The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. While the virus primarily targets the respiratory system, it also affects other organs in the body, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Recent studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and development of MODS. Since its discovery in 2000, ACE2 has garnered widespread attention for its multiple physiological roles, leading to subsequent interest in the influence of the Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 during the pandemic. ACE2 is both an enzyme and a functional receptor on cell surfaces through which SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells. Recent research has highlighted the multifaceted impact of the virus on various organs, showcasing its ability to induce severe multi-organ injuries. Understanding the intricate interplay between ACE2, RAS, and the pathophysiological changes associated with COVID-19 is crucial for the development of effective treatment strategies and preventative measures. This study investigates the differences in causes of death related to COVID-19 and its complications. Data from cumulative records for all age groups across the 50 states of the USA and the District of Columbia was retrospectively analyzed. The results revealed significant differences in the incidence of COVID-19 deaths associated with various medical conditions, with respiratory complications showing notably higher incidence compared to other medical conditions besides COVID-19, circulatory, and diabetes.
{"title":"The role of ACE2 cause of death between COVID-19 and various complications","authors":"Maryam Nourbakhsh","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14790","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. While the virus primarily targets the respiratory system, it also affects other organs in the body, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Recent studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and development of MODS.\u0000Since its discovery in 2000, ACE2 has garnered widespread attention for its multiple physiological roles, leading to subsequent interest in the influence of the Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 during the pandemic.\u0000ACE2 is both an enzyme and a functional receptor on cell surfaces through which SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells. Recent research has highlighted the multifaceted impact of the virus on various organs, showcasing its ability to induce severe multi-organ injuries. Understanding the intricate interplay between ACE2, RAS, and the pathophysiological changes associated with COVID-19 is crucial for the development of effective treatment strategies and preventative measures.\u0000This study investigates the differences in causes of death related to COVID-19 and its complications. Data from cumulative records for all age groups across the 50 states of the USA and the District of Columbia was retrospectively analyzed. The results revealed significant differences in the incidence of COVID-19 deaths associated with various medical conditions, with respiratory complications showing notably higher incidence compared to other medical conditions besides COVID-19, circulatory, and diabetes.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":"39 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluoride is an anionic pollutant found in surface or ground water in large quantities due to various human activities, for examples, disposal of industrial wastewater or geochemical reactions. The presence of fluoride in drinking water above certain limits has intense effects on human health. It strengthens the tooth enamel to a small level (1.0-1.5 mg/L). In drinking water, the presence of fluoride in the range of 1.5 to 4.0 mg/L may give rise to dental fluorosis at initial the stage, while the continuous exposure to high fluoride concentrations (4.0-10.0 mg/L) leads to skeletal fluorosis. In many countries of the world, including Pakistan, fluoride exists in ground water in high concentration, reaching above 30.0 mg/L on a large scale. The objective of writing this article is to offer accurate information on the efforts of a number of scholars who worked on fluoride removal from drinking water. The fluoride removal techniques have been categorized into two parts dealing with coagulation/precipitation and adsorption. Lime and alum (Nalgonda technique) and chitin have been discussed under coagulation technologies, while adsorption deals with a number of adsorbents, i.e., activated carbon, activated alumina, saw dust, bone char, rice husk ash, bauxite, tea-ash, and kaolin. Each technique discussed can remove fluoride under certain conditions. Each treatment technology has its limitations, and since there is no technology that can achieve its purpose in diverse conditions, the choice of fluoride removal techniques should be according to a specific site, depending on fundamental conditions and the needs of the local area.
