Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1349297
A. Kalitzeos, Michel Michaelides, A. Dubra
Non-confocal split-detection imaging reveals the cone photoreceptor inner segment mosaic in a plethora of retinal conditions, with the potential of providing insight to ageing, disease, and response to treatment processes, in vivo, and allows the screening of candidates for cell rescue therapies. This imaging modality complements confocal reflectance adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy, which relies on the waveguiding properties of cones, as well as their orientation toward the pupil. Split-detection contrast, however, is directional, with each cone inner segment appearing as opposite dark and bright semicircles, presenting a challenge for either manual or automated cell identification. Quadrant-detection imaging, an evolution of split detection, could be used to generate images without directional dependence. Here, we demonstrate how the embossed-filtered quadrant-detection images, originally proposed by Migacz et al. for visualising hyalocytes, can also be used to generate photoreceptor mosaic images with better and non-directional contrast for improved visualisation. As a surrogate of visualisation improvement between legacy split-detection images and the images resulting from the method described herein, we provide preliminary results of simple image processing routines that may enable the automated identification of generic image features, as opposed to complex algorithms developed specifically for photoreceptor identification, in pathological retinas.
{"title":"Minimum intensity projection of embossed quadrant-detection images for improved photoreceptor mosaic visualisation","authors":"A. Kalitzeos, Michel Michaelides, A. Dubra","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1349297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1349297","url":null,"abstract":"Non-confocal split-detection imaging reveals the cone photoreceptor inner segment mosaic in a plethora of retinal conditions, with the potential of providing insight to ageing, disease, and response to treatment processes, in vivo, and allows the screening of candidates for cell rescue therapies. This imaging modality complements confocal reflectance adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy, which relies on the waveguiding properties of cones, as well as their orientation toward the pupil. Split-detection contrast, however, is directional, with each cone inner segment appearing as opposite dark and bright semicircles, presenting a challenge for either manual or automated cell identification. Quadrant-detection imaging, an evolution of split detection, could be used to generate images without directional dependence. Here, we demonstrate how the embossed-filtered quadrant-detection images, originally proposed by Migacz et al. for visualising hyalocytes, can also be used to generate photoreceptor mosaic images with better and non-directional contrast for improved visualisation. As a surrogate of visualisation improvement between legacy split-detection images and the images resulting from the method described herein, we provide preliminary results of simple image processing routines that may enable the automated identification of generic image features, as opposed to complex algorithms developed specifically for photoreceptor identification, in pathological retinas.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1367258
Ş. C. Ipek, C. A. Utine
{"title":"Topography-guided excimer laser ablation in refractive surgery","authors":"Ş. C. Ipek, C. A. Utine","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1367258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1367258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1368081
Mo'ath AlShawabkeh, S. A. Alryalat, Muawyah Al Bdour, Ayat Alni’mat, M. Al-Akhras
With advancements in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in different ophthalmology disciplines, it continues to have a significant impact on glaucoma diagnosis and screening. This article explores the distinct roles of AI in specialized ophthalmology clinics and general practice, highlighting the critical balance between sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic and screening models. Screening models prioritize sensitivity to detect potential glaucoma cases efficiently, while diagnostic models emphasize specificity to confirm disease with high accuracy. AI applications, primarily using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have been successful in detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy from colored fundus photographs and other retinal imaging modalities. Diagnostic models integrate data extracted from various forms of modalities (including tests that assess structural optic nerve damage as well as those evaluating functional damage) to provide a more nuanced, accurate and thorough approach to diagnosing glaucoma. As AI continues to evolve, the collaboration between technology and clinical expertise should focus more on improving specificity of glaucoma diagnostic models to assess ophthalmologists to revolutionize glaucoma diagnosis and improve patients care.
