Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.983075
A. Carona, D. Jacobson, C. Hildebolt, Waqar-ur-Rehman Qureshi, Kevin Rowland
Background and aims Probiotics are widely used and prescribed to address a host of health issues. Despite evidence that different probiotic bacteria have differing therapeutic mechanisms of action, many probiotics are prescribed indiscriminately, with little research to support the use of specific formulations for a given ailment. Further investigation is required to assess the efficacy of one commonly prescribed probiotic formulation Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (helveticus) – for the treatment of diarrhea. This review seeks to assess whether administration of probiotics composed of L.acidophilus and L. bulgaricus (helveticus) are more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms of diarrhea. Methods A systematic search of randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of combination L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus in the treatment of diarrhea by any cause was conducted and captured all available studies (n = 2411). After application of exclusion criteria, four studies were identified as suitable for inclusion. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for the proportion of cases with diarrhea in the placebo group and the treatment group. To assess differences in proportions between the placebo and treatment groups, a generalized linear model assessment was performed. Results Analyses revealed the overall proportion of cases with diarrhea in the treatment group, 36 participants who had diarrhea out of 91 total, was only 3.5% lower than the overall proportion in the placebo group, 44 participants who had diarrhea out of 105 total.(P = 0.508), with our considering that the 3.5 lower percentage to be of little or no clinical importance. Conclusion Existing literature suggests little or no clinical benefit of a L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus probiotic formulation for the treatment of diarrhea, highlighting the need for more research or re-evaluation of its widespread use.
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus for the treatment of diarrhea","authors":"A. Carona, D. Jacobson, C. Hildebolt, Waqar-ur-Rehman Qureshi, Kevin Rowland","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.983075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.983075","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Probiotics are widely used and prescribed to address a host of health issues. Despite evidence that different probiotic bacteria have differing therapeutic mechanisms of action, many probiotics are prescribed indiscriminately, with little research to support the use of specific formulations for a given ailment. Further investigation is required to assess the efficacy of one commonly prescribed probiotic formulation Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (helveticus) – for the treatment of diarrhea. This review seeks to assess whether administration of probiotics composed of L.acidophilus and L. bulgaricus (helveticus) are more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms of diarrhea. Methods A systematic search of randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of combination L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus in the treatment of diarrhea by any cause was conducted and captured all available studies (n = 2411). After application of exclusion criteria, four studies were identified as suitable for inclusion. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for the proportion of cases with diarrhea in the placebo group and the treatment group. To assess differences in proportions between the placebo and treatment groups, a generalized linear model assessment was performed. Results Analyses revealed the overall proportion of cases with diarrhea in the treatment group, 36 participants who had diarrhea out of 91 total, was only 3.5% lower than the overall proportion in the placebo group, 44 participants who had diarrhea out of 105 total.(P = 0.508), with our considering that the 3.5 lower percentage to be of little or no clinical importance. Conclusion Existing literature suggests little or no clinical benefit of a L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus probiotic formulation for the treatment of diarrhea, highlighting the need for more research or re-evaluation of its widespread use.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48353519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.1020190
J. Nobre, D. Alpuim Costa
The gut microbiota is becoming well recognized as a key determinant of health and disease. As a result, several studies have focused on causality and the predictive/prognostic value of the microbiota in a wide range of diseases. However, it is of greater importance to understand what sparks changes in the microbiota and how these alterations contribute to an increased susceptibility to disease. A few studies have already demonstrated that the gut microbiota could be modified by lifestyle, consequently leading to pathology. What if socioeconomic factors can also impact the gut microbiota composition and, thus, increase the susceptibility to disease? Perhaps, this is one of the factors that may have contributed to the increased inequalities between people with higher and lower socioeconomic status in terms of health. In this review, we aimed to understand more about this topic and the real impact of the “sociobiome.” Furthermore, we proposed measures to mitigate the impact of these factors on the gut microbiota composition.
