Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.05.001
Objective
To investigate potential differences in pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes between 2 hyperandrogenic conditions in reproductive-aged women: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
Design
Retrospective population-based study with data from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database from 2004–2014.
Setting
Not applicable.
Patient(s)
A total of 14,881 women with PCOS and 298 women with CAH.
Intervention(s)
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
Gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta previa, pregnancy-induced hypertension (HTN), gestational HTN, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preeclampsia and eclampsia superimposed on HTN, preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membrane, abruptio placenta, chorioamnionitis, mode of delivery, maternal infection, hysterectomy, blood transfusion, venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy, intrapartum, or postpartum), maternal death, chorioamnionitis, septicemia during labor, postpartum endometritis, septic pelvic, peritonitis, small for gestational age, congenital anomalies, and intrauterine fetal demise.
Result(s)
After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that women with PCOS were at increased risk of developing pregnancy-induced HTN (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.77) and gestational diabetes (adjusted OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.12–2.52) when compared with women with CAH. Contrary women with CAH were at increased risk for delivery via cesarean section (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44–0.80) and small for gestational age neonates (adjusted OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.20–0.52).
Conclusion(s)
To our knowledge, this study is the first to directly compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between patients with PCOS and CAH. Despite the similar phenotypes and some common hormonal and biochemical profiles, such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism, our results suggest the existence of additional metabolic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications.
目的 探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和先天性肾上腺皮质增生症（CAH）这两种育龄妇女高雄激素症在妊娠、分娩和新生儿结局方面的潜在差异。设计以人群为基础的回顾性研究，数据来自2004-2014年的医疗成本和利用项目--全国住院患者样本数据库。主要结果指标：妊娠糖尿病、前置胎盘、妊娠诱发高血压（HTN）、妊娠高血压、子痫前期、子痫、子痫前期和子痫叠加高血压、早产、早产胎膜早破、胎盘早剥、绒毛膜羊膜炎、分娩方式、产妇感染、输血、静脉血栓栓塞（孕期、产中或产后的深静脉血栓和肺栓塞）、产妇死亡、绒毛膜羊膜炎、分娩期败血症、产后子宫内膜炎、化脓性盆腔炎、腹膜炎、胎龄小、先天性畸形和胎儿宫内死亡。研究结果：在对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后，我们发现与患有CAH的妇女相比，患有多囊卵巢综合征的妇女罹患妊娠诱发高血压（调整后比值比[OR]=1.76；95%置信区间[CI]：1.12-2.77）和妊娠糖尿病（调整后比值比[OR]=1.68；95%置信区间[CI]：1.12-2.52）的风险更高。与此相反，CAH 女性通过剖宫产分娩（调整后 OR = 0.59；95% CI：0.44-0.80）和小胎龄新生儿（调整后 OR = 0.32；95% CI：0.20-0.52）的风险增加。尽管表型相似且存在一些共同的激素和生化特征，如胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症和高雄激素，但我们的研究结果表明，在妊娠并发症的发病机制中还存在其他代谢途径。
{"title":"A comparison of obstetric and neonatal outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a retrospective analysis of a population database","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate potential differences in pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes between 2 hyperandrogenic conditions in reproductive-aged women: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Retrospective population-based study with data from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database from 2004–2014.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>A total of 14,881 women with PCOS and 298 women with CAH.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta previa, pregnancy-induced hypertension (HTN), gestational HTN, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preeclampsia and eclampsia superimposed on HTN, preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membrane, abruptio placenta, chorioamnionitis, mode of delivery, maternal infection, hysterectomy, blood transfusion, venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy, intrapartum, or postpartum), maternal death, chorioamnionitis, septicemia during labor, postpartum endometritis, septic pelvic, peritonitis, small for gestational age, congenital anomalies, and intrauterine fetal demise.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that women with PCOS were at increased risk of developing pregnancy-induced HTN (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.77) and gestational diabetes (adjusted OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.12–2.52) when compared with women with CAH. Contrary women with CAH were at increased risk for delivery via cesarean section (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44–0.80) and small for gestational age neonates (adjusted OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.20–0.52).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>To our knowledge, this study is the first to directly compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between patients with PCOS and CAH. Despite the similar phenotypes and some common hormonal and biochemical profiles, such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism, our results suggest the existence of additional metabolic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666335X24000284/pdfft?md5=6dad6783275a10ecbc45dd50837e39dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666335X24000284-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.001