{"title":"The utilization of artificial intelligence in glaucoma: diagnosis versus screening","authors":"Mo'ath AlShawabkeh, S. A. Alryalat, Muawyah Al Bdour, Ayat Alni’mat, M. Al-Akhras","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1368081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1368081","url":null,"abstract":"With advancements in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in different ophthalmology disciplines, it continues to have a significant impact on glaucoma diagnosis and screening. This article explores the distinct roles of AI in specialized ophthalmology clinics and general practice, highlighting the critical balance between sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic and screening models. Screening models prioritize sensitivity to detect potential glaucoma cases efficiently, while diagnostic models emphasize specificity to confirm disease with high accuracy. AI applications, primarily using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have been successful in detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy from colored fundus photographs and other retinal imaging modalities. Diagnostic models integrate data extracted from various forms of modalities (including tests that assess structural optic nerve damage as well as those evaluating functional damage) to provide a more nuanced, accurate and thorough approach to diagnosing glaucoma. As AI continues to evolve, the collaboration between technology and clinical expertise should focus more on improving specificity of glaucoma diagnostic models to assess ophthalmologists to revolutionize glaucoma diagnosis and improve patients care.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1362601
C. Sorenson, Teri L. Belecky-Adams, N. Sheibani
{"title":"Editorial: Ocular fibrosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and treatment modalities","authors":"C. Sorenson, Teri L. Belecky-Adams, N. Sheibani","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2024.1362601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2024.1362601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1309850
Diane Wang, Charlotte L Marous, Pelin Celiker, Wenyu Deng, Eva Kristoferson, Ali Elsayed, Roman Shinder, Nickisa M. Hodgson
Classification of thyroid eye disease (TED) is largely based on guidelines developed in Europe and North America. Few studies have investigated the presentation and treatment of TED in Black populations. The objective is to examine the manifestations of TED in secondary and tertiary care center-based populations with a significant proportion of Black patients.Retrospective chart review identifying patients with a reported race/ethnicity and a presenting clinical diagnosis of TED at Kings County Hospital and SUNY Downstate Medical Center and affiliated clinics from January 1, 2010 through July 31, 2021. Main outcome measures include age of disease onset, sex, smoking status, insurance status, postal code of residence, clinical exam features, number of follow-up visits, length of follow-up, and treatments received.Of the 80 patients analyzed, 49 were Black (61.2%) and 31 were White (38.8%). Between Black and White patients, there were differences in the mean age of presentation (48.1 [range 21-76] vs 56.8 [range 28-87] years, P=0.03), insurance status (51.0% vs 77.4% private insurance, P=0.02), and mean follow up length among those with multiple visits (21.6 [range 2-88] vs 9.7 [range 1-48] months, P=0.02). The distribution of EUGOGO scores were not significantly different between Black and White patients. On initial presentation, fewer Black patients had chemosis (OR 0.21, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.57, P=0.002), and caruncular swelling (OR 0.19, 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.59, P=0.002) compared to White patients. During the overall disease course, fewer Black patients had subjective diplopia (OR 0.20, 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.56, P=0.002), chemosis (OR 0.24, 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.63, P=0.004), and caruncular swelling (OR 0.18, 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.51, P=0.001) compared to White patients. Black patients received oral steroids (42.9% vs 67.7%, P=0.03), intravenous steroids (18.4% vs 16.1%, P=0.8), orbital decompression surgery (16.7% vs 6.5%, P=0.19), and teprotumumab (22.9% vs 22.6%, P=0.99) at similar rates.Black patients presented with fewer external exam findings suggestive of active TED compared to White patients, but the rate of compressive optic neuropathy and decompression surgery were similar in the two groups. These differences may be due to disease phenotypes, which warrant further study.