{"title":"Defluoridation of drinking water by using low cost point of use treatment technologies: A review","authors":"Sadaf Tagar, Muhammad Rizwan, N. A. Qambrani","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14739","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride is an anionic pollutant found in surface or ground water in large quantities due to various human activities, for examples, disposal of industrial wastewater or geochemical reactions. The presence of fluoride in drinking water above certain limits has intense effects on human health. It strengthens the tooth enamel to a small level (1.0-1.5 mg/L). In drinking water, the presence of fluoride in the range of 1.5 to 4.0 mg/L may give rise to dental fluorosis at initial the stage, while the continuous exposure to high fluoride concentrations (4.0-10.0 mg/L) leads to skeletal fluorosis. In many countries of the world, including Pakistan, fluoride exists in ground water in high concentration, reaching above 30.0 mg/L on a large scale. The objective of writing this article is to offer accurate information on the efforts of a number of scholars who worked on fluoride removal from drinking water. The fluoride removal techniques have been categorized into two parts dealing with coagulation/precipitation and adsorption. Lime and alum (Nalgonda technique) and chitin have been discussed under coagulation technologies, while adsorption deals with a number of adsorbents, i.e., activated carbon, activated alumina, saw dust, bone char, rice husk ash, bauxite, tea-ash, and kaolin. Each technique discussed can remove fluoride under certain conditions. Each treatment technology has its limitations, and since there is no technology that can achieve its purpose in diverse conditions, the choice of fluoride removal techniques should be according to a specific site, depending on fundamental conditions and the needs of the local area.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":"1979 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmet Kaya, S. Bostan, Yasemin Kaya, Esra Demir, Nur Abdullah, Samet Yesil
Aim: Medical education has traditionally been a face-to-face and hands-on field of education. Recently, the development of educational technologies, epidemics, and disasters have made it necessary to use online education method in addition to the traditional method in medical education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate medical students’ perspectives on online medical education. Methods: This study was carried out as a descriptive, cross-sectional and cohort research with the participation of 906 medical faculty students in Türkiye. Data were collected with “distance education evaluation scale for medical faculty students” scale. Descriptive statistics and significance tests (t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey tests) were used to analyze the data. Results: Medical students stated that online education was economically and time-efficient, that they had difficulty in following the courses, and that they could not manage patients with the knowledge and skills they would gain through online education. Conclusions: Medical students do not recommend that medical education should be done only through online education. However, it was evaluated that online education should also be utilized, in other words, it would be beneficial to develop hybrid education models.
{"title":"Exploring medical students’ perspectives on online education in medical education","authors":"Ahmet Kaya, S. Bostan, Yasemin Kaya, Esra Demir, Nur Abdullah, Samet Yesil","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14622","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Medical education has traditionally been a face-to-face and hands-on field of education. Recently, the development of educational technologies, epidemics, and disasters have made it necessary to use online education method in addition to the traditional method in medical education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate medical students’ perspectives on online medical education.\u0000Methods: This study was carried out as a descriptive, cross-sectional and cohort research with the participation of 906 medical faculty students in Türkiye. Data were collected with “distance education evaluation scale for medical faculty students” scale. Descriptive statistics and significance tests (t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey tests) were used to analyze the data.\u0000Results: Medical students stated that online education was economically and time-efficient, that they had difficulty in following the courses, and that they could not manage patients with the knowledge and skills they would gain through online education.\u0000Conclusions: Medical students do not recommend that medical education should be done only through online education. However, it was evaluated that online education should also be utilized, in other words, it would be beneficial to develop hybrid education models.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review compares depression and suicide rates in the UK and Pakistan, highlighting disparities and challenges in mental health care. While depression affects one in six individuals in the UK, limited resources, stigma, and funding constraints in Pakistan result in a shortage of mental health professionals, particularly in rural areas. The complex relationship between depression and suicide is explored, emphasizing the need for multifaceted intervention strategies. Disparities in suicide rates underscore socio-cultural and healthcare system differences. While the UK implements comprehensive prevention strategies, Pakistan struggles with underreporting, stigma, and limited access to care. Notably, Thar Desert Region in Pakistan has seen a surge in suicides, reflecting socio-economic challenges. Globally, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) mental health gap action program aims to address treatment gaps, yet disparities persist. Collaborative efforts are needed to invest in mental health infrastructure, reduce stigma, and increase awareness, promoting mental well-being globally.
