Advanced Sustainable Systems最新文献

The development of high-performance and sustainable lithium-ion batteries urgently demands eco-friendly materials that transcend conventional functions. Lithium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC-Li), a green, low-cost, and water-processable biopolymer derived from renewable cellulose, is emerging as a key enabler in this field. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements of CMC-Li, highlighting its evolution from a simple binder to a versatile, multi-role platform that significantly enhances battery sustainability. We elaborate on its multifunctional roles as an ion-conducting binder for both liquid and solid-state systems, an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) component for stabilizing lithium metal anodes, and a functional additive in solid polymer electrolytes. The underlying green advantages and mechanisms—including a unique Li⁺ hopping transport, the formation of a stable LiF-rich SEI, and dynamic binding interactions—are critically discussed. Furthermore, we systematically outline performance optimization strategies via physical blending, chemical modification, and process control to overcome intrinsic brittleness while maintaining its environmental benignity. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are prospected, emphasizing the potential of CMC-Li as a multifunctional interface architect in next-generation green energy storage systems, such as those with lithium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes. This review aims to provide insightful guidance for the rational design of CMC-Li-based materials for future sustainable batteries.

Recently, noble metal nanoparticles (e.g., Au, Ag, and Pt) have gained widespread attention as promising co-catalysts with potential applications in reducing O₂ into H₂O₂. However, the O₂-to-H₂O₂ conversion efficiency is generally limited due to their inherent weak adsorption capability toward O₂. Herein, we have designed p-type Ag/CdZnS Schottky junctions to address this issue. It is demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles are regulated to be electron-deficient through diffusion of thermoelectrons (thermally excited at any temperature) from Ag to CdZnS, thereby enhancing O₂ adsorption on the Ag active sites. On the other hand, the photoelectrons generated in CdZnS during the photocatalysis process are driven by the created interface electric field to reach the Ag active sites for photoreduction reactions. The yield rate of H₂O₂ over the optimal photocatalyst 0.7Ag/CZS reaches 1450 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, showing a 3.1 fold increase over that of single CdZnS. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental characterizations were combined to elucidate the charge transfer, O₂ adsorption, and photocatalysis mechanisms. The present work highlights an important strategy to optimize the noble metal co-catalysts for achieving excellent photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are prized for their exceptional cycle life, operational stability, inherent safety, and maintainability. The electrolyte is a critical component, directly governing their electrochemical performance. This study investigates molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) as a capacitive electrode material across chloride-based electrolytes (LiCl, KCl, NaCl, ZnCl₂). Findings reveal that the divalent Zn²⁺ ion enables significantly enhanced energy storage compared to monovalent cations. The MoS₂ electrode in the Zn²⁺-based electrolyte achieved a remarkably high specific capacitance of 630.5 F/g at 1 A/g, vastly outperforming LiCl, KCl, and NaCl (413.55, 281.94, and 275.73 F/g, respectively). It also demonstrated exceptional long-term stability, retaining 97% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate these results, indicating a stronger adsorption interaction between Zn²⁺ ions and the MoS₂, which elucidates the superior charge storage. To demonstrate practical viability, an asymmetric SC (MoS₂//CP) was assembled. This device delivered a high capacitance of 260.5 F/g at 1 A/g and maintained ∼ 93% of its capacity over 10 000 cycles within a 0.0–1.6 V voltage window. This work provides fundamental insights and a promising pathway for developing high-performance, durable MoS₂-based Zn²⁺-ion SCs, advancing the field of advanced energy storage solutions.

The photocatalytic efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is constrained by its inherent limitations of inefficient charge carrier transfer and a scarcity of active surface sites. To surmount these challenges, we herein report a rational design of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets featuring synchronous cyano-defects and (S, Na, B) co-doping (CNS-NaB). This synergistic modification enhances charge separation and provides abundant catalytic centers. Through comprehensive structural characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidate the distinct roles of each dopant in generating a synergistic effect. Specifically, Na─N coordination facilitates interlayer charges transfer, B─N bond optimizes the electronic properties, and S─C bond serves as active sites. Meanwhile, the cyano-defects work as electron acceptors and charge-transfer mediators. These synergy interactions spatially separate the LUMO and HOMO in CNS-NaB, inhibit the charge recombination, and reduce the exciton binding energy to 51.50 meV. As a result, CNS-NaB exhibits a CO₂-to-CO conversion rate of 779.2 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹, and enhanced H₂ evolution rate of 3637.9 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹, with an apparent quantum yield of 15.6% at 432 nm. This study proves that element co-doping coupled with structural defect offers a good strategy to optimize the electronic properties, and the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ for solar-to-chemical conversion.

Fe₇S₈@C composites have been synthesized by employing Zn/Fe-MOF-74 as a sacrificial template and followed by sulfurization treatment. Fe₇S₈@C composites exhibit a dual morphology, comprising spindle-like frameworks with secondary submicron particles dispersed throughout. When applied as a sodium-ion battery (SIB) anode, the Fe₇S₈@C composites exhibit superior electrochemical properties with superior rate performance and extraordinary cyclical stability, achieving a reversible specific capacity of 333 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹ upon 2000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the Fe₇S₈@C composite arises from the synergistic effects of its distinctive architecture, in which Fe₇S₈ is responsible for providing a high capacity, and homogeneously distributed Fe₇S₈ nanocrystals confined within the porous carbon framework collectively suppress particle agglomeration, promote fast charge transfer kinetics, and guarantee optimal electrolyte accessibility. It is encouraging that our synthetic strategy can be extended to prepare various metal sulfide@carbon composites as superior anode materials for SIBs.

During the long-term landfill disposal of low-alkaline fly ash, the risk of heavy metal release increases due to carbon dioxide influence, threatening groundwater and human health. This study simulated landfill conditions using accelerated carbonation experiments and the LandSim–HELP model to evaluate the environmental risk of leachate leakage. The findings indicate that the process of carbonation notably enhanced the release of heavy metals from fly ash. Post-carbonation, the emergence of flaky or spherical forms (such as CaCO₃, CaSO₄) on the fly ash surface was observed, alongside a marked escalation in the quantity of components soluble in acid. Specifically, the concentration of Cd in the CS2 sample escalated from 0.01 to 0.55 mg/L, surpassing the permissible limit by a factor of 3.67, while the level of Pb climbed to 0.24 mg/L. Under single artificial composite liner conditions, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in several samples surpassed Class III groundwater standards, with Cd's carcinogenic risk in CS2 being 45.5 times the acceptable level. Upgrading to a double liner reduced heavy metal concentrations and risks to acceptable levels. This study emphasizes the importance of enhanced impermeability measures in reducing environmental risks from stabilized fly ash disposal, offering technical support for safe landfill practices.