F&S science最新文献

Objective

Design

Setting

Animal(s)

Intervention(s)

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Result(s)

Conclusion(s)

Objective

Design

Setting

Patients

Interventions

Main Outcome Measures

Results

Conclusions

Objective

Design

Setting

Patient(s)

Intervention(s)

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Result(s)

Conclusion(s)

Objective

Design

Setting

Patient(s)

Intervention(s)

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Result(s)

Conclusion(s)

Objective

To study the differences in immune cell profiles in uterine fibroids (Fibs) and matched myometrium (Myo).

Design

Observational study.

Setting

Laboratory study.

Patient(s)

The study included tissue that was collected from 10 pairs of Fib and matched Myo from women, not on hormonal medications, undergoing hysterectomy and myomectomy.

Intervention(s)

None.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Differences in immune cell and cytokine composition between Fib and matched Myo.

Result(s)

The mass cytometry analysis indicated that Fibs had a significantly higher number of natural killer (NK) cells, total macrophages, M2 macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells when compared with matched Myo from the same patient. In contrast, Fibs had significantly fewer CD3 and CD4 T cells when compared with Myo. The mass cytometry analysis results did not show any significant difference in the number of resting mast cells. Immunoflurorescent and immunohistochemical imaging confirmed the cytometry by time of flight results, showing a significantly higher number of NK cells, tryptase-positive mast cells indicative of mast cell activation, total macrophages, and M2 cells in Fibs and a significantly lower number of CD3 and CD4 T cells. The cytokine assay revealed significantly increased levels of human interferon α2, interleukin (IL)-1α, and platelet-derived growth factor AA and significantly lower levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-1 receptor antagonist in Fib.

Conclusion(s)

Our results show significant differences in immune cell populations and cytokine levels between Fib and Myo. These differences could account for the increased inflammation in fib and a potential mechanism by which these tumors evade the immune system. These findings provide a foundation for further studies exploring the role of immune cells in Fib development.

Objective

To demonstrate nanoscale motion tracing of spermatozoa and present analysis of the motion traces to characterize the consistency of motion of spermatozoa as a complement to progressive motility analysis.

Design

Anonymized sperm samples were videographed under a quantitative phase microscope, followed by generating and analyzing superresolution motion traces of individual spermatozoa.

Setting

Not applicable.

Patient(s)

Centrifuged human sperm samples.

Intervention(s)

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Precision of motion trace of individual sperms, presence of a helical pattern in the motion trace, mean and standard deviations of helical periods and radii of sperm motion traces, speed of progression.

Result(s)

Spatially sensitive quantitative phase imaging with a superresolution computational technique MUltiple SIgnal Classification ALgorithm allowed achieving motion precision of 340 nm using ×10, 0.25 numerical aperture lens whereas the diffraction-limited resolution at this setting was 1,320 nm. The motion traces thus derived facilitated new kinematic features of sperm, namely the statistics of helix period and radii per sperm.

Through the analysis, 47 sperms with a speed >25 μm/s were randomly selected from the same healthy donor semen sample, it is seen that the kinematic features did not correlate with the speed of the sperms. In addition, it is noted that spermatozoa may experience changes in the periodicity and radius of the helical path over time. Further, some very fast sperms (e.g., >70 μm/s) may demonstrate irregular motion and need further investigation.

Presented computational analysis can be used directly for sperm samples from both fertility patients with normal and abnormal sperm cell conditions.

We note that MUltiple SIgnal Classification ALgorithm is an image analysis technique that may vaguely fall under the machine learning category, but the conventional metrics for reporting found in Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research network do not apply. Alternative suitable metrics are reported, and bias is avoided through random selection of regions for analysis. Detailed methods are included for reproducibility.

Conclusion(s)

Kinematic features derived from nanoscale motion traces of spermatozoa contain information complementary to the speed of the sperms, allowing further distinction among the progressively motile sperms. Some highly progressive spermatozoa may have irregular motion patterns, and whether irregularity of motion indicates poor quality regarding artificial insemination needs further investigation. The presented technique can be generalized for sperm analysis for a variety of fertility conditions.

Objective

To evaluate oocyte retrieval experiences and side effects under minimally controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) treatment for in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes compared with conventional COS treatment.

Design

A retrospective survey study.

Setting

Clinical in vitro fertilization treatment center.

Patient(s)

Data were collected from subjects undergoing minimal COS treatment (n = 110; 600–800 IU follicle-stimulating hormone) for IVM of oocytes and conventional COS treatment for egg donation (n = 48; 1,800–2,600 IU follicle-stimulating hormone) from April 2022 to November 2023.

Intervention(s)

Minimal and conventional COS treatments.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The most common side effects experienced during ovarian stimulation and after oocyte pick-up, satisfaction level, and the likelihood of recommending or repeating minimal or conventional COS. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U test and χ² tests, with a significance level.

Result(s)

During minimal COS treatment, most subjects did not experience breast swelling (86%), pelvic or abdominal pain (76%), nausea or vomiting (96%), and bleeding (96%). After oocyte pick-up, the majority (75%) reported no pelvic or abdominal pain. The most common side effect was abdominal swelling (52%). Compared with conventional COS cycles, minimal COS subjects reported significantly less postretrieval pain, with 33% experiencing no pain (vs. 6%) and with a reduced severe level of pain (5% vs. 19%), leading to fewer subjects requiring pain medication (25% vs. 54%). Additionally, 85% of women were very satisfied with minimal stimulation treatment and would recommend or repeat the treatment.

Conclusion(s)

Reducing the hormonal dose for ovarian stimulation has a beneficial effect on subjects, suggesting the combination of minimal COS treatment with IVM techniques is a well-tolerated alternative for women who cannot or do not wish to undergo conventionally controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment.

Objective

To investigate potential differences in pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes between 2 hyperandrogenic conditions in reproductive-aged women: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Design

Retrospective population-based study with data from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database from 2004–2014.

Setting

Not applicable.

Patient(s)

A total of 14,881 women with PCOS and 298 women with CAH.

Intervention(s)

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta previa, pregnancy-induced hypertension (HTN), gestational HTN, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preeclampsia and eclampsia superimposed on HTN, preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membrane, abruptio placenta, chorioamnionitis, mode of delivery, maternal infection, hysterectomy, blood transfusion, venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy, intrapartum, or postpartum), maternal death, chorioamnionitis, septicemia during labor, postpartum endometritis, septic pelvic, peritonitis, small for gestational age, congenital anomalies, and intrauterine fetal demise.

Result(s)

After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that women with PCOS were at increased risk of developing pregnancy-induced HTN (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.77) and gestational diabetes (adjusted OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.12–2.52) when compared with women with CAH. Contrary women with CAH were at increased risk for delivery via cesarean section (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44–0.80) and small for gestational age neonates (adjusted OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.20–0.52).

Conclusion(s)

To our knowledge, this study is the first to directly compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between patients with PCOS and CAH. Despite the similar phenotypes and some common hormonal and biochemical profiles, such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism, our results suggest the existence of additional metabolic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications.