Current research in neurobiology最新文献

Exploration of circulating metabolites in infants with abusive head trauma 虐待性头部创伤婴儿循环代谢物的研究

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2025.100154

Estelle Maret , Tatjana Sajic , Kim Wiskott , Sylvain Le Gludic , Federica Gilardi , Youssef Daali , Tony Fracasso , Aurélien Thomas

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a severe form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and causes significant brain lesions by vigorous shaking. It is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children under 2 years of age. If not fatal, AHT can result in severe disabilities, often requiring long-term care. Clinical diagnosis of AHT is challenging, because symptoms are often non-specific, overlap with those of other diseases and relies on screening for intracranial, spinal, and ocular lesions. To date, no screening test has been developed to preselect children suspected to be victims of AHT for further clinical investigations. However, as recently demonstrated via analysis of serum proteomes of infant victims of AHT, large-scale omic analysis of blood serum samples could help identify molecules with high potential for early detection of human pathologies. Here, we investigated the circulating serum metabolome of infants with severe head trauma with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3–4 and compared it to infants with no signs of head trauma during medico-legal examinations. Using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), we identified 53 metabolites with the most significant differences between the groups. Six metabolites were already known to be implicated in different gross pathologies associated with neurological diseases. In addition, our analysis revealed several lipids and lipid-like molecules, all with an increased profile in the peripheral blood circulation of infant victims of AHT. As we speculated some of the identified metabolites to come from specific brain regions affected by the shaking mechanism, we further performed a multi-omic integration by integrating metabolites showing evidence of their presence in the brain and publicly available proteomic data. As results, we found significant metabolite-protein correlations which could be closely associated with AHT, thus, providing evidence of tensions and supporting strong dynamic changes occurring within the brain during assault.

虐待性头部创伤（AHT）是一种严重的创伤性脑损伤（TBI），通过剧烈摇晃导致严重的脑损伤。它是2岁以下儿童死亡和发病的主要原因。如果不是致命的，AHT也会导致严重的残疾，通常需要长期护理。AHT的临床诊断具有挑战性，因为症状通常是非特异性的，与其他疾病的症状重叠，并且依赖于颅内、脊柱和眼部病变的筛查。迄今为止，还没有开发出筛查试验来预选疑似AHT受害者的儿童进行进一步的临床调查。然而，正如最近通过对AHT婴儿受害者的血清蛋白质组学分析所证明的那样，对血清样本进行大规模组学分析可以帮助识别具有早期发现人类病理的高潜力的分子。在这里，我们调查了格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分为3-4分的严重头部创伤婴儿的循环血清代谢组，并将其与医学-法律检查中没有头部创伤迹象的婴儿进行了比较。采用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱（LC-HRMS）技术，鉴定出53种代谢物，组间差异最显著。已知六种代谢物与神经系统疾病相关的不同大体病理有关。此外，我们的分析还揭示了几种脂质和类脂分子，它们在AHT婴儿的外周血循环中都有增加。由于我们推测一些已鉴定的代谢物来自受震动机制影响的特定大脑区域，我们进一步进行了多组学整合，通过整合代谢物来显示它们在大脑中存在的证据和公开可用的蛋白质组学数据。结果，我们发现显著的代谢物-蛋白质相关性可能与AHT密切相关，因此，提供了紧张的证据，并支持在攻击期间大脑内发生强烈的动态变化。

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引用次数: 0

Neuropeptide Y modulates the electrical activity of subfornical organ neurons 神经肽Y调节皮层下器官神经元的电活动

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2025.100149

Lauren Shute , Mark Fry

The subfornical organ (SFO) is a sensory circumventricular organ, lacking a blood-brain barrier. It is well-recognized as a key center for detection and integration of osmotic, ionic and hormonal signals for maintenance of hydromineral balance and cardiovascular regulation. Recently, the SFO has also been recognized as a center for the detection and integration of circulating satiety signals for regulation of energy balance. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a multifunctional neuropeptide, with effects on energy balance, cardiovascular tone and other aspects of homeostasis. Interestingly, despite the overlap of function between SFO and NPY, and observations that SFO expresses several subtypes of Y receptors, NPY regulation of SFO neurons has never been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of NPY on dissociated rat SFO neurons using patch clamp electrophysiology. We observed that 300 nM NPY caused depolarization of 16 % of SFO neurons tested, and hyperpolarization of 26 %, while the remaining neurons were insensitive to NPY (n = 31). These effects were dose-dependent with an apparent EC₅₀ of 3.9 nM for depolarizing neurons and 3.5 nM for hyperpolarizing neurons. Activation of Y5 receptors alone led to predominately hyperpolarizing effects, while activation of Y1 or Y2 receptors alone led to mixed responses. Voltage-clamp experiments demonstrated that NPY caused increases in voltage-gated K⁺ current amplitude as well as hyperpolarizing shifts in persistent Na⁺ current, mediating the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing effects, respectively. These findings indicate that NPY elicits direct electrophysiological effects on SFO neurons, suggesting that NPY acts via the SFO to regulate energy homeostatic function.

