM. With this method, the voltage integral value of the line voltage difference during the 60-degree conduction period is used to adjust the commutation instants, which avoids the negative effects owing to the parameter variation and elevates the robustness of system from external disturbances. Compare with conventional commutation correction methods, reconstruction of the virtual neutral voltage is not required, which reduces the corresponding complexity of the hardware circuit design. In addition, the integral intervals are determined by commutation signals, which simplify the detection of the integral boundary. The experiment and simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Line voltage difference integral method of commutation error adjustment for sensorless brushless DC motor","authors":"Yao Xuliang, Lin Hao, Zhao Jicheng","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2018.8341111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2018.8341111","url":null,"abstract":"Sensorless Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) often suffers from the inaccurate commutation signal, which degrades the operation performance inevitably. The inaccurate commutation signal will increase the loss of motor and torque ripple. In order to achieve accurate commutation, this paper presents a novel commutation error compensation method for sensorless BLDCM. With this method, the voltage integral value of the line voltage difference during the 60-degree conduction period is used to adjust the commutation instants, which avoids the negative effects owing to the parameter variation and elevates the robustness of system from external disturbances. Compare with conventional commutation correction methods, reconstruction of the virtual neutral voltage is not required, which reduces the corresponding complexity of the hardware circuit design. In addition, the integral intervals are determined by commutation signals, which simplify the detection of the integral boundary. The experiment and simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77966943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7467899
A. Bahman, F. Iannuzzo, F. Blaabjerg
{"title":"Proceedings of the 32nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","authors":"A. Bahman, F. Iannuzzo, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2016.7467899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2016.7467899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74785897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-15DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2015.7104562
M. D. Rooij
The popularity of highly resonant, loosely coupled, wireless energy transfer systems operating at 6.78 MHz has increased dramatically over the last few years. In this paper we present the zero voltage switching (ZVS) voltage mode class D amplifier topology and evaluate its performance as a suitable A4WP Class-3 compliant amplifier using eGaN FETs and compare the performance with MOSFETs. Experimental verification has revealed that the ZVS class D amplifier can inherently drive a reflected load impedance range from +20j Ω though −30j Ω and 1.7 Ω through 57 Ω while maintaining A4WP Class-3 compliance, which is a significantly wider range than any other topology explored as of this date. The eGaN FET based amplifier was found to have 30 % lower losses and operate as much as 17°C cooler when delivering 16 W into the load than a MOSFET version.
{"title":"The ZVS voltage-mode class-D amplifier, an eGaN® FET-enabled topology for highly resonant wireless energy transfer","authors":"M. D. Rooij","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2015.7104562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2015.7104562","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of highly resonant, loosely coupled, wireless energy transfer systems operating at 6.78 MHz has increased dramatically over the last few years. In this paper we present the zero voltage switching (ZVS) voltage mode class D amplifier topology and evaluate its performance as a suitable A4WP Class-3 compliant amplifier using eGaN FETs and compare the performance with MOSFETs. Experimental verification has revealed that the ZVS class D amplifier can inherently drive a reflected load impedance range from +20j Ω though −30j Ω and 1.7 Ω through 57 Ω while maintaining A4WP Class-3 compliance, which is a significantly wider range than any other topology explored as of this date. The eGaN FET based amplifier was found to have 30 % lower losses and operate as much as 17°C cooler when delivering 16 W into the load than a MOSFET version.","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81107066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520713
Huai Wang, Dao Zhou, F. Blaabjerg
Reliability is a crucial performance indicator of power electronic systems in terms of availability, mission accomplishment and life cycle cost. A paradigm shift in the research on reliability of power electronics is going on from simple handbook based calculations (e.g. models in MIL-HDBK-217F handbook) to the physics-of-failure approach and design for reliability process. A systematic design procedure consisting of various design tools is presented in this paper to design reliability into the power electronic converters since the early concept phase. The corresponding design procedures and reliability prediction models are provided. A case study on a 2.3 MW wind power converter is discussed with emphasis on the reliability critical component IGBT modules.
