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Finding the gaps: Measuring treatment adherence in tuberculosis patients 发现差距:衡量结核病患者的治疗依从性
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_59_22
A. John, H. Avirneni, S. Swaminathan
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引用次数: 0
Management of urethral cyst in children: A case series 儿童尿道囊肿的处理:一个病例系列
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_58_22
P. Chakraborty, P. Halder, Debomita Das, Avidip De, Shreya Dutta
The parameatal cyst (PMC) is a benign lesion that occurs primarily in male children, generally present after birth, but may also occur in girls and adults. Although expectant management, needle puncture, decapping, and marsupialization are described as different modalities of treatment, all are associated with recurrences. We present nine pediatric cases with PMC, their clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome along with a review of the literature.
旁生囊肿(PMC)是一种良性病变,主要发生在男孩身上,通常在出生后出现,但也可能发生在女孩和成人身上。虽然预期治疗、针刺、脱帽和有袋化被描述为不同的治疗方式,但都与复发有关。我们报告了9例小儿PMC病例,他们的临床表现,治疗和结果,并对文献进行了回顾。
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引用次数: 0
Coverage of Hepatitis-B vaccination among the healthcare providers of a tertiary care hospital in Odisha: A cross-sectional study 奥里萨邦一家三级保健医院的卫生保健提供者的乙型肝炎疫苗接种覆盖率:一项横断面研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_56_22
Soumya Mohanty, P. Panda, Chandan Samantara, Aurobindo Samantaray
Background: Hepatitis B (Hep-B) infection is the major cause of acute and chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide and has long been recognized as an occupational hazard among healthcare workers (HCWs). Thus, this study was planned to evaluate the coverage of Hep-B vaccine among healthcare providers (HCPs) in a tertiary care hospital in Odisha. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs of Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital. A total of 300 HCPs were selected for the study by a stratified random sampling technique. A proportionate sampling of 26.2% from the doctor population of 280, i.e., 73, and 26.2% of the paramedic population of 865, i.e. 227, were selected by using a random number table to meet the sample size of 300. A self-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Data on demographics and knowledge regarding Hep-B aspects were also collected. Results: One hundred and two (34%) participants had adequate knowledge and 198 (66%) participants had poor knowledge of Hep-B. The overall prevalence of Hep-B vaccination acceptance was 71.3%. 70% of the health workers had received the full three-dose vaccination schedule, while 6% had received two doses, 3.7% had received one dose, and 20% were unvaccinated. Conclusion: Coverage of complete immunization was low. The level of knowledge regarding the disease was also not satisfactory. Education programs should focus on increasing HCWs' perceived severity of occupational exposure to the Hep-B virus.
背景:乙型肝炎(Hep-B)感染是全世界急性和慢性肝病、肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要原因,长期以来一直被认为是卫生保健工作者(HCWs)的一种职业危害。因此,本研究计划评估奥里萨邦一家三级保健医院的卫生保健提供者(HCPs)的乙肝疫苗覆盖率。材料与方法:采用横断面研究的方法,对高科医学院和医院的医护人员进行调查。采用分层随机抽样方法,共选取300名HCPs进行研究。采用随机数字表法,从280名医生中抽取26.2%的样本,即73名,从865名护理人员中抽取26.2%的样本,即227名,以满足样本量为300名的要求。一份自行设计的半结构化问卷用于收集参与者的数据。还收集了人口统计数据和有关乙肝方面的知识。结果:102名(34%)参与者对乙肝知识有充分的了解,198名(66%)参与者对乙肝知识不了解。乙肝疫苗接受率总体为71.3%。70%的卫生工作者接受了完整的三剂疫苗接种计划,6%接受了两剂,3.7%接受了一剂,20%未接种疫苗。结论:免疫完全覆盖率低。对该病的了解程度也不令人满意。教育计划应侧重于提高卫生保健工作者对乙型肝炎病毒职业暴露严重性的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Theater in medical education: Strengthening the component of clinical training of medical students 医学教育中的戏剧:加强医学生临床训练的组成部分
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_67_22
S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
The knowledge and skills expected of medical graduates upon completion of their undergraduate training are extremely vast and dynamic. Medicine has to be acknowledged as a combination of science and art, with science appealing to the scientific minds, while art encourages creativity and curiosity. The use of theater in medical education is not new by any means and has been extremely useful to help medical students to understand various life-threatening scenarios and settings that require medical humanities incorporation. To conclude, considering the complexities involved in the clinical training of a medical graduate student, it is our responsibility to adopt innovative teaching-learning methods. The use of theater in medical education delivery has been associated with developing many attributes of the hidden curriculum, including empathy, self-awareness, professionalism, and communication skills. The need of the hour is to acknowledge the potential of theater and integrate it with the existing curriculum to optimize the training of medical students.
医学毕业生在完成本科培训后所期望的知识和技能是非常广泛和动态的。医学必须被认为是科学和艺术的结合,科学吸引科学的头脑,而艺术鼓励创造力和好奇心。无论如何,戏剧在医学教育中的应用并不新鲜,它对于帮助医学生理解各种危及生命的场景和需要结合医学人文学科的环境非常有用。综上所述,考虑到医学研究生临床培训的复杂性,我们有责任采用创新的教学方法。在医学教育中使用戏剧与培养隐藏课程的许多属性有关,包括移情、自我意识、专业精神和沟通技巧。现在的需要是承认戏剧的潜力,并将其与现有课程相结合,以优化医学生的培养。
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引用次数: 0
Universal adoption of e-portfolios in Indian medical education – Need for a paradigm shift 印度医学教育普遍采用电子投资组合——需要进行范式转变
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_60_22
A. John, H. Avirneni, S. Swaminathan
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引用次数: 0
The Rapid expansion of Christian Medical College, Vellore 基督教医学院的迅速扩张
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_103_22
K. Abhilash
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus among the adult population in the campus of Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 布巴内斯瓦尔高科技医学院和医院校园成人糖尿病患病率及危险因素评估
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_65_22
Chandan Samantara, Soumya Mohanty, P. Panda, Smrutiranjan Nayak
Background: Diabetes mellitus, a lifestyle disease, is a 21st-century global health emergency, with a global prevalence projection of 537 million (10.5%) in 2021 and is the 7th largest cause of mortality. As a result, the study was carried out to analyze the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors in the adult population. Materials and Methods: This 5-month institutional-based cross-sectional study on 410 randomly selected individuals was done on the campus of Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital in Bhubaneswar among the adult population aged more than or equal to 18 years. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was determined to be 15.6% in the current study, with 58 (8.8%) individuals having impaired fasting glucose and 14.1% having impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes mellitus prevalence increased gradually as people got older. Males had a higher prevalence (19.3%), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Diabetes was found to be statistically significant with the following risk factors: alcohol intake, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is prevalent in the research area, and the current study has found the association of various modifiable risk factors with diabetes. Effective intervention methods, if implemented at this point, can help to reduce the disease's burden on the individual, family, and community.