皮层下器官（SFO）是一种感觉环绕心室的器官，缺乏血脑屏障。它被认为是检测和整合渗透、离子和激素信号的关键中心，用于维持水矿物质平衡和心血管调节。最近，SFO也被认为是检测和整合循环饱腹感信号以调节能量平衡的中心。神经肽Y （Neuropeptide Y， NPY）是一种多功能神经肽，对能量平衡、心血管张力等方面的内稳态都有影响。有趣的是，尽管SFO和NPY之间的功能重叠，并且观察到SFO表达几种Y受体亚型，但NPY对SFO神经元的调节从未被研究过。在这项研究中，我们使用膜片钳电生理学检测了NPY对游离大鼠SFO神经元的影响。我们观察到300 nM NPY导致16%的SFO神经元去极化，26%的SFO神经元超极化，而其余神经元对NPY不敏感（n = 31）。这些效应是剂量依赖性的，去极化神经元的EC50为3.9 nM，超极化神经元的EC50为3.5 nM。单独激活Y5受体导致主要的超极化效应，而单独激活Y1或Y2受体导致混合反应。电压箝位实验表明，NPY引起了电压门控K+电流幅值的增加以及持续Na+电流的超极化位移，分别介导了超极化和去极化效应。这些发现表明，NPY可以直接对SFO神经元产生电生理作用，表明NPY通过SFO调节能量稳态功能。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of perisomatic synapses from cholecystokinin basket interneurons through NrCAM and Ankyrin B NrCAM和锚蛋白B对胆囊收缩素篮中间神经元周围突触的调控

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2025.100150

Erik N. Oldre, Barrett D. Webb, Justin E. Sperringer, Patricia F. Maness

The perisomatic region of cortical pyramidal neurons (PNs) integrates local and long-range inputs and regulates firing. This domain receives GABAergic inputs from cholecystokinin (CCK)- and Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing basket cells (BCs) but how synaptic contacts are established is unclear. Neuron-glial related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) is a homophilic transmembrane protein that binds the scaffold protein Ankyrin B. Here we show that NrCAM and Ankyrin B mediate perisomatic synaptic contact between CCK-BCs and PNs in mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Immunolabeling of CCK-BC terminals for vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGLUT3) or vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) revealed a significant decrease in CCK-BC synaptic puncta on PN soma in NrCAM-null mice, however no decrease in PV-BC puncta or cell loss. VGLUT3+ CCK-BC puncta were also decreased by Ankyrin B deletion from PNs in Nex1Cre-ERT2:Ank2^flox/flox:EGFP mice. A novel CCK-BC reporter mouse expressing tdTomato (tdT) at the Synuclein-γ (Sncg) locus showed NrCAM localized to Sncg + CCK-BCs, and to postsynaptic PN soma in Nex1Cre-ERT2:Ank2^+/+:EGFP mice. Results suggest that NrCAM and Ankyrin B contribute to the establishment of connectivity between CCK-BCs and excitatory neurons of the mPFC.

皮层锥体神经元（PNs）的皮层周围区域整合局部和远程输入并调节放电。该区域接受来自胆囊收缩素（CCK）和小白蛋白（PV）表达的篮状细胞（bc）的gaba能输入，但突触接触是如何建立的尚不清楚。神经元-胶质相关细胞粘附分子（NrCAM）是一种与支架蛋白锚蛋白B结合的亲同质跨膜蛋白。本研究表明NrCAM和锚蛋白B介导小鼠内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC） cck - bc和PNs之间的突触接触。对CCK-BC末端进行泡状谷氨酸转运体-3 （VGLUT3）或泡状GABA转运体（VGAT）的免疫标记显示，nrcam缺失小鼠PN体上CCK-BC突触点显著减少，但PV-BC点或细胞损失未减少。在Nex1Cre-ERT2:Ank2flox/flox:EGFP小鼠中，PNs中的锚蛋白B缺失也减少了VGLUT3+ CCK-BC点。在Synuclein-γ (Sncg)位点表达tdTomato （tdT）的新型CCK-BC报告小鼠显示，NrCAM定位于Sncg + CCK-BC，以及Nex1Cre-ERT2:Ank2+/+:EGFP小鼠的突触后PN体。结果表明NrCAM和锚蛋白B参与了cck - bc与mPFC兴奋性神经元之间连接的建立。