{"title":"A reliability-oriented design method for power electronic converters","authors":"Huai Wang, Dao Zhou, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520713","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability is a crucial performance indicator of power electronic systems in terms of availability, mission accomplishment and life cycle cost. A paradigm shift in the research on reliability of power electronics is going on from simple handbook based calculations (e.g. models in MIL-HDBK-217F handbook) to the physics-of-failure approach and design for reliability process. A systematic design procedure consisting of various design tools is presented in this paper to design reliability into the power electronic converters since the early concept phase. The corresponding design procedures and reliability prediction models are provided. A case study on a 2.3 MW wind power converter is discussed with emphasis on the reliability critical component IGBT modules.","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88055519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520248
Xiongfei Wang, F. Blaabjerg, Marco Liserre, Zhe Chen, Jinwei He, Y. Li
{"title":"28th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2013","authors":"Xiongfei Wang, F. Blaabjerg, Marco Liserre, Zhe Chen, Jinwei He, Y. Li","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85568161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-06DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2011.5744599
E. C. Santos
This paper presents an inverter topology based on series-voltage-action (SVA) to be employed in single-phase motor drive systems. Such topology will be called as single-phase SVA inverter. The single-phase SVA inverter presents some advantages over the traditional ones, such as output voltage higher than the dc-link voltage and lower THD of the motor voltage due to high number of levels generated at output voltage. The complete analysis presented in this paper includes the inverter model, its operation, the PWM strategy, dc-link capacitor voltage and current. Also it was carried out a comparison with conventional converters. Simulated and experimental results corroborate the theoretical study.
{"title":"Single-phase SVA inverter","authors":"E. C. Santos","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2011.5744599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2011.5744599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an inverter topology based on series-voltage-action (SVA) to be employed in single-phase motor drive systems. Such topology will be called as single-phase SVA inverter. The single-phase SVA inverter presents some advantages over the traditional ones, such as output voltage higher than the dc-link voltage and lower THD of the motor voltage due to high number of levels generated at output voltage. The complete analysis presented in this paper includes the inverter model, its operation, the PWM strategy, dc-link capacitor voltage and current. Also it was carried out a comparison with conventional converters. Simulated and experimental results corroborate the theoretical study.","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79212865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749504
J. Paramesh, A. Jouanne
Conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a major cause of concern in switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) which commonly use standard pulsewidth modulation (PWM). In this paper, sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulation is proposed as an alternative switching technique to reduce conducted EMI from SMPS. The result of using /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation is a spread in the spectrum of the conducted emissions so that large concentrations of power at discrete frequencies are avoided. Experimental time-domain waveforms and spectra of the switching function of first-order and second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators are presented to prove the viability of the scheme for EMI mitigation. These modulators are then applied to a DC-DC power converter in an off-the-shelf computer power supply and experimental results show a reduction of roughly 5-10 dB/spl mu/V in EMI emissions over standard PWM modulators.
{"title":"Use of sigma-delta modulation to control EMI from switch-mode power supplies","authors":"J. Paramesh, A. Jouanne","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749504","url":null,"abstract":"Conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a major cause of concern in switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) which commonly use standard pulsewidth modulation (PWM). In this paper, sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulation is proposed as an alternative switching technique to reduce conducted EMI from SMPS. The result of using /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation is a spread in the spectrum of the conducted emissions so that large concentrations of power at discrete frequencies are avoided. Experimental time-domain waveforms and spectra of the switching function of first-order and second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators are presented to prove the viability of the scheme for EMI mitigation. These modulators are then applied to a DC-DC power converter in an off-the-shelf computer power supply and experimental results show a reduction of roughly 5-10 dB/spl mu/V in EMI emissions over standard PWM modulators.","PeriodicalId":72690,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79108359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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