{"title":"”Sociobiome”: How do socioeconomic factors influence gut microbiota and enhance pathology susceptibility? - A mini-review","authors":"J. Nobre, D. Alpuim Costa","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.1020190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.1020190","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiota is becoming well recognized as a key determinant of health and disease. As a result, several studies have focused on causality and the predictive/prognostic value of the microbiota in a wide range of diseases. However, it is of greater importance to understand what sparks changes in the microbiota and how these alterations contribute to an increased susceptibility to disease. A few studies have already demonstrated that the gut microbiota could be modified by lifestyle, consequently leading to pathology. What if socioeconomic factors can also impact the gut microbiota composition and, thus, increase the susceptibility to disease? Perhaps, this is one of the factors that may have contributed to the increased inequalities between people with higher and lower socioeconomic status in terms of health. In this review, we aimed to understand more about this topic and the real impact of the “sociobiome.” Furthermore, we proposed measures to mitigate the impact of these factors on the gut microbiota composition.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48936412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.889925
Timothy D. Shu, R. Rutherford, M. Seabrook, E. Barry, R. Bostick
Abnormal expression of Wnt pathway and DNA mismatch repair proteins is common during colorectal carcinogenesis. To investigate cross-sectional associations of lifestyle, dietary, and other participant characteristics with the expression of such proteins, we measured APC, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and MSH2 colorectal crypt expression in biopsies of normal-appearing colorectal mucosa from 104 sporadic colorectal adenoma patients using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. We used multivariable general linear models to compare adjusted mean biomarker expression across categories of participant characteristics. Example findings include that among women relative to men, mean APC expression in whole crypts, the upper 40% of crypts (differentiation zone), and the lower 60% of crypts (proliferation zone) was 322.9% higher (p<0.01), 296.7% higher (p<0.01), and 399.1% higher (p<0.01), respectively. Among participants with higher alcohol consumption, APC expression in the crypt differentiation zone was estimated to be 15.9% lower (p=0.08). Among those with higher total meat consumption, β-catenin expression in whole crypts and the crypt proliferation zone was estimated to be 20.5% higher (p=0.07) and 19.6% higher (p=0.06), respectively, and MSH2 expression in the crypt differentiation zone was estimated to be 64.4% lower (p=0.10). Among those with a higher body mass index, MSH2 expression in the crypt differentiation zone was estimated to be 87.5% lower (p=0.15). These pilot study findings suggest that being male, higher adiposity, and higher alcohol and meat consumption may be unfavorably associated with biomarkers of colorectal carcinogenesis pathway proteins in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients and support further investigation in larger studies.
{"title":"Associations of dietary, lifestyle, and other participant characteristics with APC, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and MSH2 expression in the normal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients","authors":"Timothy D. Shu, R. Rutherford, M. Seabrook, E. Barry, R. Bostick","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.889925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.889925","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal expression of Wnt pathway and DNA mismatch repair proteins is common during colorectal carcinogenesis. To investigate cross-sectional associations of lifestyle, dietary, and other participant characteristics with the expression of such proteins, we measured APC, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and MSH2 colorectal crypt expression in biopsies of normal-appearing colorectal mucosa from 104 sporadic colorectal adenoma patients using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. We used multivariable general linear models to compare adjusted mean biomarker expression across categories of participant characteristics. Example findings include that among women relative to men, mean APC expression in whole crypts, the upper 40% of crypts (differentiation zone), and the lower 60% of crypts (proliferation zone) was 322.9% higher (p<0.01), 296.7% higher (p<0.01), and 399.1% higher (p<0.01), respectively. Among participants with higher alcohol consumption, APC expression in the crypt differentiation zone was estimated to be 15.9% lower (p=0.08). Among those with higher total meat consumption, β-catenin expression in whole crypts and the crypt proliferation zone was estimated to be 20.5% higher (p=0.07) and 19.6% higher (p=0.06), respectively, and MSH2 expression in the crypt differentiation zone was estimated to be 64.4% lower (p=0.10). Among those with a higher body mass index, MSH2 expression in the crypt differentiation zone was estimated to be 87.5% lower (p=0.15). These pilot study findings suggest that being male, higher adiposity, and higher alcohol and meat consumption may be unfavorably associated with biomarkers of colorectal carcinogenesis pathway proteins in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients and support further investigation in larger studies.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.1024393
Rim Iwaza, R. M. Wasfy, G. Dubourg, D. Raoult, J. Lagier
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is an anaerobic, Gram negative and mucin-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated in 2004 from human feces. Although it is a common resident in the human intestinal tract, it has also been detected in other anatomical sites. Genomic studies have revealed that A. muciniphila can be divided into different phylogroups with distinct metabolic properties. There is growing evidence regarding its beneficial impact on human health. Indeed, A. muciniphila is considered as a promising next-generation probiotic for treating cancer and metabolic disorders. The large-scale production of A. muciniphila is, therefore, a challenge. Beside mucin-based medium, other culture strategies have enabled its isolation. The administration of both live and pasteurized forms of A. muciniphila has shown to be promising in animal models. Alternatively, the administration of various prebiotics has also been assessed for enhancing its abundance in the human gut. Future prospects include human clinical trials, some of which are currently ongoing. This paper provides an overview of what is currently known about A. muciniphila’s phenotypical and genotypic traits, as well as its culture techniques and its connections to a number of human diseases and its potential application as an effective next generation probiotic.