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引用次数: 0

Ouabain increases neuronal differentiation of hippocampal neural precursor cells 瓦巴因增加海马神经前体细胞的神经元分化

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2025.100147

Ana Maria Orellana , Natacha Medeiros S. Port's , Larissa de Sá Lima , Jacqueline Alves Leite , Diana Zukas Andreotti , Paula Fernanda Kinoshita , Arthur B. Cantanzaro , João Agostinho M. Neto , Cristoforo Scavone , Elisa M. Kawamoto

引用次数: 0

Temporal dynamics of offline transcranial ultrasound stimulation 脱机经颅超声刺激的时间动态

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2025.100148

Cyril Atkinson-Clement , David Howett , Mohammad Alkhawashki , James Ross , Ben Slater , Marilyn Gatica , Fabien Balezeau , Chencheng Zhang , Jerome Sallet , Chris Petkov , Marcus Kaiser

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation modality, characterized by deep-brain accuracy and the capability to induce longer-lasting effects. However, most TUS datasets are underpowered, hampering efforts to identify TUS longevity and temporal dynamics. This primate case was studied awake with over 50 fMRI datasets, with and without left anterior hippocampus TUS. We therefore amassed the highest-powered TUS dataset to date required to reveal TUS longevity and dynamics. Most of the effects were found in the TUS region itself and alongside the default mode and sensorimotor networks. Seed-based functional connectivity exhibited a time-constrained alteration which dissipated ∼60 min post-TUS. Intrinsic activity measure and regional homogeneity displayed extended diffusivity and longer durations. This high-powered dataset allowed predicting TUS using pre-stimulation features that can now extend to modeling of individuals scanned less extensively. This case report reveals the diversity of TUS temporal dynamics to help to advance long-lasting human applications.

经颅超声刺激（TUS）是一种很有前途的非侵入性神经调节方式，其特点是脑深部的准确性和诱导更持久效果的能力。然而，大多数TUS数据集功能不足，阻碍了识别TUS寿命和时间动态的努力。这一灵长类动物病例是用50多个fMRI数据集进行清醒研究的，有和没有左前海马TUS。因此，我们收集了迄今为止最强大的TUS数据集，以揭示TUS的寿命和动态。大多数的影响都是在us区域本身以及默认模式和感觉运动网络中发现的。基于种子的功能连接表现出时间限制的改变，在tus后约60分钟消散。内在活动度量和区域均匀性表现出更大的扩散性和更长的持续时间。这个高性能的数据集允许使用预刺激特征来预测TUS，现在可以扩展到对扫描范围较小的个体进行建模。本病例报告揭示了TUS时间动态的多样性，以帮助推进长期的人类应用。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid degeneration and neurochemical plasticity of the lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of the primary visual cortex in marmoset monkeys 狨猴初级视觉皮层损伤后外侧膝状核的快速变性和神经化学可塑性。

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100141

Gaoyuan Ma, Jonathan M. Chan, Katrina H. Worthy, Marcello G.P. Rosa, Nafiseh Atapour

Lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1) cause retrograde neuronal degeneration, volume loss and neurochemical changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Here we characterised the timeline of these processes in adult marmoset monkeys, after various recovery times following unilateral V1 lesions. Observations in NeuN-stained sections obtained from animals with short recovery times (2, 3 or 14 days) showed that the volume and neuronal density in the LGN ipsilateral to the lesions were similar to those in the contralateral hemispheres. However, neuronal density in the lesion projection zone of LGN dropped rapidly thereafter, with approximately 50% of the population lost within a month post-lesion. This level of neuronal loss remained stable for over three years post-lesion. In comparison, shrinkage of the LGN volume progressed more gradually, not reaching a stable value until 6 months post lesion. We also determined the time course of the expression of the calcium-binding protein calbindin (CB) in magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) layer neurons, a form of neurochemical plasticity previously reported to be triggered by V1 lesions. We found that CB expression could be detected in surviving M and P neurons as early as two weeks after lesion, with the percentage of neurons showing this neurochemical phenotype gradually increasing over 6 months. Thus, neurochemical change precedes neuronal degeneration, suggesting it may be linked to a protective mechanism. This study highlights the limited time window for any possible interventions aimed at reducing secondary neuronal loss in the visual afferent pathways following damage to V1.