<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study whether severe male factor infertility (SMF), reflected by oligozoospermia, impacts embryo morphokinetic behavior in low-prognosis women as stratified by the Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number (POSEIDON) criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Private university–affiliated in vitro fertilization center.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>A total of 10,366 injected oocytes from 2,272 women who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles between March 2019 and April 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Patients were divided into 8 groups according to the POSEIDON criteria (<span><span>1</span></span>, <span><span>2</span></span>, <span><span>3</span></span>, <span><span>4</span></span>) and the presence or absence of SMF. A control group of normoresponder patients was included. Kinetic markers from the point of insemination were recorded in the EmbryoScope incubator.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Morphokinetic milestones and intracytoplasmic sperm injection clinical outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Embryos from patients in the POSEIDON 1 group showed significantly slower timing to pronuclear appearance, timing to pronuclear fading (tPNf), timing to 2 (t2), 3 (t3), 4 (t4), 6 (t6), and 7 (t7) cells than those from the control group. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different between the SMF and non-SMF (nSMF) subgroups in both POSEIDON 1 as well as control groups. Embryos from patients in the POSEIDON 2 group showed significantly slower timing to pronuclear appearance, t4, t6, t7, timing to 8 cells (t8), and timing to morulae than those from the control group. Embryos in the POSEIDON 2 SMF subgroup took longer than those in the POSEIDON 2 nSMF subgroup and those in both control subgroups to achieve tPNf, t2, t3, timing to 5 cells (t5), timing to start blastulation, and timing to blastulation. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different between the SMF and nSMF subgroups in both POSEIDON 2 as well as control groups. Embryos from patients in the POSEIDON 3 group showed significantly slower t8 and duration of the second cell cycle (t3-t2) than those from the control group. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different across the subgroups. Embryos derived from patients in the POSEIDON 4 group showed significantly slower tPNf, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8, timing to complete t4-t3 synchronous divisions, and timing to complete t8-t5 synchronous divisions than those from the control group. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different between the SMF and nSMF subgroups in both POSEIDON 4 as well as control groups. Irrespective of sperm quality, clinical outcomes significantly improved in the control subgroups compared with those in the POSEIDON 2 and 4 subgroups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion
{"title":"The impact of severe oligozoospermia on morphokinetic embryo development in low-prognosis patients according to the Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number criteria: an analysis of 10,366 injected oocytes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study whether severe male factor infertility (SMF), reflected by oligozoospermia, impacts embryo morphokinetic behavior in low-prognosis women as stratified by the Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number (POSEIDON) criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Private university–affiliated in vitro fertilization center.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>A total of 10,366 injected oocytes from 2,272 women who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles between March 2019 and April 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Patients were divided into 8 groups according to the POSEIDON criteria (<span><span>1</span></span>, <span><span>2</span></span>, <span><span>3</span></span>, <span><span>4</span></span>) and the presence or absence of SMF. A control group of normoresponder patients was included. Kinetic markers from the point of insemination were recorded in the EmbryoScope incubator.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Morphokinetic milestones and intracytoplasmic sperm injection clinical outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Embryos from patients in the POSEIDON 1 group showed significantly slower timing to pronuclear appearance, timing to pronuclear fading (tPNf), timing to 2 (t2), 3 (t3), 4 (t4), 6 (t6), and 7 (t7) cells than those from the control group. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different between the SMF and non-SMF (nSMF) subgroups in both POSEIDON 1 as well as control groups. Embryos from patients in the POSEIDON 2 group showed significantly slower timing to pronuclear appearance, t4, t6, t7, timing to 8 cells (t8), and timing to morulae than those from the control group. Embryos in the POSEIDON 2 SMF subgroup took longer than those in the POSEIDON 2 nSMF subgroup and those in both control subgroups to achieve tPNf, t2, t3, timing to 5 cells (t5), timing to start blastulation, and timing to blastulation. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different between the SMF and nSMF subgroups in both POSEIDON 2 as well as control groups. Embryos from patients in the POSEIDON 3 group showed significantly slower t8 and duration of the second cell cycle (t3-t2) than those from the control group. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different across the subgroups. Embryos derived from patients in the POSEIDON 4 group showed significantly slower tPNf, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8, timing to complete t4-t3 synchronous divisions, and timing to complete t8-t5 synchronous divisions than those from the control group. Known Implantation Diagnosis Score ranking was significantly different between the SMF and nSMF subgroups in both POSEIDON 4 as well as control groups. Irrespective of sperm quality, clinical outcomes significantly improved in the control subgroups compared with those in the POSEIDON 2 and 4 subgroups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.003
Objective
To study whether male factor infertility and insomnia share genetic risk variants and identify any molecular, cellular, and biologic interactions between these traits.
