Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.223-235
Martina Gažarová
The purpose of the study was to determine what changes will occur under the influence of six-week consumption of full-fat yogurt made from sheep's milk from ewes fed with iodine-enriched feed in relation to indicators of thyroid function – thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), but also to selected biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The intervention group consisted of nineteen women aged 54 ±7 years. It was a hyper-cholesterolemic group with a non-atherogenic lipid profile. Six-week consumption of sheep's yogurt contributed to the intake of an important element in human nutrition, but did not cause changes in the function of the thyroid gland, nor in the state of the hormones that produce or regulate its activity. TSH decreased from 2.6 ±1.0 mlU.l-1 to 2.4 ±1.0 mlU.l-1, fT4 increased from 15.2 ±1.5 pmol.l-1 to 15.3 ±1.7 pmol.l-1, but there were no statistically significant changes (P >0.05). The value of fT3 did not change at all (4.8 pmol.l-1). The intervention had no significant negative impact either on the lipid profile or other biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Our findings indicate that the consumption of full-fat sheep's yogurt not only contributes to the intake of iodine in the diet, but in terms of fat content does not cause health complications and deterioration of the lipid profile or other biochemical or anthropometric parameters
{"title":"The effect of six-week consumption of full-fat yogurt made from the milk of sheep fed with iodine-enriched feed on indicators of thyroid function and selected biochemical and anthropometric parameters","authors":"Martina Gažarová","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.223-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.223-235","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine what changes will occur under the influence of six-week consumption of full-fat yogurt made from sheep's milk from ewes fed with iodine-enriched feed in relation to indicators of thyroid function – thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), but also to selected biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The intervention group consisted of nineteen women aged 54 ±7 years. It was a hyper-cholesterolemic group with a non-atherogenic lipid profile. Six-week consumption of sheep's yogurt contributed to the intake of an important element in human nutrition, but did not cause changes in the function of the thyroid gland, nor in the state of the hormones that produce or regulate its activity. TSH decreased from 2.6 ±1.0 mlU.l-1 to 2.4 ±1.0 mlU.l-1, fT4 increased from 15.2 ±1.5 pmol.l-1 to 15.3 ±1.7 pmol.l-1, but there were no statistically significant changes (P >0.05). The value of fT3 did not change at all (4.8 pmol.l-1). The intervention had no significant negative impact either on the lipid profile or other biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Our findings indicate that the consumption of full-fat sheep's yogurt not only contributes to the intake of iodine in the diet, but in terms of fat content does not cause health complications and deterioration of the lipid profile or other biochemical or anthropometric parameters","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.324-331
Simona Čerteková
This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing markers derived from profilin sequences for the genomic fingerprinting of plant organisms. Profilins are a category of small actin-binding proteins that are present in all eukaryotic cells. Despite profilins being ubiquitous, some forms are also clinically relevant because of their ability to induce allergic responses in sensitized individuals. We conducted a PCR analysis on DNA samples obtained from 11 vegetable species (Brassica oleracea L. in 4 varieties) using two types of primers: non-degenerate and degenerate. In the case of degenerate primers, a total of 51 amplification products of different lengths were recorded, while their average amount was in the range of 7-8 amplicons for one species. The most frequently occurring product was the product with a length of 249 bp. A lower degree of polymorphism was noted when non-degenerate primers were used. The total number of different products created by amplification using non-degenerate primers was 33 and there was an average of 5 amplicons in one sample. As indicated by the findings, implementation of degenerate primers was more suitable for genomic fingerprinting based on profilin sequences in vegetable species, as it led to a higher level of variability in the amplification profiles of distinct species. It can be stated that amplification based on profilin sequences proved to be sufficient in its versatility and efficiency in generating variable-length polymorphism of PCR products.