甲状腺眼病（TED）的分类主要基于欧洲和北美制定的指南。很少有研究调查了TED在黑人群体中的表现和治疗。回顾性病历审查确定了从 2010 年 1 月 1 日到 2021 年 7 月 31 日在国王县医院和纽约州立大学下州医疗中心及附属诊所就诊的、报告了种族/民族和临床诊断为 TED 的患者。主要结果指标包括发病年龄、性别、吸烟状况、保险状况、居住地邮政编码、临床检查特征、随访次数、随访时间和接受的治疗。在分析的80名患者中，49名为黑人（61.2%），31名为白人（38.8%）。黑人和白人患者的平均就诊年龄（48.1 [range 21-76] vs 56.8 [range 28-87]岁，P=0.03）、保险状况（51.0% vs 77.4% 私人保险，P=0.02）和多次就诊患者的平均随访时间（21.6 [range 2-88] vs 9.7 [range 1-48]个月，P=0.02）存在差异。黑人和白人患者的EUGOGO评分分布无明显差异。与白人患者相比，黑人患者初次发病时出现化脓（OR 0.21，95% CI，0.08 至 0.57，P=0.002）和眼窝肿胀（OR 0.19，95% CI，0.06 至 0.59，P=0.002）的人数较少。在整个病程中，与白人患者相比，黑人患者出现主观复视（OR 0.20，95% CI，0.07 至 0.56，P=0.002）、化生（OR 0.24，95% CI，0.09 至 0.63，P=0.004）和眼窝肿胀（OR 0.18，95% CI，0.07 至 0.51，P=0.001）的人数较少。黑人患者接受口服类固醇（42.9% vs 67.7%，P=0.03）、静脉注射类固醇（18.4% vs 16.1%，P=0.8）、眼眶减压手术（16.7% vs 6.5%，P=0.19）和替普鲁单抗（22.9% vs 22.6%，P=0.99）的比例相似。与白人患者相比，黑人患者的外部检查结果提示活动性TED的情况较少，但两组患者的压迫性视神经病变率和减压手术率相似。这些差异可能是疾病表型所致，值得进一步研究。
{"title":"The association of race with thyroid eye disease presentation and outcomes","authors":"Diane Wang, Charlotte L Marous, Pelin Celiker, Wenyu Deng, Eva Kristoferson, Ali Elsayed, Roman Shinder, Nickisa M. Hodgson","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1309850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1309850","url":null,"abstract":"Classification of thyroid eye disease (TED) is largely based on guidelines developed in Europe and North America. Few studies have investigated the presentation and treatment of TED in Black populations. The objective is to examine the manifestations of TED in secondary and tertiary care center-based populations with a significant proportion of Black patients.Retrospective chart review identifying patients with a reported race/ethnicity and a presenting clinical diagnosis of TED at Kings County Hospital and SUNY Downstate Medical Center and affiliated clinics from January 1, 2010 through July 31, 2021. Main outcome measures include age of disease onset, sex, smoking status, insurance status, postal code of residence, clinical exam features, number of follow-up visits, length of follow-up, and treatments received.Of the 80 patients analyzed, 49 were Black (61.2%) and 31 were White (38.8%). Between Black and White patients, there were differences in the mean age of presentation (48.1 [range 21-76] vs 56.8 [range 28-87] years, P=0.03), insurance status (51.0% vs 77.4% private insurance, P=0.02), and mean follow up length among those with multiple visits (21.6 [range 2-88] vs 9.7 [range 1-48] months, P=0.02). The distribution of EUGOGO scores were not significantly different between Black and White patients. On initial presentation, fewer Black patients had chemosis (OR 0.21, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.57, P=0.002), and caruncular swelling (OR 0.19, 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.59, P=0.002) compared to White patients. During the overall disease course, fewer Black patients had subjective diplopia (OR 0.20, 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.56, P=0.002), chemosis (OR 0.24, 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.63, P=0.004), and caruncular swelling (OR 0.18, 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.51, P=0.001) compared to White patients. Black patients received oral steroids (42.9% vs 67.7%, P=0.03), intravenous steroids (18.4% vs 16.1%, P=0.8), orbital decompression surgery (16.7% vs 6.5%, P=0.19), and teprotumumab (22.9% vs 22.6%, P=0.99) at similar rates.Black patients presented with fewer external exam findings suggestive of active TED compared to White patients, but the rate of compressive optic neuropathy and decompression surgery were similar in the two groups. These differences may be due to disease phenotypes, which warrant further study.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1322178
D. Laroche, Aaron Brown, José Sinon, Alexander Martin, Chester Ng, Sohail Sakkari
In this case series, we present a methodology for a proof of principle for the development of a unique biomarker for pigmentary glaucoma to detect progression before nerve fiber layer loss. Out of the five patients in this case series, one was excluded because of an outlier due to pseudoexfoliation syndrome with excessively dense pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork. The remaining patients displayed a decreased visual field loss with increased superior to inferior trabecular meshwork ratios. This methodology, though limited due to small sample size, shows that in a limited number of patients, visual field loss is positively correlated with increased superior to inferior trabecular meshwork ratios. The next steps would be to look at patients without glaucoma and patients with pigmentary glaucoma, along with complete inter-eye comparisons for patients with unilateral exfoliation syndrome to act as controls. To our knowledge, this is a novel methodology, and if the pattern holds, it can act as proof of principle for the development of a novel early biomarker for pigmentary glaucoma to improve early intervention and delay vision loss.