{"title":"Understanding depression and suicide rates in the UK in comparison to Pakistan","authors":"Aneesa Arshad, Mohammed Taiyyib","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14470","url":null,"abstract":"This review compares depression and suicide rates in the UK and Pakistan, highlighting disparities and challenges in mental health care. While depression affects one in six individuals in the UK, limited resources, stigma, and funding constraints in Pakistan result in a shortage of mental health professionals, particularly in rural areas. The complex relationship between depression and suicide is explored, emphasizing the need for multifaceted intervention strategies. Disparities in suicide rates underscore socio-cultural and healthcare system differences. While the UK implements comprehensive prevention strategies, Pakistan struggles with underreporting, stigma, and limited access to care. Notably, Thar Desert Region in Pakistan has seen a surge in suicides, reflecting socio-economic challenges. Globally, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) mental health gap action program aims to address treatment gaps, yet disparities persist. Collaborative efforts are needed to invest in mental health infrastructure, reduce stigma, and increase awareness, promoting mental well-being globally.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life events are usually followed by significant changes in the everyday routines of the affected individuals. In this study, we investigated the association of the changes in daily activities caused by the strict COVID-19 lockdown measures adopted in Greece to people’s psycho-emotional adjustment. A new measure, the everyday life change index (ELCI), was administered to 853 adults, while their psychological distress was measured with the depression-anxiety-stress scale (DASS-21). Results showed that the greater the changes a person experienced in their daily life due to lockdown, the higher the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress they manifested. We suggest that life-event-induced changes in routine activities could be a meaningful measure for clinical practice.
{"title":"Life-event-induced changes in daily routines: Their association with the manifestation of dysphoric emotions","authors":"Vasiliki Brouskeli, Kyriaki Nikolaidou","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14431","url":null,"abstract":"Life events are usually followed by significant changes in the everyday routines of the affected individuals. In this study, we investigated the association of the changes in daily activities caused by the strict COVID-19 lockdown measures adopted in Greece to people’s psycho-emotional adjustment. A new measure, the everyday life change index (ELCI), was administered to 853 adults, while their psychological distress was measured with the depression-anxiety-stress scale (DASS-21). Results showed that the greater the changes a person experienced in their daily life due to lockdown, the higher the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress they manifested. We suggest that life-event-induced changes in routine activities could be a meaningful measure for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Digital health literacy and quality of life association with perceptions about the disease COVID-19 in public health services may have been little studied to date to examine socio-demographic parameters. Materials & methods: This research was conducted using self-report about digital health literacy, and quality of life questionnaires to participants attending in the Hippocrates Hospital Athens Greece (n=167). Initially, participants were asked to answer questions regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data of the study were analyzed using SPSS 26 IBM. Results: Study’s findings from has to do with the role of age. People who are younger in age seem to be more likely to think that quality of life is just a flu-like illness and generally harmless. In addition, the stronger the perceived impact of the pandemic, the higher the digital health literacy of the participants. Conclusions: The findings of this study regarding the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the examined parameters are in line with previous literature. Moreover, this study highlights the central role of digital health literacy in relation to the perception of the severity of the situation during quality of life associated with pandemic.
背景：数字健康素养和生活质量与公共卫生服务机构对 COVID-19 疾病的看法有关，但迄今为止，有关社会人口学参数的研究可能很少：本研究采用自我报告数字健康素养和生活质量问卷的方式，对希腊雅典希波克拉底医院（Hippocrates Hospital）的就诊者（n=167）进行调查。最初，参与者被要求回答有关 COVID-19 大流行影响的问题。研究数据使用 SPSS 26 IBM 进行分析：研究结果与年龄的作用有关。年龄较小的人似乎更倾向于认为生活质量只是一种类似流感的疾病，一般不会造成危害。此外，大流行病的影响感知越强，参与者的数字健康素养就越高：本研究关于社会人口变量与所研究参数之间关系的结论与以往的文献一致。此外，本研究还强调了数字健康素养在与大流行病相关的生活质量期间对情况严重程度的感知方面所起的核心作用。
{"title":"Digital health literacy and quality of life association with perceptions about the disease COVID-19 in public health services","authors":"Ioannis Pantelis Adamopoulos, A. Bardavouras","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Digital health literacy and quality of life association with perceptions about the disease COVID-19 in public health services may have been little studied to date to examine socio-demographic parameters.\u0000Materials & methods: This research was conducted using self-report about digital health literacy, and quality of life questionnaires to participants attending in the Hippocrates Hospital Athens Greece (n=167). Initially, participants were asked to answer questions regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data of the study were analyzed using SPSS 26 IBM.\u0000Results: Study’s findings from has to do with the role of age. People who are younger in age seem to be more likely to think that quality of life is just a flu-like illness and generally harmless. In addition, the stronger the perceived impact of the pandemic, the higher the digital health literacy of the participants.\u0000Conclusions: The findings of this study regarding the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the examined parameters are in line with previous literature. Moreover, this study highlights the central role of digital health literacy in relation to the perception of the severity of the situation during quality of life associated with pandemic.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intricate interplay between the mind and the brain underpins the complexities of mental health disorders. Clinical psychology and neuropsychology, as distinct yet interrelated disciplines, offer valuable insights into unraveling this interplay. This paper aims to explore the synergies between clinical psychology and neuropsychology, emphasizing their complementary roles in understanding and intervening in mind-brain disorders. By examining their shared principles, distinctive approaches, and collaborative potential, this paper seeks to illuminate how the integration of these disciplines can contribute to a holistic approach to mental health assessment and treatment. The primary aim of this paper is to elucidate the interconnections and collaborations between clinical psychology and neuropsychology in the context of mind-brain disorders. By examining their shared tenets, distinctive methodologies, and potential integration, this paper seeks to highlight how these disciplines can collectively enhance our comprehension of mental health disorders and optimize interventions.