{"title":"Utilization of plant profilins as DNA markers","authors":"Simona Čerteková","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.324-331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.324-331","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing markers derived from profilin sequences for the genomic fingerprinting of plant organisms. Profilins are a category of small actin-binding proteins that are present in all eukaryotic cells. Despite profilins being ubiquitous, some forms are also clinically relevant because of their ability to induce allergic responses in sensitized individuals. We conducted a PCR analysis on DNA samples obtained from 11 vegetable species (Brassica oleracea L. in 4 varieties) using two types of primers: non-degenerate and degenerate. In the case of degenerate primers, a total of 51 amplification products of different lengths were recorded, while their average amount was in the range of 7-8 amplicons for one species. The most frequently occurring product was the product with a length of 249 bp. A lower degree of polymorphism was noted when non-degenerate primers were used. The total number of different products created by amplification using non-degenerate primers was 33 and there was an average of 5 amplicons in one sample. As indicated by the findings, implementation of degenerate primers was more suitable for genomic fingerprinting based on profilin sequences in vegetable species, as it led to a higher level of variability in the amplification profiles of distinct species. It can be stated that amplification based on profilin sequences proved to be sufficient in its versatility and efficiency in generating variable-length polymorphism of PCR products.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.332-341
Nora Pollakova
The tillage technology used can influence the soil quality positively or negatively. The aim of this work was to compare the impact of reduced (RT) and conventional (CT) tillage technologies on selected physical and chemical properties of Mollic Fluvisol, Chernozem, and Haplic Luvisol. Differences in the properties of soils treated with RT and CT were investigated at fifteen sites to a depth of 40 cm. The results showed that in Mollic Fluvisol, which naturally has higher soil organic matter (SOM) content, changing the tillage system from CT to RT caused minimal negative changes in soil properties, including a significant increase in bulk density (rd), a decrease in available water capacity (QP) and hot water soluble carbon (CHWL); in contrast, the change in tillage system was positively reflected in a statistically significant increase in total organic carbon (Cox) and degree of humification. For Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol, which naturally have medium to low SOM content, changing tillage from CT to RT resulted in a significant decrease in CHWL content and degree of humification. All physical parameters assessed were significantly deteriorated (there was an increase in rd and wilting point, a significant decrease in air-filled porosity and QP. There was no significant improvement in any of the soil properties studied. It can be concluded that the CT system is more suitable for Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol tillage than the RT system. In Mollic Fluvisol, the RT system is more or less equally suitable for tillage as the CT system.
{"title":"Effect of tillage systems on the quality of different soil types","authors":"Nora Pollakova","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.332-341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.332-341","url":null,"abstract":"The tillage technology used can influence the soil quality positively or negatively. The aim of this work was to compare the impact of reduced (RT) and conventional (CT) tillage technologies on selected physical and chemical properties of Mollic Fluvisol, Chernozem, and Haplic Luvisol. Differences in the properties of soils treated with RT and CT were investigated at fifteen sites to a depth of 40 cm. The results showed that in Mollic Fluvisol, which naturally has higher soil organic matter (SOM) content, changing the tillage system from CT to RT caused minimal negative changes in soil properties, including a significant increase in bulk density (rd), a decrease in available water capacity (QP) and hot water soluble carbon (CHWL); in contrast, the change in tillage system was positively reflected in a statistically significant increase in total organic carbon (Cox) and degree of humification. For Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol, which naturally have medium to low SOM content, changing tillage from CT to RT resulted in a significant decrease in CHWL content and degree of humification. All physical parameters assessed were significantly deteriorated (there was an increase in rd and wilting point, a significant decrease in air-filled porosity and QP. There was no significant improvement in any of the soil properties studied. It can be concluded that the CT system is more suitable for Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol tillage than the RT system. In Mollic Fluvisol, the RT system is more or less equally suitable for tillage as the CT system.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.236-242
Ondrej Pastierik
The pilot survey among 36 Simmental cattle breeders in Slovakia was performed by an expert visiting farms and filling a questionnaire with farm managers. Data on the factors that influence the emission factors of ammonia, methane or nitrous oxide are needed to provide support for sustainable livestock production policies. Highest milk production (8305±828 kg) was found in the group with intensive production system comprising 7078 cows. Extensive systems were represented by only 2 farms with 451 cows producing 5527±1094 kg of milk. All farms used phase feeding, only 15% of all cows in the survey were grazing. The dominant way of handling animal waste was solid manure with straw bedding (30 farms), while slurry prevailed for the remaining farms. There were 8 farms (2095 cows) equipped with surface covered tanks, bags or using natural crust to reduce emission from slurry storage. Median emission factors of a dairy cow based on survey data were 137.21 kg, 0.850 kg and 50.79 kg per year for methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia, respectively. When aggregated by manure management, cows producing solid manure had a lower emission factor for methane but higher for ammonia and nitrous oxide compared to cows under liquid manure management. Linking data from various aspects of dairy production at farm level supports holistic approach as important for evaluation of food systems in the future.
