Pub Date : 2024-05-28eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1349234
Melanie Kempf, Susanne Kohl, Krunoslav Stingl, Fadi Nasser, Katarina Stingl, Friederike C Kortuem
Purpose: To determine the structure of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the macula in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa related to Usher syndrome using adaptive optics fundus (AO) imaging and to correlate these findings with those of the standard clinical diagnostics.
Methods: Ten patients with a genetically confirmed retinitis pigmentosa in Usher syndrome due to biallelic variants in MYO7A or USH2A were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with fundus autofluorescence photography (FAF), full-field (ffERG) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and Adaptive Optics Flood Illuminated Ophthalmoscopy (AO, rtx1™, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). The cone density was assessed centrally and at each 0.5 degree horizontally and vertically from 1-4 degree of eccentricity.
Results: In the AO images, photoreceptor cell death was visualized as a disruption of the cone mosaic and low cone density. In the early stage of the disease, cones were still visible in the fovea, whereas outside the fovea a loss of cones was recognizable by blurry, dark patches. The blurry patches corresponded to the parafoveal hypofluorescent ring in the FAF images and the beginning loss of the IS/OS line and external limiting membrane in the SD-OCT images. FfERGs were non-recordable in 7 patients and reduced in 3. The mfERG was reduced in all patients and correlated significantly (p <0.001) with the cone density. The kinetic visual field area, measured with III4e and I4e, did not correlate with the cone density.
Conclusion: The structure of the photoreceptors in Usher syndrome patients were detectable by AO fundus imaging. The approach of using high-resolution technique to assess the photoreceptor structure complements the established clinical examinations and allows a more sensitive monitoring of early stages of retinitis pigmentosa in Usher syndrome.
{"title":"Adaptive optics retinal imaging in patients with usher syndrome.","authors":"Melanie Kempf, Susanne Kohl, Krunoslav Stingl, Fadi Nasser, Katarina Stingl, Friederike C Kortuem","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1349234","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1349234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the structure of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the macula in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa related to Usher syndrome using adaptive optics fundus (AO) imaging and to correlate these findings with those of the standard clinical diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten patients with a genetically confirmed retinitis pigmentosa in Usher syndrome due to biallelic variants in MYO7A or USH2A were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with fundus autofluorescence photography (FAF), full-field (ffERG) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and Adaptive Optics Flood Illuminated Ophthalmoscopy (AO, rtx1™, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). The cone density was assessed centrally and at each 0.5 degree horizontally and vertically from 1-4 degree of eccentricity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the AO images, photoreceptor cell death was visualized as a disruption of the cone mosaic and low cone density. In the early stage of the disease, cones were still visible in the fovea, whereas outside the fovea a loss of cones was recognizable by blurry, dark patches. The blurry patches corresponded to the parafoveal hypofluorescent ring in the FAF images and the beginning loss of the IS/OS line and external limiting membrane in the SD-OCT images. FfERGs were non-recordable in 7 patients and reduced in 3. The mfERG was reduced in all patients and correlated significantly (p <0.001) with the cone density. The kinetic visual field area, measured with III4e and I4e, did not correlate with the cone density.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The structure of the photoreceptors in Usher syndrome patients were detectable by AO fundus imaging. The approach of using high-resolution technique to assess the photoreceptor structure complements the established clinical examinations and allows a more sensitive monitoring of early stages of retinitis pigmentosa in Usher syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1380701
Deniz Goodman, Angela Y. Zhu
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in ophthalmology is rapidly expanding. Early detection and management of keratoconus is important for preventing disease progression and the need for corneal transplant. We review studies regarding the utility of AI in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus and other corneal ectasias.We conducted a systematic search for relevant original, English-language research studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to October 31, 2023, using a combination of the following keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, keratoconus, and corneal ectasia. Case reports, literature reviews, conference proceedings, and editorials were excluded. We extracted the following data from each eligible study: type of AI, input used for training, output, ground truth or reference, dataset size, availability of algorithm/model, availability of dataset, and major study findings.Ninety-three original research studies were included in this review, with the date of publication ranging from 1994 to 2023. The majority of studies were regarding the use of AI in detecting keratoconus or subclinical keratoconus (n=61). Among studies regarding keratoconus diagnosis, the most common inputs were corneal topography, Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography, and anterior segment-optical coherence tomography. This review also summarized 16 original research studies regarding AI-based assessment of severity and clinical features, 7 studies regarding the prediction of disease progression, and 6 studies regarding the characterization of treatment response. There were only three studies regarding the use of AI in identifying susceptibility genes involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of keratoconus.Algorithms trained on Scheimpflug-based tomography seem promising tools for the early diagnosis of keratoconus that can be particularly applied in low-resource communities. Future studies could investigate the application of AI models trained on multimodal patient information for staging keratoconus severity and tracking disease progression.
