Yoko Futani, M. Hamano, Riku Matsumoto, Saya Hashimoto, Rikuto Nishimura, Mika Ueda, Narumi Arihara, H. Fujii, M. Ono, E. Miyoshi, S. Saito, Y. Kamada
Elastography is currently used clinically to diagnose the degree of liver stiffness. We sought to develop a shear-wave elastography (SWE) measurement method using ultrasound in mice and to compare its results with those of other noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis. We divided male mice into three groups (normal (G1), liver fibrosis (G2), and fatty liver (G3)). We measured mouse liver SWE values and compared them with T1rho and T2 values from magnetic resonance imaging results. We also compared the SWE values with the expression levels of a serum liver fibrosis biomarker (Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP)) and hepatic genes. SWE values significantly increased over time in G2 but did not change in G3. T1rho values in G2 and G3 were significantly increased compared with those in G1. T2 values in G2 did not increase compared with those in group 1. T2 values in G3 significantly increased compared with those in groups 1 and 2. In G2, SWE values significantly and positively correlated with T1rho values. SWE values significantly correlated with serum M2BP levels in G2 but did not correlate with inflammatory gene expression. We could measure SWE values to assess the degree of liver fibrosis in mouse models of liver disease.
{"title":"Shear-Wave Elastography Using Commercially Available Ultrasound in a Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Disease","authors":"Yoko Futani, M. Hamano, Riku Matsumoto, Saya Hashimoto, Rikuto Nishimura, Mika Ueda, Narumi Arihara, H. Fujii, M. Ono, E. Miyoshi, S. Saito, Y. Kamada","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4030015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4030015","url":null,"abstract":"Elastography is currently used clinically to diagnose the degree of liver stiffness. We sought to develop a shear-wave elastography (SWE) measurement method using ultrasound in mice and to compare its results with those of other noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis. We divided male mice into three groups (normal (G1), liver fibrosis (G2), and fatty liver (G3)). We measured mouse liver SWE values and compared them with T1rho and T2 values from magnetic resonance imaging results. We also compared the SWE values with the expression levels of a serum liver fibrosis biomarker (Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP)) and hepatic genes. SWE values significantly increased over time in G2 but did not change in G3. T1rho values in G2 and G3 were significantly increased compared with those in G1. T2 values in G2 did not increase compared with those in group 1. T2 values in G3 significantly increased compared with those in groups 1 and 2. In G2, SWE values significantly and positively correlated with T1rho values. SWE values significantly correlated with serum M2BP levels in G2 but did not correlate with inflammatory gene expression. We could measure SWE values to assess the degree of liver fibrosis in mouse models of liver disease.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48509452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Boix, V. Sapena, E. Samper, Á. Díaz‐González, N. Llarch, G. Iserte, L. D. da Fonseca, M. Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli, A. Forner, J. Bruix, M. Reig
Gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs) are common in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib. Diarrhea is a prevalent event responsible for treatment interruptions and dosage modifications. Our study evaluates the role of baseline blood L-glutamine (L-Gln) levels in the prediction of gastrointestinal adverse events development early during treatment (eGIAE). Blood L-Gln was measured in 135 patients with advanced HCC prior to starting sorafenib. Any adverse events developed during therapy were registered in a prospective database. We used Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests to compare quantitative or categorical variables, respectively, Kaplan–Meier method to analyze time to event variables, log-rank test for the survival functions and Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Fifteen per cent of patients developed eGIAE, with diarrhea as the most frequent one. Patients displaying the lowest L-Gln levels presented a significant higher risk of eGIAE, while those with the highest levels were protected from eGIAE and achieved better survival. Our study shows for the first time the association of baseline blood L-Gln levels with eGIAE development in HCC patients during sorafenib treatment. Low L-Gln concentrations might reflect a potentially compromised intestinal barrier that becomes clinically relevant early after treatment start.