背景:糖尿病是一种生活方式疾病,是21世纪的全球突发卫生事件,预计2021年全球患病率为5.37亿(10.5%),是第七大死亡原因。因此,本研究旨在分析成人糖尿病患病率及其相关危险因素。材料和方法:在布巴内斯瓦尔高科技医学院和医院的校园内,对410名随机选择的个体进行了为期5个月的以机构为基础的横断面研究,研究对象是18岁以上或等于18岁的成年人。结果:当前研究确定糖尿病患病率为15.6%,其中58人(8.8%)空腹血糖受损,14.1%葡萄糖耐量受损。随着年龄的增长,糖尿病患病率逐渐上升。男性患病率较高(19.3%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。糖尿病与以下危险因素有统计学意义:酒精摄入量、含糖饮料摄入量、体重指数、腰围和血压(P < 0.05)。结论:糖尿病在研究区普遍存在,本研究发现多种可改变的危险因素与糖尿病相关。如果在这一点上实施有效的干预方法,可以帮助减轻疾病对个人、家庭和社区的负担。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in birthweights and perinatal mortality rate in a rural block in South India over 30 years 30年来印度南部农村地区出生体重和围产期死亡率的变化
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_49_22
A. Cherian, Jackwin S. G. Paul, V. Abraham, V. Mohan, Jasmin Helan Prasad, K. George
Background: Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) includes both fetal deaths and deaths occurring during the 1st week of life. Low birthweight (LBW) continues to be a significant problem with 14.6% of all births globally and 20% of all births in India being LBW. There is a powerful association between birthweight and perinatal mortality. This study looks at data from a rural block in South India to understand the trends, possible reasons, and strategies for interventions. Methodology: Information regarding 80,206 pregnancies who were registered in the community health and development (CHAD) program between January 1986 and December 2018 was obtained from the CHAD health information system. Trends regarding birthweight, gestational age, and perinatal mortality were extracted from this system and analyzed. Results: Among the 69,386 babies whose birthweights were recorded, 16.7% were LBW (<2.5 kg). The PMR has steadily declined from 45.2/1000 live births in the period 1986–1990 to 14.3/1000 live births during the period 2016–2018. The mean birthweight has shown a steady rise over the years from 2.73 kg in 1986–1990 to 2.9 in 2016–2018. The mean standard deviation height of the mother has gone up from 152.3 cm (5.4) between 1986–1990 and 156.3 cm (5.7) in the 2016–2018 period. The proportion of anemic women (hemoglobin <11 g/dL) in 1986–1990 was 46.4% and had drastically come down to 23.8% in 2016–2018. Conclusion: The decreasing PMR may be attributed to the increasing birthweight which may, in turn, be related to better nutritional status of mothers which is evident in the increased height and decreased proportion of anemic women.
背景:围产期死亡率(PMR)包括胎儿死亡和出生后第一周内发生的死亡。低出生体重(LBW)仍然是一个严重的问题,全球14.6%的新生儿和印度20%的新生儿是低出生体重。出生体重和围产期死亡率之间有很强的联系。本研究着眼于印度南部农村地区的数据,以了解趋势、可能的原因和干预策略。方法:从乍得卫生信息系统获得1986年1月至2018年12月期间在社区卫生与发展(CHAD)计划中登记的80206名孕妇的信息。从该系统中提取有关出生体重、胎龄和围产期死亡率的趋势并进行分析。结果:69386例新生儿中,16.7%为低体重(<2.5 kg)。产妇死亡率稳步下降,从1986-1990年期间的45.2/1000活产下降到2016-2018年期间的14.3/1000活产。多年来,平均出生体重稳步上升,从1986-1990年的2.73公斤上升到2016-2018年的2.9公斤。母亲的平均标准差身高从1986-1990年的152.3厘米(5.4厘米)上升到2016-2018年的156.3厘米(5.7厘米)。1986-1990年贫血女性(血红蛋白<11 g/dL)的比例为46.4%,2016-2018年大幅下降至23.8%。结论:PMR的下降可能与出生体重的增加有关,而出生体重的增加可能与母亲营养状况的改善有关,这在身高的增加和贫血妇女比例的下降中是明显的。
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引用次数: 0
Nail fold capillary patterns in patients with systemic sclerosis using a hand-held dermoscope – A prospective study from a tertiary center in South India 使用手持式皮肤镜观察系统性硬化症患者的甲襞毛细血管形态——一项来自印度南部三级中心的前瞻性研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_30_22
Priya Kuryan, C. Dincy Peter, S. Pulimood, L. George, J. Mathew
Introduction: Nail fold dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique which aids in the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. It also helps in predicting the extent and stage of microvascular damage. There are only a few studies describing the pattern of nail fold capillaries in systemic sclerosis in the Indian population. Objectives: To study the patterns of nail fold capillaries using a hand-held dermoscope and to correlate these findings with cutaneous and systemic manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis. Methods: Thirty-five patients were recruited in the study period between February 2014 and September 2015. All patients with systemic sclerosis were examined for cutaneous manifestations and dermoscopy of the nail fold capillaries was performed using Heine delta 20 dermoscope. Results: Our study had a female preponderance with the diffuse type of disease in 91% of patients. The most common abnormal nail fold dermoscopic pattern was dilated capillaries (91%). Scleroderma pattern was seen in 77% of our patients with the most common being active pattern. Early, active, and late type of the capillary pattern were associated with increased duration of disease but was not statistically significant. There was no significant association between capillary pattern and systemic manifestations. Conclusions: Majority (77%) of our patients had scleroderma patterns of which the active scleroderma pattern was the most common. There was no significant association between capillary pattern and systemic manifestations.