{"title":"Utility of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus: a systematic review","authors":"Deniz Goodman, Angela Y. Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1380701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1380701","url":null,"abstract":"The application of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in ophthalmology is rapidly expanding. Early detection and management of keratoconus is important for preventing disease progression and the need for corneal transplant. We review studies regarding the utility of AI in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus and other corneal ectasias.We conducted a systematic search for relevant original, English-language research studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to October 31, 2023, using a combination of the following keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, keratoconus, and corneal ectasia. Case reports, literature reviews, conference proceedings, and editorials were excluded. We extracted the following data from each eligible study: type of AI, input used for training, output, ground truth or reference, dataset size, availability of algorithm/model, availability of dataset, and major study findings.Ninety-three original research studies were included in this review, with the date of publication ranging from 1994 to 2023. The majority of studies were regarding the use of AI in detecting keratoconus or subclinical keratoconus (n=61). Among studies regarding keratoconus diagnosis, the most common inputs were corneal topography, Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography, and anterior segment-optical coherence tomography. This review also summarized 16 original research studies regarding AI-based assessment of severity and clinical features, 7 studies regarding the prediction of disease progression, and 6 studies regarding the characterization of treatment response. There were only three studies regarding the use of AI in identifying susceptibility genes involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of keratoconus.Algorithms trained on Scheimpflug-based tomography seem promising tools for the early diagnosis of keratoconus that can be particularly applied in low-resource communities. Future studies could investigate the application of AI models trained on multimodal patient information for staging keratoconus severity and tracking disease progression.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1382073
Dominique Bremond-Gignac
{"title":"Editorial: Insights in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus: 2022","authors":"Dominique Bremond-Gignac","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1382073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1382073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1385495
Zhao Jiang, Diane Chernoff, Andre Galenchik-Chan, David Tomorri, Robert A. Honkanen, Timothy Q. Duong, E. Muir
Blood flow (BF) of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures can be quantitatively imaged using MRI. This study sought to improve methods of data acquisition and analysis for MRI of layer-specific retinal and choroidal BF and then applied this approach to detect reduced ocular BF in a well-established mouse model of glaucoma from both eyes.Quantitative BF magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on glaucomatous DBA/2J and normal C57BL/6J mice. Arterial spin labeling MRI was applied to image retinal and choroidal BF using custom-made dual eye coils that could image both eyes during the same scan. Statistics using data from a single eye or two eyes were compared. BF values were calculated using two approaches. The BF rate per quantity of tissue was calculated as commonly done, and the peak BF values of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures were taken. Additionally, the BF rate per retinal surface area was calculated using a new analysis approach to attempt to reduce partial volume and variability by integrating BF over the retinal and choroidal depths.Ocular BF of both eyes could be imaged using the dual coil setup without effecting scan time. Intraocular pressure was significantly elevated in DBA/2J mice compared to C57BL/6J mice (P<0.01). Both retinal and choroidal BF were significantly decreased in DBA/2J mice in comparison to the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice across all measurements (P < 0.01). From simulations, the values from the integrated BF analysis method had less partial volume effect, and from in vivo scans, this analysis approach also improved power.The dual eye coil setup allows bilateral eye data acquisition, increasing the amount of data acquired without increasing acquisition times in vivo. The reduced ocular BF found using the improved acquisition and analysis approaches replicated the results of previous studies on DBA/2J mice. The ocular hypertensive stress-induced BF reduction found within these mice may represent changes associated with glaucomatous progression.