在斯洛伐克的36名西门塔尔牛饲养者中进行的试点调查是由一位专家访问农场并填写农场管理人员的调查问卷进行的。需要关于影响氨、甲烷或一氧化二氮排放因子的因素的数据，以便为可持续畜牧业生产政策提供支持。产奶量最高的是7078头集约化奶牛组，产奶量为8305±828 kg。粗放型系统只有2个农场，共451头奶牛，产奶5527±1094公斤。所有农场都采用分期饲养，调查中只有15%的奶牛在吃草。畜禽粪便处理方式以秸秆垫层固粪为主(30个养殖场)，其余养殖场以粪浆为主。有8个农场(2095头牛)配备了表面覆盖的罐、袋或使用天然外壳来减少浆液储存的排放。根据调查数据，一头奶牛的甲烷、一氧化二氮和氨的排放因子中位数分别为137.21 kg、0.850 kg和50.79 kg /年。在粪肥管理下，产固体粪肥奶牛的甲烷排放因子较低，但氨和氧化亚氮排放因子较高。将农场层面乳制品生产各个方面的数据联系起来，支持整体方法，这对未来评估粮食系统非常重要。
{"title":"Pilot study on farming practices of Simmental dairy farms in Slovakia","authors":"Ondrej Pastierik","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.236-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.236-242","url":null,"abstract":"The pilot survey among 36 Simmental cattle breeders in Slovakia was performed by an expert visiting farms and filling a questionnaire with farm managers. Data on the factors that influence the emission factors of ammonia, methane or nitrous oxide are needed to provide support for sustainable livestock production policies. Highest milk production (8305±828 kg) was found in the group with intensive production system comprising 7078 cows. Extensive systems were represented by only 2 farms with 451 cows producing 5527±1094 kg of milk. All farms used phase feeding, only 15% of all cows in the survey were grazing. The dominant way of handling animal waste was solid manure with straw bedding (30 farms), while slurry prevailed for the remaining farms. There were 8 farms (2095 cows) equipped with surface covered tanks, bags or using natural crust to reduce emission from slurry storage. Median emission factors of a dairy cow based on survey data were 137.21 kg, 0.850 kg and 50.79 kg per year for methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia, respectively. When aggregated by manure management, cows producing solid manure had a lower emission factor for methane but higher for ammonia and nitrous oxide compared to cows under liquid manure management. Linking data from various aspects of dairy production at farm level supports holistic approach as important for evaluation of food systems in the future.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"4 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.314-323
Lalia Ammar
A better understanding of the soil seed bank system could help agricultural systems plan more effective weed control strategies. This study aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative soil weed seed bank composition in a cereal crop grown in northern-western Algeria under conventional farming systems and semi-arid conditions. The study was evaluated each autumn for three years (2018-2019-2020). Soil samples were collected from the field zone at each depth category (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, and 15-30 cm) and evaluated in a temperature-controlled greenhouse over six months using the seedling-emergence method. Several indexes were used to evaluate the seed bank density, diversity, and species composition. Thirty weed plants from seventeen families were recovered from the soil seed bank. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the most dominant families. The density of seed bank species varied significantly between the superficial (0-5 cm), middle depth (5-15cm), and deeper soil depth (15-30 cm). The averages were 14776.08 m-2 (19.01%), 36977.04 m-2 (47.59%) and 25943.06 m-2 (33.4%), respectively. According to our findings, Chenopodium vulvaria, Amaranthus blitoides, and Convolvulus arvensis were abundant. As a result, the weed seed bank research was critical in predicting the size and distribution of viable weed seeds in the soil. It aids in developing a sustainable weed management program in semi-arid areas by providing early warnings of weed community composition and allowing for informed decisions on long-term weed control.