{"title":"Akkermansia muciniphila: The state of the art, 18 years after its first discovery","authors":"Rim Iwaza, R. M. Wasfy, G. Dubourg, D. Raoult, J. Lagier","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.1024393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.1024393","url":null,"abstract":"Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is an anaerobic, Gram negative and mucin-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated in 2004 from human feces. Although it is a common resident in the human intestinal tract, it has also been detected in other anatomical sites. Genomic studies have revealed that A. muciniphila can be divided into different phylogroups with distinct metabolic properties. There is growing evidence regarding its beneficial impact on human health. Indeed, A. muciniphila is considered as a promising next-generation probiotic for treating cancer and metabolic disorders. The large-scale production of A. muciniphila is, therefore, a challenge. Beside mucin-based medium, other culture strategies have enabled its isolation. The administration of both live and pasteurized forms of A. muciniphila has shown to be promising in animal models. Alternatively, the administration of various prebiotics has also been assessed for enhancing its abundance in the human gut. Future prospects include human clinical trials, some of which are currently ongoing. This paper provides an overview of what is currently known about A. muciniphila’s phenotypical and genotypic traits, as well as its culture techniques and its connections to a number of human diseases and its potential application as an effective next generation probiotic.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42447206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.944525
Hang-Yu Li, Qiang Zhao, Shuhan Si, Dongkai Wu
Studies have confirmed that prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) rs2294008 C>T polymorphism is related to gastric cancer susceptibility, but some studies have reached the opposite conclusion. In this meta-analysis, we attempted to clear up these differences and explore the relationship between the different factors that influence susceptibility to gastric cancer. Studies with publication dates that preceded 16 April 2022 were selected from PubMed, Springer, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and the relationship between risk models and gastric cancer was analyzed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Consequently, it was confirmed that PSCA rs2294008 polymorphism leads to an increased risk of gastric cancer. Subgroup analysis found that individuals with diffuse gastric cancer, non-cardia gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori (HP)-positive or who are from the white or Asian population faced an increased susceptibility to gastric cancer. Those from the white populations faced significantly higher risks than Asians, and the association of PSCA with gastric cancer could be significantly increased by genome-wide association analysis. However, the conclusion that smoking reduces susceptibility to gastric cancer appears to be abnormal. Further prospective investigations that involve smoking and have a larger sample size are required.