{"title":"Pilot report: objective quantification of trabecular meshwork pigmentation using densitometry and the NIDEK GS-1 gonioscope in glaucoma patients","authors":"D. Laroche, Aaron Brown, José Sinon, Alexander Martin, Chester Ng, Sohail Sakkari","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1322178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1322178","url":null,"abstract":"In this case series, we present a methodology for a proof of principle for the development of a unique biomarker for pigmentary glaucoma to detect progression before nerve fiber layer loss. Out of the five patients in this case series, one was excluded because of an outlier due to pseudoexfoliation syndrome with excessively dense pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork. The remaining patients displayed a decreased visual field loss with increased superior to inferior trabecular meshwork ratios. This methodology, though limited due to small sample size, shows that in a limited number of patients, visual field loss is positively correlated with increased superior to inferior trabecular meshwork ratios. The next steps would be to look at patients without glaucoma and patients with pigmentary glaucoma, along with complete inter-eye comparisons for patients with unilateral exfoliation syndrome to act as controls. To our knowledge, this is a novel methodology, and if the pattern holds, it can act as proof of principle for the development of a novel early biomarker for pigmentary glaucoma to improve early intervention and delay vision loss.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1247296
Daniel Barmas-Alamdari, George Jiao, Ronni Lieberman
Modern chemotherapeutic agents continue to evolve as modern monoclonal antibody treatments are designed to directly target proteins, enzymes, and focal loci. A particular class of these medications, fibroblast growth factor (FGFR) inhibitors, specifically pemigatinib (Pemazyre®; Incyte), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since April 2020 for the treatment of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. As it is a relatively new medication, its side-effect profile is manifesting in active clinical practice. The presence of FGFR receptors in the retinal pigment epithelium makes the retina susceptible to potential adverse effects secondary to pemigatinib use.A 69-year-old African-American male with a tumor mutation burden 3 (TMB-3) metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver from primary cholangiocarcinoma, who was undergoing chemotherapy with pemigatinib, was found to have asymptomatic bilateral subretinal fluid accumulation. Serial monitoring with optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated complete resolution of the subretinal fluid while off-cycle and asymptomatic re-accumulation of subretinal fluid while on-cycle, with no significant changes in visual acuity.Subretinal fluid accumulation secondary to pemigatinib may develop during the active treatment cycles without causing any significant visual symptoms for the patient. Serial monitoring demonstrates fluctuations of subretinal fluid during the patient’s on- and off-cycles. This case strengthens the current guidelines for continuing pemigatinib in asymptomatic patients found to have subretinal fluid. Further studies are warranted to identify patients who may be at higher risk for developing subretinal fluid.