{"title":"Weed seed bank dynamics during a three year crop rotation in Mediterranean semi-arid region (Northwestern Algeria)","authors":"Lalia Ammar","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.314-323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.314-323","url":null,"abstract":"A better understanding of the soil seed bank system could help agricultural systems plan more effective weed control strategies. This study aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative soil weed seed bank composition in a cereal crop grown in northern-western Algeria under conventional farming systems and semi-arid conditions. The study was evaluated each autumn for three years (2018-2019-2020). Soil samples were collected from the field zone at each depth category (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, and 15-30 cm) and evaluated in a temperature-controlled greenhouse over six months using the seedling-emergence method. Several indexes were used to evaluate the seed bank density, diversity, and species composition. Thirty weed plants from seventeen families were recovered from the soil seed bank. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the most dominant families. The density of seed bank species varied significantly between the superficial (0-5 cm), middle depth (5-15cm), and deeper soil depth (15-30 cm). The averages were 14776.08 m-2 (19.01%), 36977.04 m-2 (47.59%) and 25943.06 m-2 (33.4%), respectively. According to our findings, Chenopodium vulvaria, Amaranthus blitoides, and Convolvulus arvensis were abundant. As a result, the weed seed bank research was critical in predicting the size and distribution of viable weed seeds in the soil. It aids in developing a sustainable weed management program in semi-arid areas by providing early warnings of weed community composition and allowing for informed decisions on long-term weed control.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.256-262
Ondrej Pastierik
This paper aims to provide an overview of the suckler beef cow production system in Slovakia and its implications for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and ammonia. The study collected data from 24 farms with a total of 3,745 sucker cows in 2021, representing a variety of breeding practices and breeds used for production of weaned calves. The results shown that the farms breeding Charolaise had the lowest proportion (0.61, n=8) of permanent grassland from all land managed in contrast to Pinzgau (0.73, n=2) or Limousine (0.76, n=9) in this database. Preference of winter calving season prevailed representing 38 % of all cows (12 farms, 1415 cows) which had achieved calving rate 0.82 ± 0.13 of calf per cow and calving interval 420±35 days. In the contrast, farms that were not specific about preferred calving season reached rate 0.73±0.14 of calf per cow and calving interval 407±26 days. Mean average daily gain was 0.978 ± 0.23 g day-1 and age at weaning 188±48 days. Emission factors were 15.15 ± 3.7, 109.7± 9.3 and 0.800±0.07 kg of ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide for cow per year. Present study helps to identify information gaps on various factors such as forage quality, grazing practices, feed rations, and reproductive stage. Data on these variables even from a relatively small number of farms would provide opportunities to overcome the challenges to evaluate on-farm GHG mitigations and their trade-offs.