研究证实，前列腺干细胞抗原（PSCA）rs2294008C>T多态性与癌症易感性有关，但一些研究得出了相反的结论。在这项荟萃分析中，我们试图澄清这些差异，并探讨影响癌症易感性的不同因素之间的关系。发表日期在2022年4月16日之前的研究选自PubMed、Springer、EMBASE和Web of Science，并通过比值比（OR）和95%置信区间分析风险模型与癌症之间的关系。因此，证实PSCA rs2294008多态性导致癌症风险增加。亚组分析发现，患有弥漫性癌症、非心脏性癌症、幽门螺杆菌（HP）阳性或来自白人或亚洲人的个体对癌症的易感性增加。来自白人群体的人面临的风险明显高于亚洲人，全基因组关联分析可以显著增加PSCA与癌症的关联。然而，吸烟降低癌症易感性的结论似乎是不正常的。需要进一步的前瞻性调查，涉及吸烟，并有更大的样本量。
{"title":"An association study on PSCA rs2294008 polymorphism and gastric cancer: A meta-analysis","authors":"Hang-Yu Li, Qiang Zhao, Shuhan Si, Dongkai Wu","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.944525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.944525","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have confirmed that prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) rs2294008 C>T polymorphism is related to gastric cancer susceptibility, but some studies have reached the opposite conclusion. In this meta-analysis, we attempted to clear up these differences and explore the relationship between the different factors that influence susceptibility to gastric cancer. Studies with publication dates that preceded 16 April 2022 were selected from PubMed, Springer, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and the relationship between risk models and gastric cancer was analyzed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Consequently, it was confirmed that PSCA rs2294008 polymorphism leads to an increased risk of gastric cancer. Subgroup analysis found that individuals with diffuse gastric cancer, non-cardia gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori (HP)-positive or who are from the white or Asian population faced an increased susceptibility to gastric cancer. Those from the white populations faced significantly higher risks than Asians, and the association of PSCA with gastric cancer could be significantly increased by genome-wide association analysis. However, the conclusion that smoking reduces susceptibility to gastric cancer appears to be abnormal. Further prospective investigations that involve smoking and have a larger sample size are required.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47275054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.969533
P. Dai, Jing Feng, Yanyan Dong, Shaohua Zhang, Xiaopeng Cui, X. Qin, Shiming Yang, Daguang Fan
Background Pancreatic Cancer (PAAD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumourigenesis of PAAD, and associated with the overall survival and tumor fatty acid metabolism in PAAD patients. Methods The data on gene expression and corresponding clinical characteristics of PAAD patients in TCGA-PAAD (N=177) and GSE62452 (N=65) are taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Consensus cluster analysis to identify distinct fatty acid metabolism subtypes in PAAD based on 62 fatty acid metabolism gene. The single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) algorithm was developed for evaluation of tumor infiltrating immune cells between fatty acid metabolism subtypes. As well, the R package “pRRophetic” was used to predict chemotherapeutic response in PAAD patients. Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) was used to predict immunotherapy response in PAAD patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were utilized to calculate the prognostic-related lncRNAs. Results Totally, three fatty acid metabolism subtypes were obtained in PAAD based on 62 fatty acid metabolism gene. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis showed that the overall survival rate of cluster3 group was significantly higher than the other two groups. Significant differences were seen between the three subtypes in immune cell infiltration characteristics and the immunotherapy response indicators, including Tumor mutational burden (TMB), immunophenoscore (IPS), and immune checkpoint molecules. The cluster1 group and cluster3 group were speculated to have the higher response to immunotherapy patients in cluster2 gains more benefit from chemotherapy than other groups. A 4-lncRNA signature was constructed based on the value of gene expression and regression coefficients which stratified patients into two risk groups. Patients in the higher-risk group had lower survival probabilities than those in the lower-risk group, based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the predictive capability. In GO and KEGG analysis, genes in the high-risk group were linked to PAAD development. Conclusions We constructed a signature that could predict prognosis of PAAD and provide certain theory guidance for novel therapeutic approaches of PAAD.
