Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.39-45
Yuriy Skliarenko
.
{"title":"Identification of Polymorphism of the CSN2 Gene Encoding Beta-Casein in Ukrainian Black and White Breeds of Cattle","authors":"Yuriy Skliarenko","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.39-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.39-45","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43983707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.46-54
L. Zavadilová
The accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBV) for clinical mastitis (CM) of Czech Holstein cattle was analysed. The single-step genomic method and mixed genomic reference populations were employed. Dataset included 92,388 Holstein cows and 160,426 lactations. CM lactation incidence was 19.05%. Cows calved between 2017 and 2022 in 119 herds. A total of 4,969 Holstein sires and 35,814 Holstein females were genotyped. Three genomic matrices were used, two of them encompassing females. The linear animal model with repeatability included fixed effects of herd-year-season and parity-age at calving. The highest average accuracy of GEBV occurred for genotyped cows. SD of GEBV accuracy for bulls was significantly higher than these for cows. The accuracy of genotyped cows with health phenotypes ranged from 0.06 to 0.51. For the genotyped bulls born in 2021 and 2022, the maximal accuracy was 0.37; for genotyped heifers, the maximal accuracy was 0.42. The highest average GEBV accuracy occurred for the reference population with genotyped bulls and genotyped cows with phenotypes. The average accuracy for the young genotyped bulls increased by one percentage point when phenotyped cows were considered in the reference genomic population. The cow‘s GEBV accuracy benefited from including their genotypes in the prediction. It has been confirmed that due to the expansion of the genomic reference population to include a group of genotyped cows with phenotypes, the individual accuracy of GEBV for CM had increased.
{"title":"Mixed reference population in genomic evaluation for clinical mastitis in Czech Holstein cattle","authors":"L. Zavadilová","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.46-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.46-54","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBV) for clinical mastitis (CM) of Czech Holstein cattle was analysed. The single-step genomic method and mixed genomic reference populations were employed. Dataset included 92,388 Holstein cows and 160,426 lactations. CM lactation incidence was 19.05%. Cows calved between 2017 and 2022 in 119 herds. A total of 4,969 Holstein sires and 35,814 Holstein females were genotyped. Three genomic matrices were used, two of them encompassing females. The linear animal model with repeatability included fixed effects of herd-year-season and parity-age at calving. The highest average accuracy of GEBV occurred for genotyped cows. SD of GEBV accuracy for bulls was significantly higher than these for cows. The accuracy of genotyped cows with health phenotypes ranged from 0.06 to 0.51. For the genotyped bulls born in 2021 and 2022, the maximal accuracy was 0.37; for genotyped heifers, the maximal accuracy was 0.42. The highest average GEBV accuracy occurred for the reference population with genotyped bulls and genotyped cows with phenotypes. The average accuracy for the young genotyped bulls increased by one percentage point when phenotyped cows were considered in the reference genomic population. The cow‘s GEBV accuracy benefited from including their genotypes in the prediction. It has been confirmed that due to the expansion of the genomic reference population to include a group of genotyped cows with phenotypes, the individual accuracy of GEBV for CM had increased.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41451809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60
Monika Chalúpková
{"title":"Estimation of genetic parameters of claw formation in Holstein and Slovak Spotted cattle","authors":"Monika Chalúpková","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.55-60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41506237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.78-92
A. Kintl
{"title":"Effect of cover crops undersown in maize on the mycotoxin content in maize biomass","authors":"A. Kintl","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.78-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.78-92","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44532565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.93-101
V. Šimanský
{"title":"Reducing the intensity of machine movement in the field improves the structure of the soil","authors":"V. Šimanský","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.93-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.93-101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46282066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.33-38
Adrián Halvoník
The growth intensity of cattle significantly affects their future production and reproduction performance. Despite this fact, many breeders underestimate the rearing of calves and heifers. Our study aimed to evaluate the growth intensity of Holstein calves and heifers in PD Devio Nové Sady based on non-contact measurement of live weight and body measurements through the analysis of digital images using the app AGRONINJA beefie3d TM . The growth intensity analysis was based on the standard Penn State protocol, which uses the Hoffman method to estimate growth standards. A total of 143 calves and heifers were evaluated in three independent measurements. Obtained data were compared to an optimal growth curve determined based on the weight and wither height of dairy cows on the third lactation and using a system of growth intensity requirements. The results showed several deficiencies in the growth intensity of animals on the selected farm. We observed a growth deficit in the height of the evaluated calves from 3 to approximately 4.5 months of age. In addition, we observed that heifers older than eight months exceeded the set weight optimum. We also found a significant decrease in growth intensity due to the disease which occurred in the herd. The results of this study showed that regular recording of data related to body measurements and weight, as well as their comparison with the required values, makes it possible to reveal and, at the same time, eliminate many deficiencies in the breeding of heifers that will form the future production herd.
{"title":"Evaluation of growth intensity in dairy cattle","authors":"Adrián Halvoník","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.01.33-38","url":null,"abstract":"The growth intensity of cattle significantly affects their future production and reproduction performance. Despite this fact, many breeders underestimate the rearing of calves and heifers. Our study aimed to evaluate the growth intensity of Holstein calves and heifers in PD Devio Nové Sady based on non-contact measurement of live weight and body measurements through the analysis of digital images using the app AGRONINJA beefie3d TM . The growth intensity analysis was based on the standard Penn State protocol, which uses the Hoffman method to estimate growth standards. A total of 143 calves and heifers were evaluated in three independent measurements. Obtained data were compared to an optimal growth curve determined based on the weight and wither height of dairy cows on the third lactation and using a system of growth intensity requirements. The results showed several deficiencies in the growth intensity of animals on the selected farm. We observed a growth deficit in the height of the evaluated calves from 3 to approximately 4.5 months of age. In addition, we observed that heifers older than eight months exceeded the set weight optimum. We also found a significant decrease in growth intensity due to the disease which occurred in the herd. The results of this study showed that regular recording of data related to body measurements and weight, as well as their comparison with the required values, makes it possible to reveal and, at the same time, eliminate many deficiencies in the breeding of heifers that will form the future production herd.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41567041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.242-246
T. Lošák
In a vegetation pot experiment we explored the effect of fertilizers with potassium (KCl; 0.9 g K 2 O/6 kg of soil) and magnesium (ESTA Kieserite; 0.3 g MgO/6 kg of soil) applied together or separately to poppy on soil with good K and Mg supply on the seed yield, oil content and cadmium in the seed. Seed yields increased significantly after the application of KCl and ESTA Kieserite, respectively by 23.89% and 21.68%, as compared to the unfertilized control. Combined application of both fertilizers stimulated the yields significantly, i.e. by 15.26%. The seed oil content showed no significant changes among the treatments and ranged only between 42.1 and 43.6%. The pot production of oil in the fertilized treatments increased to 2.21–2.44 g/pot compared to 1.92 g/ pot in the unfertilized control. The Cd content in seeds was very low, there were no differences among the treatments and it ranged only between 0.204 and 0.214 mg/kg fresh matter – FM (threshold level of 1.20 mg/kg wet weight). Therefore, the application of both KCl and ESTA Kieserite fertilizers can be recommended on soils well supplied with both nutrients.