{"title":"Low Baseline Plasma L-Glutamine Concentration Identifies Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at High Risk of Developing Early Gastrointestinal Adverse Events during Sorafenib Treatment","authors":"L. Boix, V. Sapena, E. Samper, Á. Díaz‐González, N. Llarch, G. Iserte, L. D. da Fonseca, M. Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli, A. Forner, J. Bruix, M. Reig","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4030014","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs) are common in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib. Diarrhea is a prevalent event responsible for treatment interruptions and dosage modifications. Our study evaluates the role of baseline blood L-glutamine (L-Gln) levels in the prediction of gastrointestinal adverse events development early during treatment (eGIAE). Blood L-Gln was measured in 135 patients with advanced HCC prior to starting sorafenib. Any adverse events developed during therapy were registered in a prospective database. We used Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests to compare quantitative or categorical variables, respectively, Kaplan–Meier method to analyze time to event variables, log-rank test for the survival functions and Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Fifteen per cent of patients developed eGIAE, with diarrhea as the most frequent one. Patients displaying the lowest L-Gln levels presented a significant higher risk of eGIAE, while those with the highest levels were protected from eGIAE and achieved better survival. Our study shows for the first time the association of baseline blood L-Gln levels with eGIAE development in HCC patients during sorafenib treatment. Low L-Gln concentrations might reflect a potentially compromised intestinal barrier that becomes clinically relevant early after treatment start.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42909006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Flemish colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program (by fecal immunochemical test, FIT) was suspended and non-urgent medical procedures were discommended. This study estimates how this impacted diagnostic colonoscopy (DC) scheduling after a positive FIT and the interval between both in 2020. Methods: An online survey was sent to participants in the Flemish CRC screening program with a positive FIT but without a DC to explore the possible impact of COVID-19 on the scheduling of a DC. Self-reported survey results were complemented with objective data on DC compliance and the interval between FIT and DC. Results: In 2020, DC compliance was 4–5% lower than expected (for 3780 positive FITs no DC was performed). In February–March 2020, the median time between a positive FIT and DC significantly increased. Survey participants reported fear of COVID-19 contamination, perception to create hospital overload, delay in non-urgent medical procedures (on government advice) and not being sure a DC could be performed as contributing reasons. Conclusions: On top of a 3% lower participation, the COVID-19 pandemic further increased existing DC non-compliance and the positive FIT–DC interval. The survey confirmed the crucial role of COVID-19 in the decision not to plan a DC.
{"title":"Self-Reported and Objective Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Planning, Compliance and Timeliness of a Diagnostic Colonoscopy after a Positive FIT Screening Result in the Flemish Colorectal Cancer Screening Program","authors":"S. Hoeck, S. Janssens, G. Van Hal, K. Van Herck","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4030013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4030013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Flemish colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program (by fecal immunochemical test, FIT) was suspended and non-urgent medical procedures were discommended. This study estimates how this impacted diagnostic colonoscopy (DC) scheduling after a positive FIT and the interval between both in 2020. Methods: An online survey was sent to participants in the Flemish CRC screening program with a positive FIT but without a DC to explore the possible impact of COVID-19 on the scheduling of a DC. Self-reported survey results were complemented with objective data on DC compliance and the interval between FIT and DC. Results: In 2020, DC compliance was 4–5% lower than expected (for 3780 positive FITs no DC was performed). In February–March 2020, the median time between a positive FIT and DC significantly increased. Survey participants reported fear of COVID-19 contamination, perception to create hospital overload, delay in non-urgent medical procedures (on government advice) and not being sure a DC could be performed as contributing reasons. Conclusions: On top of a 3% lower participation, the COVID-19 pandemic further increased existing DC non-compliance and the positive FIT–DC interval. The survey confirmed the crucial role of COVID-19 in the decision not to plan a DC.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to provide a direction for translational research based on an analysis of the nature of complex, immune-related conditions such as obesity and coeliac disease. In essence, it seems that the prevalence of these non-communicable diseases is related to the degradation of the microbiome during the industrialisation of society, and that their nature can be used to infer the functions of the “pre-industrial” microbiome. Based on this analysis, the key point is the necessity for the fully functioning microbiome, acting alongside the parental genetic inheritance of the child, to be in place immediately after birth. In our view, this is achieved by the seemingly accidental process of maternal microbial inheritance during normal birth. Note, however, that this is not possible if the microbiome of the mother is itself degraded following previous problems. Under these conditions the health of a child may be affected from the moment of birth, although, with the exception of atopic diseases, such as eczema and food allergy, the consequences may not become apparent until late childhood or as an adult. In this way, this microbiome function deficiency hypothesis incorporates the epidemiological observations of David Strachan and David Barker in that their onset can be traced to early childhood. Coeliac disease has been chosen as an illustrative example of a multifactorial disorder due to the fact that, in addition to a series of immune system manifestations and a potential problem with food absorption, there is also a significant psychological component. Finally, it is worth noting that an ingestible sensor calibrated to the detection of interkingdom communication molecules (semiochemicals) within the intestine may offer a practical way of assessment and, perhaps, amelioration of at least some of the consequences of non-communicable disease.