{"title":"The integrated landscape of fatty acid metabolism subtypes reveals with prognostic and therapeutic relevance in pancreatic cancer","authors":"P. Dai, Jing Feng, Yanyan Dong, Shaohua Zhang, Xiaopeng Cui, X. Qin, Shiming Yang, Daguang Fan","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.969533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.969533","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pancreatic Cancer (PAAD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumourigenesis of PAAD, and associated with the overall survival and tumor fatty acid metabolism in PAAD patients. Methods The data on gene expression and corresponding clinical characteristics of PAAD patients in TCGA-PAAD (N=177) and GSE62452 (N=65) are taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Consensus cluster analysis to identify distinct fatty acid metabolism subtypes in PAAD based on 62 fatty acid metabolism gene. The single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) algorithm was developed for evaluation of tumor infiltrating immune cells between fatty acid metabolism subtypes. As well, the R package “pRRophetic” was used to predict chemotherapeutic response in PAAD patients. Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) was used to predict immunotherapy response in PAAD patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were utilized to calculate the prognostic-related lncRNAs. Results Totally, three fatty acid metabolism subtypes were obtained in PAAD based on 62 fatty acid metabolism gene. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis showed that the overall survival rate of cluster3 group was significantly higher than the other two groups. Significant differences were seen between the three subtypes in immune cell infiltration characteristics and the immunotherapy response indicators, including Tumor mutational burden (TMB), immunophenoscore (IPS), and immune checkpoint molecules. The cluster1 group and cluster3 group were speculated to have the higher response to immunotherapy patients in cluster2 gains more benefit from chemotherapy than other groups. A 4-lncRNA signature was constructed based on the value of gene expression and regression coefficients which stratified patients into two risk groups. Patients in the higher-risk group had lower survival probabilities than those in the lower-risk group, based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the predictive capability. In GO and KEGG analysis, genes in the high-risk group were linked to PAAD development. Conclusions We constructed a signature that could predict prognosis of PAAD and provide certain theory guidance for novel therapeutic approaches of PAAD.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47216957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.1022530
L. Masi, C. Ciuffini, V. Petito, L. Pisani, L. Lopetuso, C. Graziani, D. Pugliese, L. Laterza, P. Puca, F. Di Vincenzo, M. Pizzoferrato, D. Napolitano, L. Turchini, V. Amatucci, E. Schiavoni, G. Privitera, L. Minordi, M. C. Mentella, A. Papa, A. Armuzzi, A. Gasbarrini, F. Scaldaferri
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disabling conditions with a complex and multifactorial etiology, which is still not completely understood. In the last 20 years, anti-TNF-α antagonists have revolutionized the treatment of IBD, but many patients still do not respond or experience adverse events. Therefore, new biological therapies and small molecules, targeting several different pathways of gut inflammation, have been developed of which some have already been introduced in clinical practice while many others are currently investigated. Moreover, therapeutic procedures such as leukocytapheresis, fecal microbiota transplant and stem cell transplantation are currently being investigated for treating IBD. Lastly, complementary and alternative medicine has become a field of interest for gastroenterologist to reduce symptom burden in IBD patients. In this comprehensive and updated review, a novel classification of current and developing drugs is provided.
{"title":"Innovative, complementary and alternative therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: A broad 2020s update","authors":"L. Masi, C. Ciuffini, V. Petito, L. Pisani, L. Lopetuso, C. Graziani, D. Pugliese, L. Laterza, P. Puca, F. Di Vincenzo, M. Pizzoferrato, D. Napolitano, L. Turchini, V. Amatucci, E. Schiavoni, G. Privitera, L. Minordi, M. C. Mentella, A. Papa, A. Armuzzi, A. Gasbarrini, F. Scaldaferri","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.1022530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.1022530","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disabling conditions with a complex and multifactorial etiology, which is still not completely understood. In the last 20 years, anti-TNF-α antagonists have revolutionized the treatment of IBD, but many patients still do not respond or experience adverse events. Therefore, new biological therapies and small molecules, targeting several different pathways of gut inflammation, have been developed of which some have already been introduced in clinical practice while many others are currently investigated. Moreover, therapeutic procedures such as leukocytapheresis, fecal microbiota transplant and stem cell transplantation are currently being investigated for treating IBD. Lastly, complementary and alternative medicine has become a field of interest for gastroenterologist to reduce symptom burden in IBD patients. In this comprehensive and updated review, a novel classification of current and developing drugs is provided.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.1019578
S. Bibbò, S. Fusco, G. Ianiro, C. Settanni, D. Ferrarese, Claudio Grassi, G. Cammarota, A. Gasbarrini
Depression and anxiety disorders represent a burdensome clinical issue. Considering the unsatisfactory clinical response of some patients to antidepressant therapy, new personalized approaches are being studied. In recent years, pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the role of intestinal microbiota demonstrating the importance of the gut-brain axis in these diseases. Indeed, gut microbes are able to interact with the brain interfering with behavior through some mechanisms such as amino acid metabolism, short–chain fatty acids, vagus nerve, endocrine signaling and immune responses. Experiments of gut microbiota transfer from subjects with major depression to animal models corroborated the causative role of intestinal microbes in mood disorders and anxiety. Furthermore, the incidence of dysbiosis in patients with anxiety and depression suggests a potential role for gut microbiota modulators in the treatment of these disorders. In particular, several probiotics and synbiotics have been shown to be effective in improving clinical symptoms, promising results have emerged also from fecal microbiota transplantation, but the evidence is still limited. These promising results switch on the use of gut microbiota modulators as an adjunctive tool to anti-depressant therapy. Developing pharmaceutical or nutraceutical strategies to modify the composition of gut microbiota may offer novel and personalized therapeutic tools against anxiety and depression.