{"title":"Effect of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) fertilization with potassium and magnesium on the seed yield and its quality","authors":"T. Lošák","doi":"10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.242-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.242-246","url":null,"abstract":"In a vegetation pot experiment we explored the effect of fertilizers with potassium (KCl; 0.9 g K 2 O/6 kg of soil) and magnesium (ESTA Kieserite; 0.3 g MgO/6 kg of soil) applied together or separately to poppy on soil with good K and Mg supply on the seed yield, oil content and cadmium in the seed. Seed yields increased significantly after the application of KCl and ESTA Kieserite, respectively by 23.89% and 21.68%, as compared to the unfertilized control. Combined application of both fertilizers stimulated the yields significantly, i.e. by 15.26%. The seed oil content showed no significant changes among the treatments and ranged only between 42.1 and 43.6%. The pot production of oil in the fertilized treatments increased to 2.21–2.44 g/pot compared to 1.92 g/ pot in the unfertilized control. The Cd content in seeds was very low, there were no differences among the treatments and it ranged only between 0.204 and 0.214 mg/kg fresh matter – FM (threshold level of 1.20 mg/kg wet weight). Therefore, the application of both KCl and ESTA Kieserite fertilizers can be recommended on soils well supplied with both nutrients.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46105931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.247-258
Sahar Bennani
Drought is the major bottleneck for food security worldwide. Identifying reliable selection traits that sustain plant growth and productivity under water-deficient conditions is essential for releasing resilient drought tolerant wheat genotypes. Herein, in order to identify the best combination of drought tolerance related-traits, this study was carried out to assess the effect of 21 shoot and 17 root secondary traits on grain yield of 40 bread wheat genotypes from germination to maturity stages under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. In this research, germination rate (GR), mean germination time (MGT), roots weight (RW), roots number (RN) and Root : Shoot ratio (R/S) were relevant for discriminating drought tolerant genotypes, expressing negative moderate correlation ( r ~ -0.5) and explaining a significant part of yield variation (8 to 30%). Grain number (GN) was the most important agronomic trait (r ~0.70–0.94) which explained up to 88% of yield variation. This latter effect is reinforced by the indirect effects of productive spikes number (FSN), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grains number per fertile spike (GNFS). The biomass (BY), ground cover (GC), spike (SL) and pedoncule lengths (PL) were also relevant, especially under severe stress ( r = 0.4–0.6; β = 0.33–0.40); while the canopy temperature depression (CTD) was determinant under moderate stress ( r = -0.45; β = -0.46). Combined selection for these traits will be effective to improve the process of developing high-yielding bread wheat varieties adapted to drought prone areas.
{"title":"Roots and shoot traits contributing to drought tolerance from germination to maturity stages for bread wheat","authors":"Sahar Bennani","doi":"10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.247-258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.247-258","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is the major bottleneck for food security worldwide. Identifying reliable selection traits that sustain plant growth and productivity under water-deficient conditions is essential for releasing resilient drought tolerant wheat genotypes. Herein, in order to identify the best combination of drought tolerance related-traits, this study was carried out to assess the effect of 21 shoot and 17 root secondary traits on grain yield of 40 bread wheat genotypes from germination to maturity stages under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. In this research, germination rate (GR), mean germination time (MGT), roots weight (RW), roots number (RN) and Root : Shoot ratio (R/S) were relevant for discriminating drought tolerant genotypes, expressing negative moderate correlation ( r ~ -0.5) and explaining a significant part of yield variation (8 to 30%). Grain number (GN) was the most important agronomic trait (r ~0.70–0.94) which explained up to 88% of yield variation. This latter effect is reinforced by the indirect effects of productive spikes number (FSN), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grains number per fertile spike (GNFS). The biomass (BY), ground cover (GC), spike (SL) and pedoncule lengths (PL) were also relevant, especially under severe stress ( r = 0.4–0.6; β = 0.33–0.40); while the canopy temperature depression (CTD) was determinant under moderate stress ( r = -0.45; β = -0.46). Combined selection for these traits will be effective to improve the process of developing high-yielding bread wheat varieties adapted to drought prone areas.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.174-184
O. J. Olarotimi
The ameliorative effects of ginger meal (GM) on the performance, carcass, and meat qualities of broilers fed diets containing MSG were examined. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were randomly allotted into four diets: Diet A (control), Diet B (basal + 1.25 g MSG/kg diet), Diet C (Diet B + 1.25 g GM/kg diet) and Diet D (diet B + 2.50 g GM/kg diet). The birds were fed starter and finisher diets and water ad libitum . At 6 weeks old, growth performance, carcass and meat qualities were assessed. Broilers on Diets B to D significantly ( P <0.05) recorded increased body weight, feed, energy, and protein intakes with those on Diet D having the best feed conversion ratio. The dressed weight and dressing percentage of broilers on the experimental diets were better than the control diet. The inclusion of GM significantly ( P <0.05) ameliorated the negative impacts of MSG on relative weights of the heart, liver, and bile. Meat catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly ( P <0.05) reduced while lipid peroxidation and meat cholesterol were significantly ( P <0.05) elevated among the birds fed Diet B when compared with the control. However, the inclusions of GM played a restorative role by significantly ( P <0.05) improving the meat antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation and cholesterol. Therefore, the inclusion of MSG at 1.25 g/kg with an inclusion of 1.25 to 2.50 g GM/kg was beneficial for feed palatability enhancement with resultant improvement on performance, carcass, and meat qualities.
