首页 > 最新文献

EMJ. Microbiology & infectious diseases最新文献

英文 中文
Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Review of the Established Practice Guidelines 儿童尿路感染:对既定实践指南的回顾
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20-00001
S. Uwaezuoke, A. Ayuk, U. Muoneke
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a significant cause of morbidity in children. Delayed treatment is associated with complications that may result in chronic kidney disease and, subsequently, end-stage kidney disease. Over the years, clinical practice guidelines have advanced to ensure the best global practices in treating the infection and preventing its progression to chronic kidney disease. The established practice guidelines address five main questions: 1) which children should have their urine tested; 2) how the sample should be obtained; 3) which radiological tests are recommended after a diagnosis of UTI; 4) how the infection should be treated; 5) and how affected children should be followed up. There is a substantial overlap in the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines and the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Subtle differences, however, exist between the two established guidelines. An evidence-based paradigm shift of some traditional concepts about UTI in children has contributed to the revision and update of these guidelines. Further research is needed to clarify the role of host and genetic factors in renal scarring, as well as the diagnostic criteria for UTI. This narrative review aims to discuss the current recommendations of these established practice guidelines with an emphasis on the diagnosis, radiological investigation, treatment, and follow-up of UTI in children.
尿路感染(UTI)是儿童发病的重要原因。延迟治疗与并发症有关,这些并发症可能导致慢性肾脏疾病,随后导致终末期肾脏疾病。多年来,临床实践指南不断进步,以确保在治疗感染和预防其发展为慢性肾脏疾病方面采用最佳的全球实践。既定的实践指南解决了五个主要问题:1)哪些儿童应该接受尿液检测;2) 应如何获得样品;3) 在诊断为尿路感染后建议进行哪些放射检查;4) 应如何治疗感染;5) 以及应如何对受影响的儿童进行随访。美国儿科学会(AAP)指南和英国国家健康与临床卓越研究所(NICE)指南的建议有很大的重叠。然而,这两个既定准则之间存在细微的差异。关于儿童尿路感染的一些传统概念的循证范式转变有助于这些指南的修订和更新。需要进一步的研究来阐明宿主和遗传因素在肾脏瘢痕形成中的作用,以及尿路感染的诊断标准。本叙述性综述旨在讨论这些既定实践指南的当前建议,重点是儿童尿路感染的诊断、放射学调查、治疗和随访。
{"title":"Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Review of the \u0000Established Practice Guidelines","authors":"S. Uwaezuoke, A. Ayuk, U. Muoneke","doi":"10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a significant cause of morbidity in children. Delayed treatment is associated with complications that may result in chronic kidney disease and, subsequently, end-stage kidney disease. Over the years, clinical practice guidelines have advanced to ensure the best global practices in treating the infection and preventing its progression to chronic kidney disease. The established practice guidelines address five main questions: 1) which children should have their urine tested; 2) how the sample should be obtained; 3) which radiological tests are recommended after a diagnosis of UTI; 4) how the infection should be treated; 5) and how affected children should be followed up. There is a substantial overlap in the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines and the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Subtle differences, however, exist between the two established guidelines. An evidence-based paradigm shift of some traditional concepts about UTI in children has contributed to the revision and update of these guidelines. Further research is needed to clarify the role of host and genetic factors in renal scarring, as well as the diagnostic criteria for UTI. This narrative review aims to discuss the current recommendations of these established practice guidelines with an emphasis on the diagnosis, radiological investigation, treatment, and follow-up of UTI in children.","PeriodicalId":72900,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41575068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Non-albicans CandidaSpecies Clinical Isolates 非白色念珠菌临床分离株的分子鉴定及抗真菌敏感性分析
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20-00034
K. Diba, K. Makhdoomi, Shima Aboutalebian
Background: There is an increasing incidence of life-threatening systemic mycoses, specifically fulminant infections by the Candida species in hospitalised patients and in those who are immunocompromised. Management of the limited number of antifungal drugs currently available requires the identification of infections containing drug-resistant isolates.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the non-albicans Candida species as azole-resistant fungi, isolated from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of hospitalised cases.Methods: The subjects included hospital-acquired infection (HAI) cases, with a primary diagnosis using a direct microscopic examination, performed for the detection of probable fungi. The molecular tests of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and real-time PCR were performed to confirm the identity and molecular typing of the Candida isolates. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST), by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution (BMD) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (M27-A2) method, was performed on the hospital-isolatedCandida species.Results: During 24 months, from August 2014 to September 2016, a total of 198 samples were obtained from cases with proven HAI. The results of experimental studies on the specimens showed 93 (47%) positive cases for a fungal or bacterial infection, of which 54 (58%) had a fungal infection. It was hypothesised that all of the isolated organisms were causative agents of the HAI.Conclusions: The results showed that the medium CHROMagar™ Candida is an accessible and easy-to-use method for the identification of infection, but not as accurate and reliable as PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR methods. Results also showed decreasing susceptibility to azoles (itraconazole in this study) of the Candida species.
