Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare form of thrombotic microagiopathy caused dysregulation of the alternative pathway of the complement resulting in tissue. In aHUS, activation of the alternative pathway of the complement is in an aberrant way directed against endothelial cells and blood cells. This is either due to a mutation in a complement factor, most commonly factor H, or an autoantibody against a complement regulator. In some patients the underlying disorder is not identified despite thorough examinations. Typical aHUS-patients have acute kidney injury and microangiopathic hemolysis and, to a varying degree, disturbances of other organs. An effective inhibitor of the final product of complement, eculizumab, has revolutionized the treatment of these patients.
{"title":"Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome.","authors":"K. Kaartinen, Leena Martola, S. Meri","doi":"10.32388/6jrwxy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/6jrwxy","url":null,"abstract":"Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare form of thrombotic microagiopathy caused dysregulation of the alternative pathway of the complement resulting in tissue. In aHUS, activation of the alternative pathway of the complement is in an aberrant way directed against endothelial cells and blood cells. This is either due to a mutation in a complement factor, most commonly factor H, or an autoantibody against a complement regulator. In some patients the underlying disorder is not identified despite thorough examinations. Typical aHUS-patients have acute kidney injury and microangiopathic hemolysis and, to a varying degree, disturbances of other organs. An effective inhibitor of the final product of complement, eculizumab, has revolutionized the treatment of these patients.","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85682341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-22DOI: 10.1787/health_glance_eur-2018-26-en
Suomen Lastenlääkäriyhdistys RyN Assettama Työryhmä
Nearly one in eight children aged 7-8 is obese on average in EU countries (Figure 4.15) (WHO Europe, 2018). Cyprus, Italy, Greece, Malta and Spain show the highest obesity rates in 7-8 year olds. The lowest child obesity rates are in the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Ireland and Latvia. The obesity rate among children aged 7-8 has in fact shown signs of decrease in several EU countries between 2007-08 and 2015-17. This decrease has been particularly strong in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Slovenia, although child obesity rates in Greece and Italy still remain relatively high.
{"title":"[Obesity among children].","authors":"Suomen Lastenlääkäriyhdistys RyN Assettama Työryhmä","doi":"10.1787/health_glance_eur-2018-26-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance_eur-2018-26-en","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly one in eight children aged 7-8 is obese on average in EU countries (Figure 4.15) (WHO Europe, 2018). Cyprus, Italy, Greece, Malta and Spain show the highest obesity rates in 7-8 year olds. The lowest child obesity rates are in the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Ireland and Latvia. The obesity rate among children aged 7-8 has in fact shown signs of decrease in several EU countries between 2007-08 and 2015-17. This decrease has been particularly strong in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Slovenia, although child obesity rates in Greece and Italy still remain relatively high.","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78066239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.22233/9781910443644.app5
B. Mokhlesi, O. Shulzhenko, P. Garimella, L. Kuma, C. Monti
Strongyloides stercoralis is a unique parasite. It can complete its life cycle entirely within the human host. As a result, an autoinfection cycle is set up. As long as there is an intact immune system, the host can control the parasitic burden, and the organism may persist for years after the initial inoculum. Most infected individuals experience mild gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms that may fluctuate for years. When cell-mediated immunity becomes impaired (ie, corticosteroid use, malignancy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the parasite burden will grow, disseminate, and cause hyperinfection. Strongyloidiasis is endemic in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world; additionally, it is also endemic in the southeastern United States. Strongyloidiasis is associated with asthma, preexisting lung disease, and immunosuppression, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eosinophilia is not a prerequisite; therefore, the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis requires a high
{"title":"[Respiratory infections].","authors":"B. Mokhlesi, O. Shulzhenko, P. Garimella, L. Kuma, C. Monti","doi":"10.22233/9781910443644.app5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22233/9781910443644.app5","url":null,"abstract":"Strongyloides stercoralis is a unique parasite. It can complete its life cycle entirely within the human host. As a result, an autoinfection cycle is set up. As long as there is an intact immune system, the host can control the parasitic burden, and the organism may persist for years after the initial inoculum. Most infected individuals experience mild gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms that may fluctuate for years. When cell-mediated immunity becomes impaired (ie, corticosteroid use, malignancy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the parasite burden will grow, disseminate, and cause hyperinfection. Strongyloidiasis is endemic in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world; additionally, it is also endemic in the southeastern United States. Strongyloidiasis is associated with asthma, preexisting lung disease, and immunosuppression, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eosinophilia is not a prerequisite; therefore, the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis requires a high","PeriodicalId":72850,"journal":{"name":"Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81923404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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