{"title":"Microbiome–Gut Dissociation in the Neonate: Obesity and Coeliac Disease as Examples of Microbiome Function Deficiency Disorder","authors":"David Smith, Miryam Palacios-Pérez, S. Jheeta","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4030012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4030012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to provide a direction for translational research based on an analysis of the nature of complex, immune-related conditions such as obesity and coeliac disease. In essence, it seems that the prevalence of these non-communicable diseases is related to the degradation of the microbiome during the industrialisation of society, and that their nature can be used to infer the functions of the “pre-industrial” microbiome. Based on this analysis, the key point is the necessity for the fully functioning microbiome, acting alongside the parental genetic inheritance of the child, to be in place immediately after birth. In our view, this is achieved by the seemingly accidental process of maternal microbial inheritance during normal birth. Note, however, that this is not possible if the microbiome of the mother is itself degraded following previous problems. Under these conditions the health of a child may be affected from the moment of birth, although, with the exception of atopic diseases, such as eczema and food allergy, the consequences may not become apparent until late childhood or as an adult. In this way, this microbiome function deficiency hypothesis incorporates the epidemiological observations of David Strachan and David Barker in that their onset can be traced to early childhood. Coeliac disease has been chosen as an illustrative example of a multifactorial disorder due to the fact that, in addition to a series of immune system manifestations and a potential problem with food absorption, there is also a significant psychological component. Finally, it is worth noting that an ingestible sensor calibrated to the detection of interkingdom communication molecules (semiochemicals) within the intestine may offer a practical way of assessment and, perhaps, amelioration of at least some of the consequences of non-communicable disease.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46683649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colorectal cancer screening can contribute to reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Findings on disparities in the utilization of colorectal cancer screening between migrants and non-migrants have been inconsistent, with some studies reporting lower, and some higher utilization among migrants. The aim of the present study was to examine potential disparities in fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy among migrants in Germany. Data from a population survey on 11,757 men and women aged ≥50 years is used. Using multivariable logistic regression, the utilization of fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy was compared between non-migrants, migrants from EU countries and migrants from non-EU countries, adjusting for socio-economic factors and also taking into account intersectional differences by sex and age. The study shows that migrants from the EU (adjusted OR = 0.73; 95%-CI: 0.57, 0.94) and from non-EU countries (adjusted OR = 0.39; 95%-CI: 0.31, 0.50) were less likely to utilize fecal occult blood testing than non-migrants. No disparities for the use of colonoscopy were observed. The findings are in line with studies from other countries and can be indicative of different barriers migrants encounter in the health system. Adequate strategies taking into account the diversity of migrants are needed to support informed decision-making among this population group.