{"title":"Improved MRI methods to quantify retinal and choroidal blood flow applied to a model of glaucoma","authors":"Zhao Jiang, Diane Chernoff, Andre Galenchik-Chan, David Tomorri, Robert A. Honkanen, Timothy Q. Duong, E. Muir","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1385495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1385495","url":null,"abstract":"Blood flow (BF) of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures can be quantitatively imaged using MRI. This study sought to improve methods of data acquisition and analysis for MRI of layer-specific retinal and choroidal BF and then applied this approach to detect reduced ocular BF in a well-established mouse model of glaucoma from both eyes.Quantitative BF magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on glaucomatous DBA/2J and normal C57BL/6J mice. Arterial spin labeling MRI was applied to image retinal and choroidal BF using custom-made dual eye coils that could image both eyes during the same scan. Statistics using data from a single eye or two eyes were compared. BF values were calculated using two approaches. The BF rate per quantity of tissue was calculated as commonly done, and the peak BF values of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures were taken. Additionally, the BF rate per retinal surface area was calculated using a new analysis approach to attempt to reduce partial volume and variability by integrating BF over the retinal and choroidal depths.Ocular BF of both eyes could be imaged using the dual coil setup without effecting scan time. Intraocular pressure was significantly elevated in DBA/2J mice compared to C57BL/6J mice (P<0.01). Both retinal and choroidal BF were significantly decreased in DBA/2J mice in comparison to the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice across all measurements (P < 0.01). From simulations, the values from the integrated BF analysis method had less partial volume effect, and from in vivo scans, this analysis approach also improved power.The dual eye coil setup allows bilateral eye data acquisition, increasing the amount of data acquired without increasing acquisition times in vivo. The reduced ocular BF found using the improved acquisition and analysis approaches replicated the results of previous studies on DBA/2J mice. The ocular hypertensive stress-induced BF reduction found within these mice may represent changes associated with glaucomatous progression.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1385485
Saray Catalán-Coronado, A. Parrado-Carrillo, Javier Nogués-Castell, Josep Rosinés-Fonoll, A. Camós-Carreras, Rafel Alcubierre, M. Carrión-Donderis, C. Bernal-Morales, Bernardo Sánchez-Dalmau
Optic nerve sheath meningocele is an enlargement of the sheath itself, consisting of a collection of cerebrospinal fluid along the perineural space. It should be considered primary if it is not associated with orbital–cerebral neoplasm or with cranio-orbital junction malformations. We report three cases of bilateral primary idiopathic optic nerve sheath meningocele, two of them with gradual vision loss. The first case presented a history of monocular blurred vision of the right eye and headache. It was initially treated with acetazolamide without any improvement, after which optic nerve sheath fenestration was required. The second case showed intermittent binocular diplopia with central 24-2 perimetry defects in the left eye. The third case was first presented as a subacute bilateral conjunctivitis with a suspected orbital pseudotumor. An incidental bilateral optic nerve sheath meningocele was found in the orbital imaging, being totally asymptomatic. In all the cases, orbital and cranial magnetic resonance with contrast and fat suppression was crucial in the diagnosis.