研究了添加味精日粮的姜粉对肉鸡生产性能、胴体和肉质的改善作用。将360只一日龄肉鸡随机分为四个日粮：A日粮（对照）、B日粮（基础日粮+1.25g MSG/kg）、C日粮（B日粮+1.25 g GM/kg）和D日粮（B+2.50 g GM/kg日粮）。这些鸟被随意喂食起始和结束日粮和水。在6周龄时，对生长性能、胴体和肉质进行评估。日粮B至D的肉鸡体重、饲料、能量和蛋白质摄入量显著增加（P<0.05），而日粮D的肉鸡饲料转化率最高。试验日粮肉鸡的出栏重和出栏率均优于对照日粮。GM的加入显著改善了MSG对心脏、肝脏和胆汁相对重量的负面影响（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，B日粮组的肉过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶显著降低（P<0.05），而脂质过氧化和肉胆固醇显著升高（P<0.05）。然而，转基因的内含物通过显著提高肉类抗氧化酶、降低脂质过氧化和胆固醇而起到恢复作用（P<0.05）。因此，加入1.25克/公斤的MSG和1.25至2.50克的GM/公斤有利于提高饲料适口性，从而改善性能、胴体和肉质。
{"title":"Effects of ginger meal supplementation on performance and meat antioxidative enzymes of broilers fed monosodium glutamate","authors":"O. J. Olarotimi","doi":"10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.174-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.174-184","url":null,"abstract":"The ameliorative effects of ginger meal (GM) on the performance, carcass, and meat qualities of broilers fed diets containing MSG were examined. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were randomly allotted into four diets: Diet A (control), Diet B (basal + 1.25 g MSG/kg diet), Diet C (Diet B + 1.25 g GM/kg diet) and Diet D (diet B + 2.50 g GM/kg diet). The birds were fed starter and finisher diets and water ad libitum . At 6 weeks old, growth performance, carcass and meat qualities were assessed. Broilers on Diets B to D significantly ( P <0.05) recorded increased body weight, feed, energy, and protein intakes with those on Diet D having the best feed conversion ratio. The dressed weight and dressing percentage of broilers on the experimental diets were better than the control diet. The inclusion of GM significantly ( P <0.05) ameliorated the negative impacts of MSG on relative weights of the heart, liver, and bile. Meat catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly ( P <0.05) reduced while lipid peroxidation and meat cholesterol were significantly ( P <0.05) elevated among the birds fed Diet B when compared with the control. However, the inclusions of GM played a restorative role by significantly ( P <0.05) improving the meat antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation and cholesterol. Therefore, the inclusion of MSG at 1.25 g/kg with an inclusion of 1.25 to 2.50 g GM/kg was beneficial for feed palatability enhancement with resultant improvement on performance, carcass, and meat qualities.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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