Conjoined twins are twins whose bodies are anatomically joined in utero. The degree to which the twins are attached can range from simple, involving skin and cartilage, to complex, including fusion of the skull(s), brain(s), or other vital organs. There are more than a dozen classifications of conjoined twins [3] but what they all tend to have in common is the sharing of the chorion [4], placenta [5], and amniotic sac [6].
{"title":"[Conjoined twins].","authors":"A. Ojala, F. Stenbäck, A. Hartikainen","doi":"10.32388/0qgyru","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/0qgyru","url":null,"abstract":"Conjoined twins are twins whose bodies are anatomically joined in utero. The degree to which the twins are attached can range from simple, involving skin and cartilage, to complex, including fusion of the skull(s), brain(s), or other vital organs. There are more than a dozen classifications of conjoined twins [3] but what they all tend to have in common is the sharing of the chorion [4], placenta [5], and amniotic sac [6].","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81691458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Special Focus on Transplantation Immunology issue of Chimerism features papers focusing on the role of chimerism in transplantation immunology. The field of immunologic tolerance, which owes its origins to an experiment of nature resulting in hematopoetic mixed chimerism, is the subject of our featured Forum article—a debate between Jeff Mold and Colin Anderson on the implications for tolerance of the layered development of the human immune system (p. 62). Jeff argues that different species (e.g., mice vs. humans) have different solutions to achieve tolerance, with a preponderance of Treg in fetal life being critical for primates, while Colin considers the primary rules for tolerance are instead conserved and argues for the primacy of central tolerance. The impact of fetal chimerism resulting from pregnancy on the outcome of organ transplantation in women of childbearing age is the subject of a Cutting Edge View Transplantation immunology
{"title":"[Transplantation immunology].","authors":"P. Häyry","doi":"10.32388/v6zhod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/v6zhod","url":null,"abstract":"This Special Focus on Transplantation Immunology issue of Chimerism features papers focusing on the role of chimerism in transplantation immunology. The field of immunologic tolerance, which owes its origins to an experiment of nature resulting in hematopoetic mixed chimerism, is the subject of our featured Forum article—a debate between Jeff Mold and Colin Anderson on the implications for tolerance of the layered development of the human immune system (p. 62). Jeff argues that different species (e.g., mice vs. humans) have different solutions to achieve tolerance, with a preponderance of Treg in fetal life being critical for primates, while Colin considers the primary rules for tolerance are instead conserved and argues for the primacy of central tolerance. The impact of fetal chimerism resulting from pregnancy on the outcome of organ transplantation in women of childbearing age is the subject of a Cutting Edge View Transplantation immunology","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89780895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A peripheral blood finding in which a large number of erythrocytes are shaped in a slightly oval-shaped form.
血球一种外周血的发现，其中大量的红细胞呈微椭圆形
{"title":"[Ovalocytosis].","authors":"L. Haapanen","doi":"10.32388/7qy5vj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/7qy5vj","url":null,"abstract":"A peripheral blood finding in which a large number of erythrocytes are shaped in a slightly oval-shaped form.","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85779012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cachexia is a frequent syndrome in patients suffering from advanced cancer; it is characterized by anorexia, weight loss, and malnutrition, which combined with other psychic and social consequences lead to a deterioration in a patient's quality of life. Various factors play a role in the development of cachexia; these depend on the patient, the type of tumor, and the treatments received. Its complexity warrant the intervention of an interdisciplinary team, in which nursing plays an essential role. Up to present time, the results of pharmaceutical treatment have been rather unfavorable; therefore, nutritional treatments based on advise for concrete problems and dietary supplements gain importance; enteral or parenteral nutrition are reserved for selected cases. Other important aspects are psychological support, control of associated symptoms and the prevention and treatment of any complication which may appear.
{"title":"[Cachexia].","authors":"O. Ukkola","doi":"10.32388/m9b7m6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/m9b7m6","url":null,"abstract":"Cachexia is a frequent syndrome in patients suffering from advanced cancer; it is characterized by anorexia, weight loss, and malnutrition, which combined with other psychic and social consequences lead to a deterioration in a patient's quality of life. Various factors play a role in the development of cachexia; these depend on the patient, the type of tumor, and the treatments received. Its complexity warrant the intervention of an interdisciplinary team, in which nursing plays an essential role. Up to present time, the results of pharmaceutical treatment have been rather unfavorable; therefore, nutritional treatments based on advise for concrete problems and dietary supplements gain importance; enteral or parenteral nutrition are reserved for selected cases. Other important aspects are psychological support, control of associated symptoms and the prevention and treatment of any complication which may appear.","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Honkaniemi, P. Dastidar, H. Haapasalo, V. Kähärä, A. Hietaharju, O. Pammo, J. Mikkola, J. Ahonen, Annamari Sorri, H. Frey
{"title":"[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis].","authors":"J. Honkaniemi, P. Dastidar, H. Haapasalo, V. Kähärä, A. Hietaharju, O. Pammo, J. Mikkola, J. Ahonen, Annamari Sorri, H. Frey","doi":"10.32388/cmgf94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/cmgf94","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74195002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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