Design
The in silico study was performed. Two lists of genetic variants were manually curated through a literature review, one of those associated with male factor infertility and the other with insomnia. Genes were assigned to these variants to compose male factor infertility–associated (454 genes) and insomnia-associated (921 genes) gene lists.
Setting
Not applicable.
Patient(s)
Not applicable.
Intervention(s)
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
Enrichment of biologic pathways and protein-protein interaction analysis.
Result(s)
Twenty-eight genes were common to both lists, representing a greater overlap than would be expected by chance. In the 28 genes contained in the intersection list, there was a significant enrichment of pathways related to kinesin binding. A protein-protein interaction analysis using the intersection list as input retrieved 25 nodes and indicated that two of them were kinesin-related proteins (PLEKHM2 and KCL1).
Conclusion(s)
The shared male factor infertility and insomnia genes, and the biologic pathways highlighted in this study, suggest that further functional investigations into the interplay between fertility and sleep are warranted.
{"title":"Kinesin binding as a shared pathway underlying the genetic basis of male factor infertility and insomnia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study whether male factor infertility and insomnia share genetic risk variants and identify any molecular, cellular, and biologic interactions between these traits.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>The in silico study<span> was performed. Two lists of genetic variants were manually curated through a literature review, one of those associated with male factor infertility and the other with insomnia. Genes were assigned to these variants to compose male factor infertility–associated (454 genes) and insomnia-associated (921 genes) gene lists.</span></p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Enrichment of biologic pathways and protein-protein interaction analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Twenty-eight genes were common to both lists, representing a greater overlap than would be expected by chance. In the 28 genes contained in the intersection list, there was a significant enrichment of pathways related to kinesin binding. A protein-protein interaction analysis using the intersection list as input retrieved 25 nodes and indicated that two of them were kinesin-related proteins (PLEKHM2 and KCL1).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>The shared male factor infertility and insomnia genes, and the biologic pathways highlighted in this study, suggest that further functional investigations into the interplay between fertility and sleep are warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.006
{"title":"Society of Endometriosis and Uterine Disorders forum: adenomyosis today, Paris, France, December 12, 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.005
Objective
To study the identification of rare genetic variants in the PCDH genetic family in a cohort of transgender women (TGW) and their potential role in gender identity.
Design
Exome sequencing and functional ontology analysis.
Setting
Outpatient gender health and reproductive endocrinology clinics.
Patient(s)
A total of 24 TGW and 22 cisgender men (CM).
Intervention(s)
Exome sequencing followed by variant confirmation through Sanger sequencing and functional classification analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery tool.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
Identification of rare, functionally significant genetic variants in the PCDH gene family and their prevalence in TGW compared with CM.
Result(s)
Exome sequencing revealed 38,524 genetic variants, of which 2,441 were rare and predicted to be functionally significant. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery analysis demonstrated a statistically enriched functional group, “homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules,” containing 55 genes, including 18 PCDH gene family members. A total of 37 rare variants in 21 PCDH genes were identified, with 36 confirmed using Sanger sequencing. A statistically significant increase in these variants was observed in TGW compared with CM (Z = 2.08905).
Conclusion(s)
Transgender women exhibited a greater than threefold increase in functionally significant PCDH gene variants compared with CM. These findings suggest that the PCDH family may play a role in the genetic pathways associated with gender identity in TGW.