{"title":"Case report: Bilateral optic nerve sheath meningocele: clinical aspects","authors":"Saray Catalán-Coronado, A. Parrado-Carrillo, Javier Nogués-Castell, Josep Rosinés-Fonoll, A. Camós-Carreras, Rafel Alcubierre, M. Carrión-Donderis, C. Bernal-Morales, Bernardo Sánchez-Dalmau","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1385485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1385485","url":null,"abstract":"Optic nerve sheath meningocele is an enlargement of the sheath itself, consisting of a collection of cerebrospinal fluid along the perineural space. It should be considered primary if it is not associated with orbital–cerebral neoplasm or with cranio-orbital junction malformations. We report three cases of bilateral primary idiopathic optic nerve sheath meningocele, two of them with gradual vision loss. The first case presented a history of monocular blurred vision of the right eye and headache. It was initially treated with acetazolamide without any improvement, after which optic nerve sheath fenestration was required. The second case showed intermittent binocular diplopia with central 24-2 perimetry defects in the left eye. The third case was first presented as a subacute bilateral conjunctivitis with a suspected orbital pseudotumor. An incidental bilateral optic nerve sheath meningocele was found in the orbital imaging, being totally asymptomatic. In all the cases, orbital and cranial magnetic resonance with contrast and fat suppression was crucial in the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corneal transplantation is a common treatment for corneal diseases. Secondary glaucoma after corneal transplantation is the second leading cause of failure of keratoplasty. This article reviews the mechanism and treatment of secondary glaucoma after corneal transplantation.
{"title":"Mechanism and treatment of secondary glaucoma after corneal transplantation: a review","authors":"Yumeng Lin, Qiaoyin Gou, Ping Yu, Zhengfang Wu, Liuzhi Zeng, Haoran Chen","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1361704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1361704","url":null,"abstract":"Corneal transplantation is a common treatment for corneal diseases. Secondary glaucoma after corneal transplantation is the second leading cause of failure of keratoplasty. This article reviews the mechanism and treatment of secondary glaucoma after corneal transplantation.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1393555
Youichi Shinozaki
{"title":"Editorial: Glial interactions in glaucoma","authors":"Youichi Shinozaki","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1393555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1393555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1382567
Daniel Laroche, Aaron Brown, Jose Sinon, Alexander Martin, Chester Ng, Sohail Sakkari
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1322178.].
[此处更正了文章 DOI：10.3389/fopht.2023.1322178]。
{"title":"Corrigendum: Pilot report: objective quantification of trabecular meshwork pigmentation using densitometry and the NIDEK GS-1 gonioscope in glaucoma patients.","authors":"Daniel Laroche, Aaron Brown, Jose Sinon, Alexander Martin, Chester Ng, Sohail Sakkari","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1382567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1382567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1322178.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1348900
F. Kortuem, David A Merle, Milda Reith, L. Kuehlewein, Ronja Jung, Saskia Holocher, K. Stingl, Katarina Stingl, Melanie Kempf
To investigate age-dependent wall to lumen ratio (WLR) reference values for healthy individuals in adaptive optics imaging (AO). WLR serves as an objective, dimensionless parameter for the evaluation of structural changes in vessels caused by conditions like arterial hypertension, diabetes or vascular stenosis.50 right eyes of healthy individuals were examined by adaptive optics imaging. The central big arterioles and smaller arterial branches at least one disc diameter away from the optic disc, approximately above or below the macula were measured by the manufacturer’s software. The wall-lumen-ratio (WLR), the wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) and lumen diameter (LD) were assessed. Subsequent data analysis was performed with a focus on variables including age, gender and blood pressure.Normative values for WLR, WCSA and LD in 5 different age groups could be established. However, no significant differences between the age groups were found. Intra-subject comparisons revealed significantly higher WLRs on peripheral branches when compared to central arterioles. WLR showed in this normotensive cohort no relevant correlation with the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure. Gender and intraocular pressure had no influence on the vascular parameters.AO is capable of examining vascular alterations in arterioles at an almost microscopic level. Age did not seem to alter WLR, normotensive blood pressure parameters showed also no significant impact. AO-based vessel analysis may provide clinically useful biomarkers for cardiovascular health and should be tested in future studies.