初级视觉皮层（V1）的病变导致神经逆行变性、体积损失和外侧膝状核（LGN）的神经化学变化。在这里，我们描述了成年狨猴在单侧V1病变后的不同恢复时间后这些过程的时间轴。从恢复时间较短（2,3或14天）的动物身上获得的neun染色切片观察显示，病变同侧LGN的体积和神经元密度与对侧半球相似。然而，此后LGN病变投射区神经元密度迅速下降，约50%的人群在病变后一个月内消失。这种水平的神经元损失在病变后三年多保持稳定。相比之下，LGN体积的缩小进展更为缓慢，直到病变后6个月才达到稳定值。我们还测定了钙结合蛋白calbindin （CB）在大细胞(M)和细细胞(P)层神经元中的表达时间过程，这是一种神经化学可塑性的形式，以前报道过由V1病变触发。我们发现，早在病变后两周，存活的M和P神经元中就可以检测到CB表达，并且在6个月的时间里，呈现这种神经化学表型的神经元的比例逐渐增加。因此，神经化学变化先于神经元退化，这表明它可能与一种保护机制有关。这项研究强调了任何可能的干预措施的有限时间窗口，旨在减少视觉传入通路中V1损伤后的继发性神经元损失。

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引用次数: 0

Retinotopic biases in contextual feedback signals to V1 for object and scene processing 视网膜定位偏差的背景反馈信号V1的对象和场景处理。

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100143

Matthew A. Bennett , Lucy S. Petro , Clement Abbatecola , Lars F. Muckli

Identifying the objects embedded in natural scenes relies on recurrent processing between lower and higher visual areas. How is cortical feedback information related to objects and scenes organised in lower visual areas? The spatial organisation of cortical feedback converging in early visual cortex during object and scene processing could be retinotopically specific as it is coded in V1, or object centred as coded in higher areas, or both. Here, we characterise object and scene-related feedback information to V1. Participants identified foreground objects or background scenes in images with occluded central and peripheral subsections, allowing us to isolate feedback activity to foveal and peripheral regions of V1. Using fMRI and multivoxel pattern classification, we found that background scene information is projected to both foveal and peripheral V1 but can be disrupted in the fovea by a sufficiently demanding object discrimination task, during which we found evidence of foveal object decoding when using naturalistic stimuli. We suggest that the feedback connections during scene perception project back to earlier visual areas an automatic sketch of occluded information to the predicted retinotopic location. In the case of a cognitive task however, feedback pathways project content to foveal retinotopic space, potentially for introspection, functioning as a cognitive active blackboard and not necessarily predicting the object's location. This feedback architecture could reflect the internal mapping in V1 of the brain's endogenous models of the visual environment that are used to predict perceptual inputs.

识别嵌入在自然场景中的物体依赖于低视觉区域和高视觉区域之间的循环处理。与物体和场景相关的皮质反馈信息是如何在较低的视觉区域组织的？在物体和场景处理过程中，在早期视觉皮层中收敛的皮质反馈的空间组织可能是视网膜特异性的，因为它编码在V1，或者以物体为中心编码在更高的区域，或者两者兼而有之。在这里，我们向V1描述物体和场景相关的反馈信息。参与者在被遮挡的中央和外围区域的图像中识别前景物体或背景场景，使我们能够隔离V1中央凹和外围区域的反馈活动。使用功能磁共振成像和多体素模式分类，我们发现背景场景信息被投射到中央凹和周围V1，但在中央凹中可以被足够苛刻的物体识别任务中断，在此过程中，我们发现了当使用自然刺激时，中央凹物体解码的证据。我们认为，场景感知过程中的反馈连接将被遮挡信息的自动草图投射回早期的视觉区域，以预测视网膜定位。然而，在认知任务的情况下，反馈通路将内容投射到中央凹视网膜位置空间，可能用于内省，充当认知活动黑板，不一定预测物体的位置。这种反馈结构可以反映大脑内源性视觉环境模型V1的内部映射，用于预测感知输入。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct functional cerebral hypersensitivity networks during incisional and inflammatory pain in rats 大鼠切口疼痛和炎性疼痛中不同的功能性脑超敏网络。