{"title":"Identification of rare genetic variants in the PCDH genetic family in a cohort of transgender women","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the identification of rare genetic variants in the <em>PCDH</em> genetic family in a cohort of transgender women (TGW) and their potential role in gender identity.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Exome sequencing and functional ontology analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Outpatient gender health and reproductive endocrinology clinics.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>A total of 24 TGW and 22 cisgender men (CM).</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Exome sequencing followed by variant confirmation through Sanger sequencing and functional classification analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery tool.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Identification of rare, functionally significant genetic variants in the PCDH gene family and their prevalence in TGW compared with CM.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Exome sequencing revealed 38,524 genetic variants, of which 2,441 were rare and predicted to be functionally significant. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery analysis demonstrated a statistically enriched functional group, “homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules,” containing 55 genes, including 18 <em>PCDH</em> gene family members. A total of 37 rare variants in 21 <em>PCDH</em> genes were identified, with 36 confirmed using Sanger sequencing. A statistically significant increase in these variants was observed in TGW compared with CM (Z = 2.08905).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>Transgender women exhibited a greater than threefold increase in functionally significant <em>PCDH</em> gene variants compared with CM. These findings suggest that the <em>PCDH</em> family may play a role in the genetic pathways associated with gender identity in TGW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.002
<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the association between altered vitamin D profiles and different indices as well as clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels, phenotypes (A [hyperandrogenism {HA} + ovulatory dysfunction {OD} + polycystic ovarian morphology {PCOM}], B [HA + OD], C [HA + PCOM], and D [OD + PCOM]), insulin resistance, oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, obesity indices, and stress biomarkers in the ethnic population of West Bengal.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Case-control observational study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics and environing.</p></div><div><h3>Participants (Patients and Control)</h3><p>Sample size: case group (PCOS, n = 160), age: 16–38 years, and their gender, age, as well as ethnicity-matched healthy control (n = 160).</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>In this observational study, a structured questionnaire for menstrual status and to determine the scores of cutaneous manifestations, a bioelectrical impedance analyzer for measurement of anthropometric indices, relevant biochemical assessments (vitamin D, AMH, insulin, glucose, and other associated hormonal profiles), statistical software for the social sciences, and Microsoft Office Excel were used to evaluate as well as analyze different indices.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Study of the association of vitamin D deficiency with differential manifestations of PCOS such as phenotypes of the syndrome, altered AMH levels, and risk of insulin resistance. An attempt has been made to determine the cutoff value of AMH of the patients with PCOS belonging to the ethnic population of West Bengal using receiver operating characteristic (ROC).</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Vitamin D deficiency was found to be directly correlated with AMH level in PCOS phenotype A (67%), oligomenorrhea, and PCOM, along with a substantial agonistic relationship with insulin resistance in the PCOS population under study. In the PCOS phenotype B, the AMH level was highest, with a cutoff value of 5.27 ng/mL (asymptotic sig. = 0.000, 95% confidence interval: 8.37–9.95, derived by ROC analysis, with area under the ROC curve- area under the curve value = 0.949, sensitivity=0.882, and specificity = 0.880). Oligomenorrhic women with PCOS possess significantly higher values of AMH levels (8.70 ± 3.66 > 3.09 ± 1.86 ng/mL) level than the regular menstrual rhythm within the same group. Patients with PCOS had significantly less skeletal muscle mass and greater subcutaneous fat content than the control group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>25-hydroxy-vitamin D might be intermeshed with the underlying pathophysiology and severity of PCOS, as well as associated metabolic disorders like insulin resistance. The AMH level is finely tuned by most of the plausible effectors of PCOS and contends to be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis as well as prognosis of