{"title":"Integrating clinical psychology and neuropsychology: Advancing insights and interventions in mind-brain disorders","authors":"Maria Theodoratou","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14126","url":null,"abstract":"The intricate interplay between the mind and the brain underpins the complexities of mental health disorders. Clinical psychology and neuropsychology, as distinct yet interrelated disciplines, offer valuable insights into unraveling this interplay. This paper aims to explore the synergies between clinical psychology and neuropsychology, emphasizing their complementary roles in understanding and intervening in mind-brain disorders. By examining their shared principles, distinctive approaches, and collaborative potential, this paper seeks to illuminate how the integration of these disciplines can contribute to a holistic approach to mental health assessment and treatment. The primary aim of this paper is to elucidate the interconnections and collaborations between clinical psychology and neuropsychology in the context of mind-brain disorders. By examining their shared tenets, distinctive methodologies, and potential integration, this paper seeks to highlight how these disciplines can collectively enhance our comprehension of mental health disorders and optimize interventions.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":"51 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decision-making process (DMP), our everyday most frequent action, has attracted the attention of a wide range of disciplines aiming to identify and analyze its determinants, encompassing specific steps. This paper intends to investigate whether nutrition and habits of managers/employees–via hormone levels–might statistically influence DMP in the business field. Some groups of food could encourage the secretion of specific hormones, which in turn influence the brain’s function that may in turn affect humans’ behavior and emotional status, and hence, their decision. To explore the set hypothesis, fieldwork was undertaken to an extensive random sample, from Greek companies/organizations, using appropriately designed questionnaire to select and statistically analyze related quantitative and qualitative information. The questionnaire was distributed to the employees/managers (n=242) of Greek companies. The findings confirm this hypothesis (statistical significance, p<0.05) and indicate that DMP is influenced by nutrition and habits in interaction with body mass index.
{"title":"Self-care practices in decision-making: How nutrition and habits may affect decision in business","authors":"Georgios Lountzis","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14128","url":null,"abstract":"Decision-making process (DMP), our everyday most frequent action, has attracted the attention of a wide range of disciplines aiming to identify and analyze its determinants, encompassing specific steps. This paper intends to investigate whether nutrition and habits of managers/employees–via hormone levels–might statistically influence DMP in the business field. Some groups of food could encourage the secretion of specific hormones, which in turn influence the brain’s function that may in turn affect humans’ behavior and emotional status, and hence, their decision. To explore the set hypothesis, fieldwork was undertaken to an extensive random sample, from Greek companies/organizations, using appropriately designed questionnaire to select and statistically analyze related quantitative and qualitative information. The questionnaire was distributed to the employees/managers (n=242) of Greek companies. The findings confirm this hypothesis (statistical significance, p<0.05) and indicate that DMP is influenced by nutrition and habits in interaction with body mass index.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria is the leading cause of death globally, especially in sub-Saharan African countries claiming over 400,000 deaths globally each year, underscoring the critical need for continued efforts to combat this preventable and treatable disease. The objective of this study is to provide statistical guidance on the optimal preventive and control measures against malaria. Data have been collected from reliable sources, such as World Health Organization, UNICEF, Our World in Data, and STATcompiler. Data were categorized according to the factors and sub-factors related to deaths caused by malaria. These factors and sub-factors were determined based on root cause analysis and data sources. Using JMP 16 Pro software, both linear and multiple linear regression were conducted to analyze the data. The analyses aimed to establish a linear relationship between the dependent variable (malaria deaths in the overall population) and independent variables, such as life expectancy, malaria prevalence in children, net usage, indoor residual spraying usage, literate population, and population with inadequate sanitation in each selected sample country. The statistical analysis revealed that using insecticide treated nets (ITNs) by children and individuals significantly decreased the death count, as 1,000 individuals sleeping under ITNs could reduce the death count by eight. Based on the statistical analysis, this study suggests more rigorous research on the usage of ITNs.