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100142

Silke Kreitz , Bruno Pradier , Daniel Segelcke , Saeedeh Amirmohseni , Andreas Hess , Cornelius Faber , Esther M. Pogatzki-Zahn

Although the pathophysiology of pain has been investigated tremendously, there are still many open questions with regard to specific pain entities and their pain-related symptoms. To increase the translational impact of (preclinical) animal neuroimaging pain studies, the use of disease-specific pain models, as well as relevant stimulus modalities, are critical. We developed a comprehensive framework for brain network analysis combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with graph-theory (GT) and data classification by linear discriminant analysis. This enabled us to expand our knowledge of stimulus modalities processing under incisional (INC) and pathogen-induced inflammatory (CFA) pain entities compared to acute pain conditions. GT-analysis has uncovered specific features in pain modality processing that align well with those previously identified in humans. These include areas such as S1, M1, CPu, HC, piriform, and cingulate cortex. Additionally, we have identified unique Network Signatures of Pain Hypersensitivity (NSPH) for INC and CFA. This leads to a diminished ability to differentiate between stimulus modalities in both pain models compared to control conditions, while also enhancing aversion processing and descending pain modulation. Our findings further show that different pain entities modulate sensory input through distinct NSPHs. These neuroimaging signatures are an important step toward identifying novel cerebral pain biomarkers for certain diseases and relevant outcomes to evaluate target engagement of novel therapeutic and diagnostic options, which ultimately can be translated to the clinic.

尽管疼痛的病理生理学已经被广泛研究，但关于特定的疼痛实体及其疼痛相关症状仍有许多悬而未决的问题。为了增加（临床前）动物神经成像疼痛研究的转化影响，使用疾病特异性疼痛模型以及相关的刺激方式至关重要。我们开发了一个综合的脑网络分析框架，将功能磁共振成像（MRI）与图论（GT）和线性判别分析的数据分类相结合。这使我们能够扩展我们在切口（INC）和病原体诱导的炎症（CFA）疼痛实体下与急性疼痛状况相比的刺激模式处理的知识。gt分析揭示了疼痛模态处理的特定特征，这些特征与先前在人类中发现的特征很好地吻合。这些区域包括S1， M1, CPu， HC，梨状和扣带皮层。此外，我们已经为INC和CFA确定了独特的疼痛超敏反应网络特征（NSPH）。与控制条件相比，这导致两种疼痛模型中区分刺激模式的能力减弱，同时也增强了厌恶处理和下行疼痛调节。我们的研究结果进一步表明，不同的疼痛实体通过不同的NSPHs调节感觉输入。这些神经成像特征是识别某些疾病和相关结果的新型脑疼痛生物标志物的重要一步，以评估新的治疗和诊断选择的目标参与，最终可以转化为临床。

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引用次数: 0

Protective effects of Embelin in Benzo[α]pyrene induced cognitive and memory impairment in experimental model of mice 恩贝林对苯并[α]芘诱导的小鼠认知和记忆损伤实验模型的保护作用