{"title":"Case report: Pemigatinib-induced retinopathy: a serial examination of subretinal fluid secondary to an FGFR inhibitor","authors":"Daniel Barmas-Alamdari, George Jiao, Ronni Lieberman","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1247296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1247296","url":null,"abstract":"Modern chemotherapeutic agents continue to evolve as modern monoclonal antibody treatments are designed to directly target proteins, enzymes, and focal loci. A particular class of these medications, fibroblast growth factor (FGFR) inhibitors, specifically pemigatinib (Pemazyre®; Incyte), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since April 2020 for the treatment of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. As it is a relatively new medication, its side-effect profile is manifesting in active clinical practice. The presence of FGFR receptors in the retinal pigment epithelium makes the retina susceptible to potential adverse effects secondary to pemigatinib use.A 69-year-old African-American male with a tumor mutation burden 3 (TMB-3) metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver from primary cholangiocarcinoma, who was undergoing chemotherapy with pemigatinib, was found to have asymptomatic bilateral subretinal fluid accumulation. Serial monitoring with optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated complete resolution of the subretinal fluid while off-cycle and asymptomatic re-accumulation of subretinal fluid while on-cycle, with no significant changes in visual acuity.Subretinal fluid accumulation secondary to pemigatinib may develop during the active treatment cycles without causing any significant visual symptoms for the patient. Serial monitoring demonstrates fluctuations of subretinal fluid during the patient’s on- and off-cycles. This case strengthens the current guidelines for continuing pemigatinib in asymptomatic patients found to have subretinal fluid. Further studies are warranted to identify patients who may be at higher risk for developing subretinal fluid.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine how music can impact preoperative and intraoperative anxiety via assessment of physiological markers such as pupil size, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate.This is a randomized interventional study of individuals aged 50 years and above who were scheduled for and undergoing cataract surgery under regional anesthesia, with music (test group) randomly matched with similar individuals undergoing the same procedure but without music (control group). The surgeries were performed in the operating theater of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. Using a systematic random sampling method, a total of 98 patients were grouped into two. Both groups completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire at baseline, immediately upon entrance into the preoperative room and 5 min after intervention. Relevant study indices (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and pupil diameter) were measured and recorded, and these served as baseline parameters. The STAI questionnaire was then administered. Results were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 and analysis of variance was used to compare means of variables measured at baseline, preoperative before intervention, and preoperative after intervention. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the continuous variables.Our analysis, using the multiple linear regression, showed that music has an effect on preoperative anxiety and intraoperative anxiety by positively affecting the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and pupil diameter (P ≤ 0.001).Music reduces preoperative and intraoperative anxiety evidenced by its effect on the physiological biomarkers.
{"title":"Effects of music on the preoperative and intraoperative anxiety through the assessment of pupil size and vital signs (blood pressure, respiratory, and pulse rates) among cataract surgery patients at UNTH-Enugu","authors":"Chukwubuike Obiora Ezepue, Obinna Princewill Anyatonwu, Christian Chukwuka Duru, Franklin Odini, Nkiru Zuada Nwachukwu, Chidimma Onoh, Nwamaka Nwachukwu, Chukwunonso Afam Oguonu","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1340752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1340752","url":null,"abstract":"To examine how music can impact preoperative and intraoperative anxiety via assessment of physiological markers such as pupil size, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate.This is a randomized interventional study of individuals aged 50 years and above who were scheduled for and undergoing cataract surgery under regional anesthesia, with music (test group) randomly matched with similar individuals undergoing the same procedure but without music (control group). The surgeries were performed in the operating theater of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. Using a systematic random sampling method, a total of 98 patients were grouped into two. Both groups completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire at baseline, immediately upon entrance into the preoperative room and 5 min after intervention. Relevant study indices (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and pupil diameter) were measured and recorded, and these served as baseline parameters. The STAI questionnaire was then administered. Results were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 and analysis of variance was used to compare means of variables measured at baseline, preoperative before intervention, and preoperative after intervention. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the continuous variables.Our analysis, using the multiple linear regression, showed that music has an effect on preoperative anxiety and intraoperative anxiety by positively affecting the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and pupil diameter (P ≤ 0.001).Music reduces preoperative and intraoperative anxiety evidenced by its effect on the physiological biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1346322