{"title":"Gut microbiota in anxiety and depression: Pathogenesis and therapeutics","authors":"S. Bibbò, S. Fusco, G. Ianiro, C. Settanni, D. Ferrarese, Claudio Grassi, G. Cammarota, A. Gasbarrini","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.1019578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.1019578","url":null,"abstract":"Depression and anxiety disorders represent a burdensome clinical issue. Considering the unsatisfactory clinical response of some patients to antidepressant therapy, new personalized approaches are being studied. In recent years, pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the role of intestinal microbiota demonstrating the importance of the gut-brain axis in these diseases. Indeed, gut microbes are able to interact with the brain interfering with behavior through some mechanisms such as amino acid metabolism, short–chain fatty acids, vagus nerve, endocrine signaling and immune responses. Experiments of gut microbiota transfer from subjects with major depression to animal models corroborated the causative role of intestinal microbes in mood disorders and anxiety. Furthermore, the incidence of dysbiosis in patients with anxiety and depression suggests a potential role for gut microbiota modulators in the treatment of these disorders. In particular, several probiotics and synbiotics have been shown to be effective in improving clinical symptoms, promising results have emerged also from fecal microbiota transplantation, but the evidence is still limited. These promising results switch on the use of gut microbiota modulators as an adjunctive tool to anti-depressant therapy. Developing pharmaceutical or nutraceutical strategies to modify the composition of gut microbiota may offer novel and personalized therapeutic tools against anxiety and depression.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42168802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.1037421
Michelle Mendiolaza, Jordyn H. Feingold, Halley P. Kaye-Kauderer, M. Dubinsky, K. Gorbenko, L. Keefer
The transition from pediatric to adult gastroenterology care for adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a critical period associated with poor disease outcomes and high medical costs. Burdens such as the discontinuity of care when transitioning from one provider to another are amplified by poor coping and psychosocial factors. However, existing research on the topic of health care transitions has centered largely on disease knowledge and competencies that young adults ought to master and self-manage, while largely disregarding the broader psychosocial context and impacts of IBD on daily functioning. Findings from a recent mixed-methods pilot study of transition-aged adolescents with IBD and their parents highlight the importance of acknowledging the psychosocial needs of adolescents with IBD and their families throughout the transition process, which include understanding the gut-brain axis, optimizing social support and mental health resources, and maintaining optimism and positivity. In this review, we expand upon the findings from this pilot study, synthesize the latest research in psychogastroenterology and pediatric-to-adult transitions in IBD, and provide five patient-centered interventions that may be implemented in clinical settings, in anticipation of, and during the patient transition experience. These interventions are rooted in positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral principles and are designed for adolescents with IBD to complete with input from their families and health care professionals.