疟疾是导致全球死亡的主要原因，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲国家，每年全球有 40 多万人死于疟疾，这说明我们亟需继续努力防治这种可防可治的疾病。本研究旨在为疟疾的最佳预防和控制措施提供统计指导。数据收集自世界卫生组织、联合国儿童基金会、Our World in Data 和 STATcompiler 等可靠来源。数据根据与疟疾导致的死亡有关的因素和子因素进行分类。这些因素和子因素是根据根本原因分析和数据来源确定的。使用 JMP 16 Pro 软件对数据进行了线性和多元线性回归分析。这些分析旨在建立因变量（总人口中的疟疾死亡人数）与自变量之间的线性关系，这些自变量包括每个选定样本国家的预期寿命、儿童疟疾流行率、蚊帐使用率、室内滞留喷洒使用率、识字人口以及卫生条件不足的人口。统计分析显示，儿童和个人使用驱虫蚊帐可显著减少死亡人数，因为 1 000 人睡在驱虫蚊帐内可减少 8 人死亡。根据统计分析，本研究建议对驱虫蚊帐的使用进行更严格的研究。
{"title":"Malaria incidence and prevalence: An ecological analysis through Six Sigma approach","authors":"Md. Al-Amin, Kesava Chandran Vijaya Bhaskar, Walaa Enab, Reza Kamali Miab, Jennifer Slavin, Nigar Sultana","doi":"10.29333/ejeph/14127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/14127","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is the leading cause of death globally, especially in sub-Saharan African countries claiming over 400,000 deaths globally each year, underscoring the critical need for continued efforts to combat this preventable and treatable disease. The objective of this study is to provide statistical guidance on the optimal preventive and control measures against malaria. Data have been collected from reliable sources, such as World Health Organization, UNICEF, Our World in Data, and STATcompiler. Data were categorized according to the factors and sub-factors related to deaths caused by malaria. These factors and sub-factors were determined based on root cause analysis and data sources. Using JMP 16 Pro software, both linear and multiple linear regression were conducted to analyze the data. The analyses aimed to establish a linear relationship between the dependent variable (malaria deaths in the overall population) and independent variables, such as life expectancy, malaria prevalence in children, net usage, indoor residual spraying usage, literate population, and population with inadequate sanitation in each selected sample country. The statistical analysis revealed that using insecticide treated nets (ITNs) by children and individuals significantly decreased the death count, as 1,000 individuals sleeping under ITNs could reduce the death count by eight. Based on the statistical analysis, this study suggests more rigorous research on the usage of ITNs.","PeriodicalId":72973,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environment and public health","volume":"37 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nilüfer Acar Tek, M. Ş. Karaçil Ermumcu, Nazlıcan Erdoğan Gövez, Merve Esra Çıtar Dazıroğlu
Sustainable nutrition have become widespread throughout the world. It was aimed to question the awareness, knowledge and the attitude of sustainable nutrition in individuals in wide age range. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 3,498 volunteers (1,575 male and 1,923 female) between the ages of 18-95. The questionnaire form was by face to face interview method. The concept of sustainable nutrition was heard higher in women (22.7%), those living in urban areas (22.8%) and in the 18-24 age group (26.6%) (p<0.05). Almost half (49.1%) of the individuals aged 65+ had no idea about the best practice about sustainable nutrition and as the age of the group increased, the knowledge decreased (p<0.05). Only %6 of the individuals heard about the food mile, while the most heard concept was the carbon footprint (28%). There are differences in the attitudes of individuals regarding sustainable nutrition according to gender, age and region of residence.
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