目的研究维生素 D 改变与多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）不同指标和临床特征（包括抗苗勒氏管激素（AMH）水平）之间的关系、表型[A{高雄激素（HA）+排卵功能障碍（OD）+多囊卵巢形态（PCOM）}]、B（HA+OD）、C（HA+PCOM）和 D（OD+PCOM）]、胰岛素抵抗（IR）、少经、高雄激素、肥胖指数和压力生物标志物之间的关系。设计：病例对照观察研究：病例对照观察研究：地点：印度西孟加拉邦加尔各答医学院妇产科门诊部（加尔各答-700073）及加尔各答周边地区：样本量：病例组（多囊卵巢综合症，n=160），年龄：16-38 岁，及其性别、年龄和种族匹配的健康对照组（n=160）：在这项观察性研究中，使用结构化问卷调查月经状况并确定皮肤表现的分数，使用生物电阻抗分析仪测量人体测量指数，使用相关的生化评估（维生素 D、AMH、胰岛素、葡萄糖和其他相关激素谱），使用社会科学统计软件和 Microsoft Office Excel 评估和分析不同的指数（在 PM 时显著）：研究维生素 D 缺乏与多囊卵巢综合征的不同表现（如综合征的表型、AMH 水平的改变以及胰岛素抵抗的风险）之间的关联。尝试使用接收器操作特征（ROC）确定西孟加拉邦少数民族多囊卵巢综合征患者 AMH 的临界值：结果：发现维生素 D 缺乏与多囊卵巢综合症表型 A（67%）、少经和 PCOM 的 AMH 直接相关（P=0.000），同时与同组中规律月经节律的患者相比，维生素 D 缺乏与 AMH 的相关性更高（P3.09±1.86）。多囊卵巢综合症患者的月经周期明显（PConclusions：25- 羟维生素 D 可能与多囊卵巢综合征的潜在病理生理学和严重程度以及相关的代谢紊乱（如 IR）相互关联。AMH水平受多囊卵巢综合征大多数可能的效应因子的影响，因此有望成为诊断和预后多囊卵巢综合征的生物标志物。
{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, and antimüllerian hormone level: a tale of trio in the expression of polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the association between altered vitamin D profiles and different indices as well as clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels, phenotypes (A [hyperandrogenism {HA} + ovulatory dysfunction {OD} + polycystic ovarian morphology {PCOM}], B [HA + OD], C [HA + PCOM], and D [OD + PCOM]), insulin resistance, oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, obesity indices, and stress biomarkers in the ethnic population of West Bengal.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Case-control observational study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics and environing.</p></div><div><h3>Participants (Patients and Control)</h3><p>Sample size: case group (PCOS, n = 160), age: 16–38 years, and their gender, age, as well as ethnicity-matched healthy control (n = 160).</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>In this observational study, a structured questionnaire for menstrual status and to determine the scores of cutaneous manifestations, a bioelectrical impedance analyzer for measurement of anthropometric indices, relevant biochemical assessments (vitamin D, AMH, insulin, glucose, and other associated hormonal profiles), statistical software for the social sciences, and Microsoft Office Excel were used to evaluate as well as analyze different indices.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Study of the association of vitamin D deficiency with differential manifestations of PCOS such as phenotypes of the syndrome, altered AMH levels, and risk of insulin resistance. An attempt has been made to determine the cutoff value of AMH of the patients with PCOS belonging to the ethnic population of West Bengal using receiver operating characteristic (ROC).</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Vitamin D deficiency was found to be directly correlated with AMH level in PCOS phenotype A (67%), oligomenorrhea, and PCOM, along with a substantial agonistic relationship with insulin resistance in the PCOS population under study. In the PCOS phenotype B, the AMH level was highest, with a cutoff value of 5.27 ng/mL (asymptotic sig. = 0.000, 95% confidence interval: 8.37–9.95, derived by ROC analysis, with area under the ROC curve- area under the curve value = 0.949, sensitivity=0.882, and specificity = 0.880). Oligomenorrhic women with PCOS possess significantly higher values of AMH levels (8.70 ± 3.66 > 3.09 ± 1.86 ng/mL) level than the regular menstrual rhythm within the same group. Patients with PCOS had significantly less skeletal muscle mass and greater subcutaneous fat content than the control group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>25-hydroxy-vitamin D might be intermeshed with the underlying pathophysiology and severity of PCOS, as well as associated metabolic disorders like insulin resistance. The AMH level is finely tuned by most of the plausible effectors of PCOS and contends to be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis as well as prognosis of","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 252-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To compare the morphokinetic patterns of human embryos originating from vitrified oocytes (VITRI group) with those derived from freshly collected oocytes (CONTROL group) in oocyte donation cycles.
The study included embryos from 421 vitrified oocytes from 58 oocyte donation cycles and 196 fresh oocytes from 23 oocyte donation cycles.
Intervention(s)
None.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
Key time parameters, dynamic events, fertilization rates, degeneration rates, cleavage rates, blastocyst rates, pregnancy rates, clinical pregnancy rates, implantation rates, and live birth rates were estimated.
Results
The mean survival rate of vitrified oocytes was 92.58% (±7.42%). Fertilization rates were significantly different between the 2 groups (VITRI group: 71.92% ± 20.29% and CONTROL group: 80.65% ± 15.22%) whereas the degeneration, cleavage, blastocyst, pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates were not significantly different between embryos derived from fresh or vitrified oocytes. Time-lapse analysis showed no significant difference in any key time parameter. However, when examining dynamic parameters, first cell cycle (CC1) (t2 − tPB2: from the second polar body extrusion (tPB2) up to 2 cells (t2)) showed a significant difference whereas CC1a (t2 − tPNf: from fading of the pronuclei (tPNf) up to 2 cells (t2)) was at the threshold of significance.