本文旨在概述斯洛伐克的哺乳肉牛生产系统及其对温室气体(GHG)排放和氨的影响。该研究收集了2021年24个农场共3745头吸盘奶牛的数据，代表了用于生产断奶小牛的各种育种方法和品种。结果表明:在所有耕地中，饲养夏罗莱兹的牧场占永久草地的比例(0.61,n=8)最低，而饲养平兹高的牧场占0.73,n=2)，而饲养利姆津的牧场占0.76,n=9。38%的奶牛(12个农场，1415头奶牛)偏好冬季产犊季节，产犊率达到每头奶牛0.82±0.13头，产犊间隔为420±35天。相比之下，未明确偏好产犊季节的养殖场的产犊率为每头牛0.73±0.14头，产犊间隔为407±26天。平均日增重0.978±0.23 g d -1，断奶日龄188±48 d。奶牛年氨、甲烷和氧化亚氮排放因子分别为15.15±3.7、109.7±9.3和0.800±0.07 kg。目前的研究有助于识别各种因素的信息缺口，如饲料质量、放牧方式、饲料配给和繁殖阶段。即使来自数量相对较少的农场的有关这些变量的数据也将为克服评估农场温室气体缓解及其权衡的挑战提供机会。
{"title":"Farm activity input data analysis from suckler cow system","authors":"Ondrej Pastierik","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.256-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.256-262","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide an overview of the suckler beef cow production system in Slovakia and its implications for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and ammonia. The study collected data from 24 farms with a total of 3,745 sucker cows in 2021, representing a variety of breeding practices and breeds used for production of weaned calves. The results shown that the farms breeding Charolaise had the lowest proportion (0.61, n=8) of permanent grassland from all land managed in contrast to Pinzgau (0.73, n=2) or Limousine (0.76, n=9) in this database. Preference of winter calving season prevailed representing 38 % of all cows (12 farms, 1415 cows) which had achieved calving rate 0.82 ± 0.13 of calf per cow and calving interval 420±35 days. In the contrast, farms that were not specific about preferred calving season reached rate 0.73±0.14 of calf per cow and calving interval 407±26 days. Mean average daily gain was 0.978 ± 0.23 g day-1 and age at weaning 188±48 days. Emission factors were 15.15 ± 3.7, 109.7± 9.3 and 0.800±0.07 kg of ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide for cow per year. Present study helps to identify information gaps on various factors such as forage quality, grazing practices, feed rations, and reproductive stage. Data on these variables even from a relatively small number of farms would provide opportunities to overcome the challenges to evaluate on-farm GHG mitigations and their trade-offs.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.273-284
Mouhssine Fatine
Five bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated in vitro by culturing explants of scrapped mature embryos (ME) and endosperm-supported mature embryos (MES) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 2, 3, and 4 mg/l of Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) for callogenesis and proliferation. The regeneration was initiated first, on MS hormone-free and then continued on MS complemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BAP). 2 mg.L-1 2,4-D was found to be optimum for callus induction and embryogenic callus production. As for plant regeneration, all five varieties have been able to form shoots and roots. However, this parameter was strongly controlled by variety and explant type. The highest percentages of regeneration were established at 80% for the endosperm-supported mature embryos and 68% for mature embryos. The success of any morphogenesis in vitro culture results from a better optimization of culture conditions (mineral and hormonal composition of the medium, explant type, and callus age).
{"title":"Efficient callogenesis and plant regeneration in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties","authors":"Mouhssine Fatine","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.273-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.273-284","url":null,"abstract":"Five bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated in vitro by culturing explants of scrapped mature embryos (ME) and endosperm-supported mature embryos (MES) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 2, 3, and 4 mg/l of Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) for callogenesis and proliferation. The regeneration was initiated first, on MS hormone-free and then continued on MS complemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BAP). 2 mg.L-1 2,4-D was found to be optimum for callus induction and embryogenic callus production. As for plant regeneration, all five varieties have been able to form shoots and roots. However, this parameter was strongly controlled by variety and explant type. The highest percentages of regeneration were established at 80% for the endosperm-supported mature embryos and 68% for mature embryos. The success of any morphogenesis in vitro culture results from a better optimization of culture conditions (mineral and hormonal composition of the medium, explant type, and callus age).","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.285-293
Oleh Pundiak
The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of some mosses to grow under a “canopy” of larger life-forms of the other moss species, because at the moment this subject is poorly studied. On the northern slope of the Stradch Mountain (Yavoriv District, Lviv Region, Ukraine) in a 100-year old Pinus sylvestris planting it was identified two moss species, gametophytes of which grew under a moss “canopy”: rare and the near threatened Buxbaumia viridis, which is in the Ukrainian and European Red-list books and a common species of Ukrainian bryoflora Plagiomnium rostratum. On the investigated site B. viridis grew exclusively on the ground adjacent to tree roots, with its gametophytes under the canopy of moss Dicranella heteromalla. P. rostratum occured freely on the ground or hidden under the “canopy” of wefts of Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum or tufts of Polytrichastrum longisetum. Without moss “canopy” P. rostratum occurred only on quite shaded ground. On well-illuminated sites P. rostratum occurred exclusively being fully hidden. This study brings new information about the ecology of B. viridis and P. rostratum: the ability of their gametophytes to grow on the ground under a “canopy” of other moss species.