背景:危及生命的全身性真菌病的发病率正在增加,特别是住院患者和免疫功能低下患者中念珠菌物种的暴发性感染。管理目前可用的有限数量的抗真菌药物需要识别含有耐药分离株的感染。目的:本研究的目的是鉴定从住院病例的痰液和支气管肺泡灌洗液标本中分离出的非白色念珠菌属抗唑真菌。方法:研究对象包括医院获得性感染(HAI)病例,通过直接显微镜检查进行初步诊断,以检测可能的真菌。采用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和实时荧光定量PCR对分离的念珠菌进行鉴定和分子分型。采用临床与实验室标准协会(CLSI)肉汤微量稀释(BMD)最低抑菌浓度(MIC) (M27-A2)法对医院分离的念珠菌进行抗真菌药敏试验(AFST)。结果:2014年8月至2016年9月24个月内,共采集确诊HAI病例198份样本。标本实验研究结果显示,真菌或细菌感染阳性93例(47%),其中真菌感染54例(58%)。假设所有分离的生物都是HAI的病原体。结论:培养基CHROMagar™念珠菌是一种易于使用的感染鉴定方法,但不如PCR- rflp和real-time PCR方法准确可靠。结果还显示念珠菌对唑类药物(本研究为伊曲康唑)的敏感性降低。
{"title":"Molecular Identification and Antifungal \u0000Susceptibility Profiles of Non-albicans Candida\u0000Species Clinical Isolates","authors":"K. Diba, K. Makhdoomi, Shima Aboutalebian","doi":"10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20-00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20-00034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is an increasing incidence of life-threatening systemic mycoses, specifically fulminant infections by the Candida species in hospitalised patients and in those who are immunocompromised. Management of the limited number of antifungal drugs currently available requires the identification of infections containing drug-resistant isolates.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the non-albicans Candida species as azole-resistant fungi, isolated from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of hospitalised cases.\u0000\u0000Methods: The subjects included hospital-acquired infection (HAI) cases, with a primary diagnosis using a direct microscopic examination, performed for the detection of probable fungi. The molecular tests of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and real-time PCR were performed to confirm the identity and molecular typing of the Candida isolates. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST), by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution (BMD) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (M27-A2) method, was performed on the hospital-isolated\u0000Candida species.\u0000\u0000Results: During 24 months, from August 2014 to September 2016, a total of 198 samples were obtained from cases with proven HAI. The results of experimental studies on the specimens showed 93 (47%) positive cases for a fungal or bacterial infection, of which 54 (58%) had a fungal infection. It was hypothesised that all of the isolated organisms were causative agents of the HAI.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: The results showed that the medium CHROMagar™ Candida is an accessible and easy-to-use method for the identification of infection, but not as accurate and reliable as PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR methods. Results also showed decreasing susceptibility to azoles (itraconazole in this study) of the Candida species.","PeriodicalId":72900,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48060122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lessons Learned from a Global History of Pandemics 从全球流行病史中吸取的教训
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20f20601
Lenos Archer-Diaby
PANDEMIC: the term making headlines across the world, instilling fear in many, and urging scientists across the world to unite and find a cure. For as long as the global population has exploited freedom of travel, so too have infectious diseases spread. Outbreaks have been nearly constant since the dawn of mankind; however, not all escalate to global levels. There have been many pandemics in history, the most recent being COVID-19 declared as such by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 12th, 2020.1 As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt our everyday lives, it is important to look back in history and reflect on what previous pandemics have taught us.