Conclusion(s)
CC1 in vitrified oocytes exhibited a comparatively slower progression in contrast to fresh oocytes. Conversely, CC1a in vitrified oocytes demonstrated faster progression compared with fresh oocytes. It is worth noting that these temporary deviations had minimal impact on the subsequent development. Despite the clinical outcomes showing a decrease in the vitrified group, none of them reached statistical significance. This lack of significance could be attributed to the limited sample size of the study.
{"title":"Embryos from vitrified vs. fresh oocytes in an oocyte donation program: a comparative morphokinetic analysis","authors":"Mary Karagianni M.Sc. , Maria Ioanna Papadopoulou M.Sc. , Chara Oraiopoulou M.Res. , Nikolaos Christoforidis M.D. , Achilleas Papatheodorou Ph.D. , Alexia Chatziparasidou M.Sc.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare the morphokinetic patterns of human embryos originating from vitrified oocytes (VITRI group) with those derived from freshly collected oocytes (CONTROL group) in oocyte donation cycles.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>This is a retrospective observational study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Embryolab Fertility Clinic, Embryology Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>The study included embryos from 421 vitrified oocytes from 58 oocyte donation cycles and 196 fresh oocytes from 23 oocyte donation cycles.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>None.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Key time parameters, dynamic events, fertilization rates, degeneration rates, cleavage rates, blastocyst rates, pregnancy rates, clinical pregnancy rates, implantation rates, and live birth rates were estimated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean survival rate of vitrified oocytes was 92.58% (±7.42%). Fertilization rates were significantly different between the 2 groups (VITRI group: 71.92% ± 20.29% and CONTROL group: 80.65% ± 15.22%) whereas the degeneration, cleavage, blastocyst, pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates were not significantly different between embryos derived from fresh or vitrified oocytes. Time-lapse analysis showed no significant difference in any key time parameter. However, when examining dynamic parameters, first cell cycle (CC1) (t2 − tPB2: from the second polar body extrusion (tPB2) up to 2 cells (t2)) showed a significant difference whereas CC1a (t2 − tPNf: from fading of the pronuclei (tPNf) up to 2 cells (t2)) was at the threshold of significance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>CC1 in vitrified oocytes exhibited a comparatively slower progression in contrast to fresh oocytes. Conversely, CC1a in vitrified oocytes demonstrated faster progression compared with fresh oocytes. It is worth noting that these temporary deviations had minimal impact on the subsequent development. Despite the clinical outcomes showing a decrease in the vitrified group, none of them reached statistical significance. This lack of significance could be attributed to the limited sample size of the study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 174-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.02.001
Rong Li Ph.D. , Dinh Nam Tran Ph.D. , Bruce A. Lessey M.D., Ph.D. , Steven L. Young M.D., Ph.D. , Tae Hoon Kim Ph.D. , Jae-Wook Jeong Ph.D.
Objective
To identify the transcriptomic changes of ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrial tissues during the progression of endometriosis, we performed transcriptomic analysis in the eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesions.
Design
Laboratory study.
Setting
Academic medical center.
Animals
Four fertile and 4 subfertile Pgrcre/+Rosa26mTmG/+ mice with endometriosis, and 4 sham mice for each group of endometriosis mice as control. These mice underwent either surgery to induce endometriosis or sham surgery. Fertile sham and mice with endometriosis were used 1 month after surgery, whereas subfertile ones were used 3 months after surgery.
Interventions
Early and chronic effects of endometriosis on transcriptomics of ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrium.
Main Outcome Measures
RNA-sequencing analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in the ectopic lesions and eutopic uteri from mice with endometriosis and sham mice at day 3.5 of pregnancy.
Results
Our mouse model recapitulates the transcriptomic changes of ectopic lesions in humans. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed in ectopic lesions and eutopic uteri from mice with or without endometriosis during the progression of the disease. Estrogen activity, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis pathways were consistently elevated in all the ectopic lesions compared with eutopic endometrium. Cholesterol/glucose synthesis and stem cell pluripotency pathways were more enhanced in ectopic lesions from subfertile mice compared with their eutopic endometrium. Dysregulation of infiltration of macrophage, dendritic, T and B cells was validated with the use of immunohistochemistry in ectopic lesions. Multiple ligand–receptor pairs between the ectopic and eutopic endometrium were altered compared with the sham endometrium. Suppressed WNT and EGF pathways were only found in the eutopic endometrium from subfertile not fertile mice compared with sham.