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100122

Akansh Goal, Khadga Raj, Shamsher Singh, Rimpi Arora

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive and memory impairment. The most prominent clinical characteristics of AD are the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in neurons. It has been proven that embelin (Emb) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, we assessed the therapeutic potential of Emb in Benzo [α]pyrene (BaP)-induced cognitive impairment in experimental mice. BaP (5 mg/kg, i. p) was given to mice daily for 28 days, and Emb (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i. p) was given from 14 to 28 days of a protocol. In addition, locomotor activity was evaluated using open-field and spatial working, and non-spatial memory was evaluated using novel object recognition tasks (NORT), Morris water maze (MWM), and Y- maze. At the end of the study, the animal tissue homogenate was used to check biochemicals, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter changes. BaP-treated mice showed a significant decline in locomotor activity, learning and memory deficits and augmented oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, nitrite, and GSH). Further, BaP promoted the release of inflammatory tissue markers, decreased acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and norepinephrine, and increased glutamate concentration. However, treatment with Emb at dose-dependently prevented biochemical changes, improved antioxidant levels, reduced neuroinflammation, restored neurotransmitter concentration, and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. The current study's finding suggested that Emb improved cognitive functions through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective mechanisms and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and Aβ-42 accumulation.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种影响海马体神经元的神经退行性疾病，会导致认知和记忆障碍。阿尔茨海默病最显著的临床特征是神经元中产生淀粉样β（Aβ）斑块、神经纤维缠结和神经炎症。事实证明，embelin（Emb）具有抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护特性。因此，我们评估了 Emb 对苯并［α］芘（BaP）诱导的实验小鼠认知障碍的治疗潜力。每天给小鼠注射 BaP（5 毫克/千克，静注），连续 28 天，并在 14 至 28 天的方案中给小鼠注射 Emb（2.5、5 和 10 毫克/千克，静注）。此外，还使用开阔地和空间工作法评估了小鼠的运动活动，并使用新物体识别任务（NORT）、莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）和Y迷宫评估了小鼠的非空间记忆。研究结束后，用动物组织匀浆检测生化指标、神经炎症和神经递质的变化。经 BaP 处理的小鼠表现出明显的运动活性下降、学习和记忆障碍以及氧化应激（脂质过氧化、亚硝酸盐和 GSH）增强。此外，BaP 还会促进炎症组织标志物的释放，降低乙酰胆碱、多巴胺、GABA、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素的浓度，并增加谷氨酸的浓度。然而，用恩博进行剂量依赖性治疗可防止生化变化，提高抗氧化剂水平，减少神经炎症，恢复神经递质浓度，并抑制 NF-κB 通路。目前的研究结果表明，Emb可通过抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护机制以及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）酶活性和Aβ-42积累来改善认知功能。

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引用次数: 0

Decrease in phase slip rates and phase cone structures during seizure evolution and epileptogenic activities derived from microgrid ECoG data 从微电网心电图数据得出的癫痫发作演变和致痫活动过程中的相位滑移率下降和相位锥体结构

Current research in neurobiology

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100126

Ceon Ramon , Alexander Doud , Mark D. Holmes

Sudden phase changes are related to cortical phase transitions, which likely change in frequency and spatial distribution as epileptogenic activity evolves. A 100 s long section of micro-ECoG data obtained before and during a seizure was selected and analyzed. In addition, nine other short-duration epileptic events were also examined. The data was collected at 420 Hz, imported into MATLAB, downsampled to 200 Hz, and filtered in the 1–50 Hz band. The Hilbert transform was applied to compute the analytic phase, which was then unwrapped, and detrended to look for sudden phase changes. The phase slip rate (counts/s) and its acceleration (counts/s²) were computed with a stepping window of 1-s duration and with a step size of 5 ms. The analysis was performed for theta (3–7 Hz), alpha (7–12 Hz), and beta (12–30 Hz) bands. The phase slip rate on all electrodes in the theta band decreased while it increased for the alpha and beta bands during the seizure period. Similar patterns were observed for isolated epileptogenic events. Spatiotemporal contour plots of the phase slip rates were also constructed using a montage layout of 8 × 8 electrode positions. These plots exhibited dynamic and oscillatory formation of phase cone-like structures which were higher in the theta band and lower in the alpha and beta bands during the seizure period and epileptogenic events. These results indicate that the formation of phase cones might be an excellent biomarker to study the evolution of a seizure and also the cortical dynamics of isolated epileptogenic events.

突然的相位变化与皮层相位转换有关，随着致痫活动的发展，相位转换的频率和空间分布可能会发生变化。我们选择并分析了在癫痫发作前和发作过程中获得的一段 100 秒长的显微ECoG 数据。此外，还研究了其他九个短时癫痫事件。数据采集频率为 420 Hz，导入 MATLAB 后，降采样至 200 Hz，并在 1-50 Hz 频段进行滤波。应用希尔伯特变换计算分析相位，然后对其进行解包和去趋势处理，以寻找相位的突然变化。计算相位滑移率（计数/秒）及其加速度（计数/秒2）时，步进窗口持续时间为 1 秒，步进大小为 5 毫秒。分析针对θ（3-7赫兹）、α（7-12赫兹）和β（12-30赫兹）频段。在癫痫发作期间，θ 波段所有电极上的相位滑移率下降，而α 和β 波段的相位滑移率上升。在孤立的致痫事件中也观察到类似的模式。我们还使用 8 × 8 个电极位置的蒙太奇布局构建了相位滑移率的时空等值线图。这些图显示了动态和振荡形成的相位锥状结构，在癫痫发作期和致痫事件中，θ波段的相位锥状结构较高，而α和β波段的相位锥状结构较低。这些结果表明，相位锥的形成可能是研究癫痫发作演变以及孤立致痫事件的皮层动态的极佳生物标志物。

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