{"title":"Bryophytes under a moss “canopy” on the Stradch Mountain (Ukraine)","authors":"Oleh Pundiak","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.285-293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.285-293","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of some mosses to grow under a “canopy” of larger life-forms of the other moss species, because at the moment this subject is poorly studied. On the northern slope of the Stradch Mountain (Yavoriv District, Lviv Region, Ukraine) in a 100-year old Pinus sylvestris planting it was identified two moss species, gametophytes of which grew under a moss “canopy”: rare and the near threatened Buxbaumia viridis, which is in the Ukrainian and European Red-list books and a common species of Ukrainian bryoflora Plagiomnium rostratum. On the investigated site B. viridis grew exclusively on the ground adjacent to tree roots, with its gametophytes under the canopy of moss Dicranella heteromalla. P. rostratum occured freely on the ground or hidden under the “canopy” of wefts of Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum or tufts of Polytrichastrum longisetum. Without moss “canopy” P. rostratum occurred only on quite shaded ground. On well-illuminated sites P. rostratum occurred exclusively being fully hidden. This study brings new information about the ecology of B. viridis and P. rostratum: the ability of their gametophytes to grow on the ground under a “canopy” of other moss species.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.243-255
Henrieta Arpášová
Keel bone damage (KBD) is a multifactorial problem. This problem applies to all types of housing systems, caged as well as cage-free systems, including free-range and organic. The common causes are in particular collisions with the elements of the environment, such as perches, as well as collisions between hens. Extremely high frequency and severity of damage adversely affects not only welfare of laying hens also their production and egg quality too. This article provides an overview of current knowledge about the occurrence of KBD, the causes of its occurrence and consequences for the quality of life of laying hens in intensive large-scale production conditions. In the introductory part, we describe what keel bone is, the high incidence and prevalence of the problem, which implies the importance of long-term dealing with this issue at the global level. In the next part, we deal with the factors that can cause the occurrence of KBD, the relationship between the occurrence of KBD and bone quality, nutrition with an emphasis on calcium, the relationship between KBD and welfare, individual housing systems, age, genotypes of hens, feathering, efficiency and quality of production of laying hens and in the final part section we present detection methods. As already mentioned, the occurrence of KBD is influenced by a number of factors, but due to the differences in the prevalence of this problem in different countries, further comprehensive research is needed. The deviations and fractures of the keel bone can have a negative impact on the welfare of laying hens, which will subsequently be reflected in the possible painfulness of feed intake, laying, product quality, which ultimately will always affect economic efficiency. The goal of long-term research should to try to reduce the incidence of these conditions, or their prevention. It is important to deal with genetic selection, nutrition, a very important area, as far as KBD is concerned, are the conditions of the breeding environment, especially the housing system and the elements that make up the equipment of the rearing and breeding area, as well as the standardization of the methods used to detect damage to the keel bone. Palpation, post-mortem palpation, multiple sensing technologies are used. Researcher training can significantly improve both the accuracy and reliability of assessment of sternal fractures and deviations. If the results of keel bone prevalence will be compared or combined between individual studies, all methods used to detect keel bone damage should be accurate, i.e. sufficient methodological details should be given for each study and the method of determining prevalence should be standardized.