Conclusions
Our mouse endometriosis model recapitulates the transcriptomics of ectopic lesions in humans. Our transcriptomic analysis during endometriosis progression in our mouse model will help us understand the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
目的确定异位病灶和异位子宫内膜组织在子宫内膜异位症进展过程中的转录组变化：我们的假设是，子宫内膜异位症的发展和进展会改变异位内膜和异位病灶的转录组：学术医学中心四只可育和四只亚可育的 Pgrcre/+Rosa26mTmG/+ 子宫内膜异位症小鼠，每组子宫内膜异位症小鼠有四只假小鼠作为对照。这些小鼠要么接受了诱发子宫内膜异位症的手术，要么接受了假手术。肥育假小鼠和子宫内膜异位症小鼠在手术后一个月使用，亚肥育小鼠在手术后三个月使用：干预措施：子宫内膜异位症对异位病灶和异位内膜转录组学的早期和慢性影响：结果：我们的小鼠模型再现了子宫内膜异位症对异位病灶和异位子宫内膜转录组学的早期和慢性影响：我们的小鼠模型再现了人类异位病变的转录组变化。我们对患有或未患有子宫内膜异位症的小鼠异位病灶和异位子宫在疾病进展过程中的转录组变化进行了RNA-seq分析。与异位子宫内膜相比，所有异位病灶中的雌二醇、炎症、血管生成和纤维化通路都持续升高。与异位子宫内膜相比，亚肥育小鼠异位病灶中的胆固醇/葡萄糖合成和干细胞多能性途径更强。异位病灶中巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、T 细胞和 B 细胞的浸润失调通过免疫组化得到了验证。与假性子宫内膜相比，异位和异位子宫内膜的多种配体-受体对发生了改变。与假性内膜相比，仅在亚肥育而非肥育小鼠的异位内膜中发现了受抑制的 WNT 和 EGF 通路：我们的小鼠子宫内膜异位症模型再现了人类异位病变的转录组学。结论：我们的小鼠子宫内膜异位症模型再现了人类异位病变的转录组学，我们在小鼠模型中进行的子宫内膜异位症进展过程中的转录组学分析将有助于了解子宫内膜异位症的病理生理学。
{"title":"Transcriptomic changes in eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesions during endometriosis progression in a mouse model","authors":"Rong Li Ph.D. , Dinh Nam Tran Ph.D. , Bruce A. Lessey M.D., Ph.D. , Steven L. Young M.D., Ph.D. , Tae Hoon Kim Ph.D. , Jae-Wook Jeong Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify the transcriptomic changes of ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrial tissues during the progression of endometriosis, we performed transcriptomic analysis in the eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Laboratory study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Academic medical center.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Four fertile and 4 subfertile <em>Pgr</em><sup>cre/+</sup><em>Rosa26</em><sup>mTmG/+</sup> mice with endometriosis, and 4 sham mice for each group of endometriosis mice as control. These mice underwent either surgery to induce endometriosis or sham surgery. Fertile sham and mice with endometriosis were used 1 month after surgery, whereas subfertile ones were used 3 months after surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>Early and chronic effects of endometriosis on transcriptomics of ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrium.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>RNA-sequencing analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in the ectopic lesions and eutopic uteri from mice with endometriosis and sham mice at day 3.5 of pregnancy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our mouse model recapitulates the transcriptomic changes of ectopic lesions in humans. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed in ectopic lesions and eutopic uteri from mice with or without endometriosis during the progression of the disease. Estrogen activity, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis pathways were consistently elevated in all the ectopic lesions compared with eutopic endometrium. Cholesterol/glucose synthesis and stem cell pluripotency pathways were more enhanced in ectopic lesions from subfertile mice compared with their eutopic endometrium. Dysregulation of infiltration of macrophage, dendritic, T and B cells was validated with the use of immunohistochemistry in ectopic lesions. Multiple ligand–receptor pairs between the ectopic and eutopic endometrium were altered compared with the sham endometrium. Suppressed WNT and EGF pathways were only found in the eutopic endometrium from subfertile not fertile mice compared with sham.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our mouse endometriosis model recapitulates the transcriptomics of ectopic lesions in humans. Our transcriptomic analysis during endometriosis progression in our mouse model will help us understand the pathophysiology of endometriosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 182-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.10.004
Juliana I. Candelaria M.S., Anna C. Denicol D.V.M., Ph.D.