流行病:这个词成为世界各地的头条新闻,给许多人灌输恐惧,并敦促世界各地的科学家团结起来,找到治愈方法。只要全球人口利用了旅行自由,传染病也会传播。自人类诞生以来,疫情几乎一直在持续;然而,并非所有国家都升级到全球层面。历史上曾发生过许多大流行,最近的一次是世界卫生组织(世界卫生组织)于2020年3月12日宣布的新冠肺炎。1随着新冠肺炎大流行继续扰乱我们的日常生活,重要的是回顾历史,反思以前的大流行教会了我们什么。
{"title":"Lessons Learned from a Global History of Pandemics","authors":"Lenos Archer-Diaby","doi":"10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20f20601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20f20601","url":null,"abstract":"PANDEMIC: the term making headlines across the world, instilling fear in many, and urging scientists across the world to unite and find a cure. For as long as the global population has exploited freedom of travel, so too have infectious diseases spread. Outbreaks have been nearly constant since the dawn of mankind; however, not all escalate to global levels. There have been many pandemics in history, the most recent being COVID-19 declared as such by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 12th, 2020.1 As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt our everyday lives, it is important to look back in history and reflect on what previous pandemics have taught us.","PeriodicalId":72900,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47276126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Know Thine Enemy: Viral Genome Sequencing in Outbreaks 了解你的敌人:疫情中的病毒基因组测序
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20f10601
K. Colvin
CONTAINING a viral outbreak with public health measures firstly requires identification of the causative virus, followed by more detailed understanding of viral features. Genomic sequencing provides exhaustive insight into viral features that may help predict outbreak behaviours, assist in diagnosis and tracking, and shape treatment and vaccination strategies. When coupled with epidemiologic study of outbreak data, viral genomic sequencing can be used to direct public health measures and increase the speed of understanding compared to epidemiology alone.Community spread of cases can be used to guide mathematic models and contact tracing of viral outbreaks for public health response. However, epidemiologic data alone better suits responses to low-prevalence and less-widespread outbreaks. Where pathogens have a longer latency period or spread affects rural and remote communities, features of the virus itself must be considered in determining the response. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, identified using molecular biology tools, can clarify the type and strain of a virus responsible for an outbreak, and inform and improve case diagnosis, treatment options, and vaccine development, as well as improve tracing accuracy.1
通过公共卫生措施遏制病毒爆发首先需要确定致病病毒,然后更详细地了解病毒特征。基因组测序提供了对病毒特征的详尽了解,这些特征可能有助于预测疫情行为,协助诊断和跟踪,并制定治疗和疫苗接种策略。与流行病学数据的流行病学研究相结合,病毒基因组测序可用于指导公共卫生措施,与单独流行病学相比,可提高理解速度。病例的社区传播可用于指导病毒暴发的数学模型和接触者追踪,以供公共卫生应对。然而,流行病学数据本身更适合于应对低流行率和不太广泛的疫情。在病原体潜伏期较长或传播影响农村和偏远社区的情况下,在确定应对措施时必须考虑到病毒本身的特征。利用分子生物学工具确定基因型和表型特征,可以澄清导致疫情的病毒的类型和毒株,为病例诊断、治疗方案和疫苗开发提供信息和改进,并提高追踪的准确性
{"title":"Know Thine Enemy: Viral Genome Sequencing in Outbreaks","authors":"K. Colvin","doi":"10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20f10601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjmicrobiolinfectdis/20f10601","url":null,"abstract":"CONTAINING a viral outbreak with public health measures firstly requires identification of the causative virus, followed by more detailed understanding of viral features. Genomic sequencing provides exhaustive insight into viral features that may help predict outbreak behaviours, assist in diagnosis and tracking, and shape treatment and vaccination strategies. When coupled with epidemiologic study of outbreak data, viral genomic sequencing can be used to direct public health measures and increase the speed of understanding compared to epidemiology alone.\u0000\u0000Community spread of cases can be used to guide mathematic models and contact tracing of viral outbreaks for public health response. However, epidemiologic data alone better suits responses to low-prevalence and less-widespread outbreaks. Where pathogens have a longer latency period or spread affects rural and remote communities, features of the virus itself must be considered in determining the response. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, identified using molecular biology tools, can clarify the type and strain of a virus responsible for an outbreak, and inform and improve case diagnosis, treatment options, and vaccine development, as well as improve tracing accuracy.1","PeriodicalId":72900,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45488125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
EMJ. Microbiology & infectious diseases
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1