{"title":"Defining reference values of arterioles in healthy individuals for studies with adaptive optics imaging","authors":"F. Kortuem, David A Merle, Milda Reith, L. Kuehlewein, Ronja Jung, Saskia Holocher, K. Stingl, Katarina Stingl, Melanie Kempf","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1348900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1348900","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate age-dependent wall to lumen ratio (WLR) reference values for healthy individuals in adaptive optics imaging (AO). WLR serves as an objective, dimensionless parameter for the evaluation of structural changes in vessels caused by conditions like arterial hypertension, diabetes or vascular stenosis.50 right eyes of healthy individuals were examined by adaptive optics imaging. The central big arterioles and smaller arterial branches at least one disc diameter away from the optic disc, approximately above or below the macula were measured by the manufacturer’s software. The wall-lumen-ratio (WLR), the wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) and lumen diameter (LD) were assessed. Subsequent data analysis was performed with a focus on variables including age, gender and blood pressure.Normative values for WLR, WCSA and LD in 5 different age groups could be established. However, no significant differences between the age groups were found. Intra-subject comparisons revealed significantly higher WLRs on peripheral branches when compared to central arterioles. WLR showed in this normotensive cohort no relevant correlation with the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure. Gender and intraocular pressure had no influence on the vascular parameters.AO is capable of examining vascular alterations in arterioles at an almost microscopic level. Age did not seem to alter WLR, normotensive blood pressure parameters showed also no significant impact. AO-based vessel analysis may provide clinically useful biomarkers for cardiovascular health and should be tested in future studies.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140218622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1331298
Wendy L. Piñon-Teal, Judith Mosinger Ogilvie
Estrogen has emerged as a multifaceted signaling molecule in the retina, playing an important role in neural development and providing neuroprotection in adults. It interacts with two receptor types: classical estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (Gper). Gper differs from classical ERs in structure, localization, and signaling. Here we provide the first report of the temporal and spatial properties of Gper transcript and protein expression in the developing and mature mouse retina.We applied qRT-PCR to determine Gper transcript expression in wild type mouse retina from P0-P21. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to determine Gper protein expression and localization at the same time points.Gper expression showed a 6-fold increase during postnatal development, peaking at P14. Relative total Gper expression exhibited a significant decrease during retinal development, although variations emerged in the timing of changes among different forms of the protein. Gper immunoreactivity was seen in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) throughout development and also in somas in the position of horizontal cells at early time points. Immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm and Golgi at all time points, in the nucleus at early time points, and in RGC axons as the retina matured.In conclusion, our study illuminates the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Gper in the developing mouse retina and provides a vital foundation for further investigations into the role of Gper in retinal development and degeneration.
{"title":"G protein-coupled estrogen receptor expression in postnatal developing mouse retina","authors":"Wendy L. Piñon-Teal, Judith Mosinger Ogilvie","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1331298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1331298","url":null,"abstract":"Estrogen has emerged as a multifaceted signaling molecule in the retina, playing an important role in neural development and providing neuroprotection in adults. It interacts with two receptor types: classical estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (Gper). Gper differs from classical ERs in structure, localization, and signaling. Here we provide the first report of the temporal and spatial properties of Gper transcript and protein expression in the developing and mature mouse retina.We applied qRT-PCR to determine Gper transcript expression in wild type mouse retina from P0-P21. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to determine Gper protein expression and localization at the same time points.Gper expression showed a 6-fold increase during postnatal development, peaking at P14. Relative total Gper expression exhibited a significant decrease during retinal development, although variations emerged in the timing of changes among different forms of the protein. Gper immunoreactivity was seen in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) throughout development and also in somas in the position of horizontal cells at early time points. Immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm and Golgi at all time points, in the nucleus at early time points, and in RGC axons as the retina matured.In conclusion, our study illuminates the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Gper in the developing mouse retina and provides a vital foundation for further investigations into the role of Gper in retinal development and degeneration.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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