Objective
To evaluate ovarian tissue and follicle integrity before and after slow freezing or vitrification and postthawing in vitro culture.
Design
A laboratory study using bovine ovarian cortical tissue.
Setting
Academic laboratory.
Animals
Ovaries from healthy cattle.
Interventions
Bovine ovarian cortical tissue was subjected to either slow freezing or vitrification and subsequent in vitro culture. Tissue and follicle integrity were assessed before and after cryopreservation and culture.
Main Outcome Measures
Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess follicle stages, morphology, and stromal cell density. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to examine apoptosis, and Masson’s trichrome staining was used to evaluate collagen content in the stromal environment. Immunofluorescent labeling was used to localize and quantify connexin 37 (CX37) and Ki67 expression.
Results
Regardless of previous cryopreservation, ovarian tissue culture resulted in a decreased percentage of primordial follicles and an increased percentage of primary follicles compared with fresh tissue, indicating that follicle activation was not negatively affected by cryopreservation. However, both culture and cryopreservation followed by culture decreased the percentage of normal preantral follicles compared with fresh tissue that had not been cultured. Culture and/or cryopreservation did not impact stromal cell number, but there was increased cell apoptosis in tissue that was cultured after vitrification compared with tissue that was not cultured. Tissue culture, regardless of cryopreservation, resulted in decreased collagen deposition. There were fewer follicles expressing CX37 in vitrified and thawed tissue compared with all other treatments. Cryopreservation and/or culture of ovarian tissue did not change the percentage of follicles that contained Ki67-positive granulosa cells or the percentage of Ki67-positive granulosa cells within those follicles.
Conclusion
Based on these data, we conclude that tissue cryopreservation followed by culture does not affect follicle activation and growth, but it decreases the proportion of viable follicles within the tissue. Slow freezing was superior to vitrification as indicated by a higher proportion of follicles with normal morphology, lower stromal cell apoptosis, and maintenance of CX37 expression postthawing and after culture.
{"title":"Assessment of ovarian tissue and follicular integrity after cryopreservation via slow freezing or vitrification followed by in vitro culture","authors":"Juliana I. Candelaria M.S., Anna C. Denicol D.V.M., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate ovarian tissue and follicle integrity before and after slow freezing or vitrification and postthawing in vitro culture.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A laboratory study using bovine ovarian cortical tissue.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Academic laboratory.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Ovaries from healthy cattle.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>Bovine ovarian cortical tissue was subjected to either slow freezing or vitrification and subsequent in vitro culture. Tissue and follicle integrity were assessed before and after cryopreservation and culture.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess follicle stages, morphology, and stromal cell density. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to examine apoptosis, and Masson’s trichrome staining was used to evaluate collagen content in the stromal environment. Immunofluorescent labeling was used to localize and quantify connexin 37 (CX37) and Ki67 expression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Regardless of previous cryopreservation, ovarian tissue culture resulted in a decreased percentage of primordial follicles and an increased percentage of primary follicles compared with fresh tissue, indicating that follicle activation was not negatively affected by cryopreservation. However, both culture and cryopreservation followed by culture decreased the percentage of normal preantral follicles compared with fresh tissue that had not been cultured. Culture and/or cryopreservation did not impact stromal cell number, but there was increased cell apoptosis in tissue that was cultured after vitrification compared with tissue that was not cultured. Tissue culture, regardless of cryopreservation, resulted in decreased collagen deposition. There were fewer follicles expressing CX37 in vitrified and thawed tissue compared with all other treatments. Cryopreservation and/or culture of ovarian tissue did not change the percentage of follicles that contained Ki67-positive granulosa cells or the percentage of Ki67-positive granulosa cells within those follicles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on these data, we conclude that tissue cryopreservation followed by culture does not affect follicle activation and growth, but it decreases the proportion of viable follicles within the tissue. Slow freezing was superior to vitrification as indicated by a higher proportion of follicles with normal morphology, lower stromal cell apoptosis, and maintenance of CX37 expression postthawing and after culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 154-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666335X23000587/pdfft?md5=b50d78d37663973eb5ae0caaf11c031b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666335X23000587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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