甲襞皮肤镜检查是一种非侵入性技术,有助于诊断系统性硬化症。它还有助于预测微血管损伤的程度和阶段。只有少数研究描述的模式甲褶毛细血管在系统性硬化症在印度人口。目的:用手持式皮肤镜研究甲襞毛细血管的形态,并将这些发现与系统性硬化症患者的皮肤和全身表现联系起来。方法:2014年2月至2015年9月共招募35例患者。所有系统性硬化症患者均接受皮肤检查,并在Heine delta 20皮肤镜下对甲襞毛细血管进行皮肤镜检查。结果:我们的研究以女性为主,91%的患者为弥漫性疾病。皮肤镜下最常见的甲襞异常表现为毛细血管扩张(91%)。硬皮病模式见于77%的患者,最常见的是活跃模式。早期、活动性和晚期型毛细血管型与病程延长相关,但无统计学意义。毛细血管形态与全身表现无显著相关性。结论:大多数(77%)患者有硬皮病类型,其中活动性硬皮病类型最常见。毛细血管形态与全身表现无显著相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing flipped classroom to teach basic life-support to first-phase MBBS students in a Medical College of West Bengal 西孟加拉邦医学院引入翻转课堂,向第一阶段MBBS学生教授基本生命支持
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmi.cmi_43_22
Arun Chaudhuri, T. Ghosh, D. Saldanha
Introduction: Basic life support (BLS) consists of a number of medical procedures provided to patients with life-threatening conditions of the body and there exists a significant lack of knowledge regarding the signs and risk factors associated with serious medical conditions among medical students. The present study was conducted to evaluate a module for teaching BLS to first MBBS students using the flipped classroom method. Methodology: The present study was conducted among first-phase MBBS students after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of participants. Students of 2021–2022 were included in a WhatsApp group and YouTube videos were posted on the group where demonstrations of BLS were done and the importance of learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation was discussed. Students were then divided into groups of twenty and each group was asked to make a PowerPoint presentation which they had to present in live sessions and demonstrate the procedure. Students joined an online BLS Certification Course. Feedback was taken from students and faculty members and a program evaluation at Kirkpatrick's level 1 was done. Results: Two hundred students participated in the study. The mean ± standard deviation of marks obtained by students in the certification program was 87.67 ± 5.87 and posttest scores were significantly better as compared to pretest scores. Students and faculty members were satisfied with the program. Conclusions: The BLS module introduced in the Foundation Course using the flipped classroom at the beginning of the first phase of the MBBS course enabled the students to acquire the basic knowledge and skills required.
简介:基本生命支持(BLS)包括向身体有生命危险的病人提供的一些医疗程序,医学生对与严重疾病相关的体征和风险因素的知识严重缺乏。本研究旨在评估一套运用翻转课堂教学方法对MBBS第一届学生进行劳工统计局教学的模组。方法:本研究是在获得机构伦理许可和参与者知情同意后,在第一阶段MBBS学生中进行的。将2021-2022届的学生纳入WhatsApp群,并在群中发布YouTube视频,演示BLS并讨论学习心肺复苏的重要性。然后,学生们被分成20人一组,每组被要求做一个ppt演示,他们必须在现场展示并演示过程。学生们参加了在线劳工统计局认证课程。我们从学生和教职员工那里获得反馈,并对柯克帕特里克的1级课程进行了评估。结果:200名学生参与了研究。认证项目学生得分的平均值±标准差为87.67±5.87,测试后得分明显优于测试前得分。学生和教师对这个项目都很满意。结论:在MBBS第一阶段课程开始时,在基础课程中采用翻转课堂的方式引入劳工统计局模块,使学生掌握了所需的基本知识和技能。
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引用次数: 2
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Current medical issues
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