F. I. Ibrahim, K. Teo, Tien-En Tan, Hiok Hong Chan, P. Chandrasekaran, S. Lee, Anna C. S. Tan, R. Mathur, C. M. Chan, S. Sim, Gavin Tan, I. Yeo, C M G Cheung
To describe the early experiences of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) whose treatment was switched to faricimab from other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents.This is a prospective cohort of eyes with nAMD and PCV that were previously treated with anti-VEGF agents other than faricimab. We evaluated visual acuity (VA), central subfield thickness (CST), macular volume (MV), pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height, and choroidal thickness (CT) after one administration of faricimab. Where present, fluid was further evaluated according to intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), or within PED.Seventy-one eyes from 71 patients were included (45.07% PCV and 54.93% typical nAMD). The mean [standard deviation (± SD)] VA, CST, and MV improved from 0.50 logMAR (± 0.27 logMAR) to 0.46 logMAR (± 0.27 logMAR) (p = 0.20), 383.35 µm (± 111.24 µm) to 322.46 µm (± 103.89 µm (p < 0.01), and 9.40 mm3 (± 1.52 mm3) to 8.75 mm3 (± 1.17 mm3) (p < 0.01) from switch to post switch visit, respectively. The CT reduced from 167 µm (± 151 µm) to 149 µm (± 113 µm) (p < 0.01). There was also a significant reduction in the maximum PED height between visits [302.66 µm (± 217.97 µm)] and the post switch visit [236.66 µm (± 189.05 µm); p < 0.01]. This difference was greater in PEDs that were predominantly serous in nature. In the eyes with typical nAMD (n = 39), improvements were significant for CST, MV, CT, and PED. In the eyes with PCV (n = 32), only reductions in CT were statistically significant, while VA, CST, MV, and PED only showed numerically smaller improvements. One patient developed mild vitritis without vasculitis, which resolved with topical steroids with no sequelae.In our case series of Asian nAMD patients, switching to faricimab was associated with a stable VA and meaningful anatomical improvements, particularly with typical nAMD subtypes.
{"title":"Initial experiences of switching to faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in an Asian population","authors":"F. I. Ibrahim, K. Teo, Tien-En Tan, Hiok Hong Chan, P. Chandrasekaran, S. Lee, Anna C. S. Tan, R. Mathur, C. M. Chan, S. Sim, Gavin Tan, I. Yeo, C M G Cheung","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1346322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1346322","url":null,"abstract":"To describe the early experiences of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) whose treatment was switched to faricimab from other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents.This is a prospective cohort of eyes with nAMD and PCV that were previously treated with anti-VEGF agents other than faricimab. We evaluated visual acuity (VA), central subfield thickness (CST), macular volume (MV), pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height, and choroidal thickness (CT) after one administration of faricimab. Where present, fluid was further evaluated according to intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), or within PED.Seventy-one eyes from 71 patients were included (45.07% PCV and 54.93% typical nAMD). The mean [standard deviation (± SD)] VA, CST, and MV improved from 0.50 logMAR (± 0.27 logMAR) to 0.46 logMAR (± 0.27 logMAR) (p = 0.20), 383.35 µm (± 111.24 µm) to 322.46 µm (± 103.89 µm (p < 0.01), and 9.40 mm3 (± 1.52 mm3) to 8.75 mm3 (± 1.17 mm3) (p < 0.01) from switch to post switch visit, respectively. The CT reduced from 167 µm (± 151 µm) to 149 µm (± 113 µm) (p < 0.01). There was also a significant reduction in the maximum PED height between visits [302.66 µm (± 217.97 µm)] and the post switch visit [236.66 µm (± 189.05 µm); p < 0.01]. This difference was greater in PEDs that were predominantly serous in nature. In the eyes with typical nAMD (n = 39), improvements were significant for CST, MV, CT, and PED. In the eyes with PCV (n = 32), only reductions in CT were statistically significant, while VA, CST, MV, and PED only showed numerically smaller improvements. One patient developed mild vitritis without vasculitis, which resolved with topical steroids with no sequelae.In our case series of Asian nAMD patients, switching to faricimab was associated with a stable VA and meaningful anatomical improvements, particularly with typical nAMD subtypes.","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1354084
Claudia Fabiani, Marc De Smet
{"title":"Editorial: Global excellence in inflammatory eye diseases: Europe","authors":"Claudia Fabiani, Marc De Smet","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1354084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1354084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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