{"title":"Occurrence, causes and consequences of keel bone damage of laying hens","authors":"Henrieta Arpášová","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.243-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.243-255","url":null,"abstract":"Keel bone damage (KBD) is a multifactorial problem. This problem applies to all types of housing systems, caged as well as cage-free systems, including free-range and organic. The common causes are in particular collisions with the elements of the environment, such as perches, as well as collisions between hens. Extremely high frequency and severity of damage adversely affects not only welfare of laying hens also their production and egg quality too. This article provides an overview of current knowledge about the occurrence of KBD, the causes of its occurrence and consequences for the quality of life of laying hens in intensive large-scale production conditions. In the introductory part, we describe what keel bone is, the high incidence and prevalence of the problem, which implies the importance of long-term dealing with this issue at the global level. In the next part, we deal with the factors that can cause the occurrence of KBD, the relationship between the occurrence of KBD and bone quality, nutrition with an emphasis on calcium, the relationship between KBD and welfare, individual housing systems, age, genotypes of hens, feathering, efficiency and quality of production of laying hens and in the final part section we present detection methods. As already mentioned, the occurrence of KBD is influenced by a number of factors, but due to the differences in the prevalence of this problem in different countries, further comprehensive research is needed. The deviations and fractures of the keel bone can have a negative impact on the welfare of laying hens, which will subsequently be reflected in the possible painfulness of feed intake, laying, product quality, which ultimately will always affect economic efficiency. The goal of long-term research should to try to reduce the incidence of these conditions, or their prevention. It is important to deal with genetic selection, nutrition, a very important area, as far as KBD is concerned, are the conditions of the breeding environment, especially the housing system and the elements that make up the equipment of the rearing and breeding area, as well as the standardization of the methods used to detect damage to the keel bone. Palpation, post-mortem palpation, multiple sensing technologies are used. Researcher training can significantly improve both the accuracy and reliability of assessment of sternal fractures and deviations. If the results of keel bone prevalence will be compared or combined between individual studies, all methods used to detect keel bone damage should be accurate, i.e. sufficient methodological details should be given for each study and the method of determining prevalence should be standardized.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.294-304
Nesma Helmy
Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered the best way to manage plant viruses. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare curcumin (Cur) and curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) as protective materials against the Potato virus YNTN (PVYNTN). Besides, changes in gene expression and defensive enzymes in the potato plants treated and untreated were determined. The average CurNPs size at optimum conditions was about 45 nm and the zeta potential was negative (-18.1) determined by Zeta seizer. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed a smooth, spherical shape, and an almost homogenous nanoparticle structure. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of CurNPs was recorded. In the FTIR spectrum of CurNPs, peaks were observed at 1631, 1464, 1157, and 1073 cm-1. The potato plants treated with 10 mg/ml CurNPs+V recorded the highest significant reduction in percentage of disease severity (98%). Besides, treatment with CurNPs increased the rates of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the potatoes. On the other hand, SDS-PAGE showed clear variations in the content of the protein among potato plants treated with CurNPs or Cur and inoculated with PVYNTN, compared with the control. In addition, the plants sprayed with CurNPs or Cur pre-inoculation virus induced an increase or decrease in peroxidase (POX) activities. However, there were no substantial differences in activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes were recorded. Therefore, CurNPs could be used in potato breeding programs to control PVY.
{"title":"Enhance potato resistance to Potato virus YNTN using curcumin nanoparticles Inhibitory Effects of Curcumin nanoparticles on Potato Plants Infected by Potato Virus Y","authors":"Nesma Helmy","doi":"10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.294-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2023.26.03.294-304","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered the best way to manage plant viruses. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare curcumin (Cur) and curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) as protective materials against the Potato virus YNTN (PVYNTN). Besides, changes in gene expression and defensive enzymes in the potato plants treated and untreated were determined. The average CurNPs size at optimum conditions was about 45 nm and the zeta potential was negative (-18.1) determined by Zeta seizer. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed a smooth, spherical shape, and an almost homogenous nanoparticle structure. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of CurNPs was recorded. In the FTIR spectrum of CurNPs, peaks were observed at 1631, 1464, 1157, and 1073 cm-1. The potato plants treated with 10 mg/ml CurNPs+V recorded the highest significant reduction in percentage of disease severity (98%). Besides, treatment with CurNPs increased the rates of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the potatoes. On the other hand, SDS-PAGE showed clear variations in the content of the protein among potato plants treated with CurNPs or Cur and inoculated with PVYNTN, compared with the control. In addition, the plants sprayed with CurNPs or Cur pre-inoculation virus induced an increase or decrease in peroxidase (POX) activities. However, there were no substantial differences in activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes were recorded. Therefore, CurNPs could be used in potato breeding programs to control PVY.","PeriodicalId":7312,"journal":{"name":"Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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