{"title":"Transitions from pediatric to adult IBD care: Incorporating lessons from psychogastroenterology","authors":"Michelle Mendiolaza, Jordyn H. Feingold, Halley P. Kaye-Kauderer, M. Dubinsky, K. Gorbenko, L. Keefer","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.1037421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.1037421","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from pediatric to adult gastroenterology care for adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a critical period associated with poor disease outcomes and high medical costs. Burdens such as the discontinuity of care when transitioning from one provider to another are amplified by poor coping and psychosocial factors. However, existing research on the topic of health care transitions has centered largely on disease knowledge and competencies that young adults ought to master and self-manage, while largely disregarding the broader psychosocial context and impacts of IBD on daily functioning. Findings from a recent mixed-methods pilot study of transition-aged adolescents with IBD and their parents highlight the importance of acknowledging the psychosocial needs of adolescents with IBD and their families throughout the transition process, which include understanding the gut-brain axis, optimizing social support and mental health resources, and maintaining optimism and positivity. In this review, we expand upon the findings from this pilot study, synthesize the latest research in psychogastroenterology and pediatric-to-adult transitions in IBD, and provide five patient-centered interventions that may be implemented in clinical settings, in anticipation of, and during the patient transition experience. These interventions are rooted in positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral principles and are designed for adolescents with IBD to complete with input from their families and health care professionals.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45430859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2022.977169
M. Sharma, Kumari Priyam, Punit Kumar, P. Garg, T. Roy, T. Jacob
Background Impaired autophagy contributes to development of acute pancreatitis (AP). We studied the effect of inducing autophagy by calorie-restriction and rapamycin, separately, in the caerulein-induced model of severe AP. Methods Adult, male, Swiss albino mice were given eight, hourly, intraperitoneal injections of caerulein (Ce) (50µg/Kg/dose). The interventions were calorie restriction (CR) and rapamycin (2mg/Kg). Mice were sacrificed at the 9th hour. Pancreas was harvested for histopathology and immunoblotting. Amylase activity and the levels of cytokines were measured in plasma. Results The histopathological score and amylase activity were significantly lower in calorie-restricted caerulein-induced AP (CRCeAP) in comparison to animals that had unrestricted access to chow. In the CRCeAP group, levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF in plasma were lower and the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 were higher. On transmission electron-microscopy, the area occupied by autophagic vacuoles was higher in CRCeAP. The expression of caspase-8 and caspase-9 was also higher in CRCeAP. In rapamycin with caerulein-induced AP (Rapa+CeAP), the histopathological score and amylase activity were significantly lower than caerulein-induced AP (CeAP). In Rapa+CeAP, the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 were higher, whereas; SQSTM1 was decreased. The number of autophagic vacuoles in Rapa+CeAP group was fewer. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were lower in Rapa+CeAP. Caspase-3 increased and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) decreased in Rapa+CeAP. Conclusion Calorie-restriction and rapamycin can individually decrease the severity of injury in the caerulein-induced model of severe AP.
{"title":"Effect of calorie-restriction and rapamycin on autophagy and the severity of caerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in mice","authors":"M. Sharma, Kumari Priyam, Punit Kumar, P. Garg, T. Roy, T. Jacob","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2022.977169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.977169","url":null,"abstract":"Background Impaired autophagy contributes to development of acute pancreatitis (AP). We studied the effect of inducing autophagy by calorie-restriction and rapamycin, separately, in the caerulein-induced model of severe AP. Methods Adult, male, Swiss albino mice were given eight, hourly, intraperitoneal injections of caerulein (Ce) (50µg/Kg/dose). The interventions were calorie restriction (CR) and rapamycin (2mg/Kg). Mice were sacrificed at the 9th hour. Pancreas was harvested for histopathology and immunoblotting. Amylase activity and the levels of cytokines were measured in plasma. Results The histopathological score and amylase activity were significantly lower in calorie-restricted caerulein-induced AP (CRCeAP) in comparison to animals that had unrestricted access to chow. In the CRCeAP group, levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF in plasma were lower and the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 were higher. On transmission electron-microscopy, the area occupied by autophagic vacuoles was higher in CRCeAP. The expression of caspase-8 and caspase-9 was also higher in CRCeAP. In rapamycin with caerulein-induced AP (Rapa+CeAP), the histopathological score and amylase activity were significantly lower than caerulein-induced AP (CeAP). In Rapa+CeAP, the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 were higher, whereas; SQSTM1 was decreased. The number of autophagic vacuoles in Rapa+CeAP group was fewer. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were lower in Rapa+CeAP. Caspase-3 increased and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) decreased in Rapa+CeAP. Conclusion Calorie-restriction and rapamycin can individually decrease the severity of injury in the caerulein-induced model of severe AP.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44090202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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