{"title":"Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening among Migrants and Non-Migrants in Germany: Results of a Population Survey","authors":"Diana Wahidie, Y. Yılmaz-Aslan, P. Brzoska","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4030011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4030011","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer screening can contribute to reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Findings on disparities in the utilization of colorectal cancer screening between migrants and non-migrants have been inconsistent, with some studies reporting lower, and some higher utilization among migrants. The aim of the present study was to examine potential disparities in fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy among migrants in Germany. Data from a population survey on 11,757 men and women aged ≥50 years is used. Using multivariable logistic regression, the utilization of fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy was compared between non-migrants, migrants from EU countries and migrants from non-EU countries, adjusting for socio-economic factors and also taking into account intersectional differences by sex and age. The study shows that migrants from the EU (adjusted OR = 0.73; 95%-CI: 0.57, 0.94) and from non-EU countries (adjusted OR = 0.39; 95%-CI: 0.31, 0.50) were less likely to utilize fecal occult blood testing than non-migrants. No disparities for the use of colonoscopy were observed. The findings are in line with studies from other countries and can be indicative of different barriers migrants encounter in the health system. Adequate strategies taking into account the diversity of migrants are needed to support informed decision-making among this population group.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ferrari, T. Tran, S. Hoeck, M. Peeters, M. Goossens, G. Van Hal
Despite the recognized benefits of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and mammography screenings, participation in breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs is still suboptimal. This study investigates municipal characteristics associated with their BC/CRC screening uptake profiles among women aged 55–69 years. Using data from 308 municipalities of Flanders from 2014 to 2017, a profile for each municipality based on its BC/CRC screening uptake compared with the median screening uptake was created. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess the associations between municipal characteristics and BC/CRC screening uptake profiles. The overall median uptake of cancer screening was higher for CRC (57.4%) than for BC (54.6%). The following municipal characteristics were associated with worse performance in terms of only CRC, only BC, or both CRC and BC screening uptake, respectively: foreign nationality, self-employment rate, (early) retirement rate, diabetes, disabilities; (early) retirement rate; age group 65–69, foreign nationality, self-employment rate, (early) retirement rate, wage-earners, diabetes. The following municipal characteristics were associated with better performance in terms of only CRC, only BC, or both CRC and BC screening uptake respectively: residential stability, having a partner, having children, jobseeker rate, GP visits, preventive dental visits; having children, GP visits; age group 55–59, residential stability, having a partner, having children, jobseeker rate, higher education, GP visits, preventive dental visits. This study’s results regarding the interrelation between the BC and CRC screening could be used to tailor interventions to improve the participation of the target population in both programs.
{"title":"Differences and Similarities in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake among Municipalities in Flanders, Belgium","authors":"A. Ferrari, T. Tran, S. Hoeck, M. Peeters, M. Goossens, G. Van Hal","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4020010","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the recognized benefits of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and mammography screenings, participation in breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs is still suboptimal. This study investigates municipal characteristics associated with their BC/CRC screening uptake profiles among women aged 55–69 years. Using data from 308 municipalities of Flanders from 2014 to 2017, a profile for each municipality based on its BC/CRC screening uptake compared with the median screening uptake was created. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess the associations between municipal characteristics and BC/CRC screening uptake profiles. The overall median uptake of cancer screening was higher for CRC (57.4%) than for BC (54.6%). The following municipal characteristics were associated with worse performance in terms of only CRC, only BC, or both CRC and BC screening uptake, respectively: foreign nationality, self-employment rate, (early) retirement rate, diabetes, disabilities; (early) retirement rate; age group 65–69, foreign nationality, self-employment rate, (early) retirement rate, wage-earners, diabetes. The following municipal characteristics were associated with better performance in terms of only CRC, only BC, or both CRC and BC screening uptake respectively: residential stability, having a partner, having children, jobseeker rate, GP visits, preventive dental visits; having children, GP visits; age group 55–59, residential stability, having a partner, having children, jobseeker rate, higher education, GP visits, preventive dental visits. This study’s results regarding the interrelation between the BC and CRC screening could be used to tailor interventions to improve the participation of the target population in both programs.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45427394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Bodini, E. Giuliana, Irene Giberti, G. Guarona, F. Benvenuto, E. Ferretti, M. Demarzo, G. Da Rin, G. Icardi, E. Giannini
Background: The antibody response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on biological drugs is still unclear. Aim: To determine the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 (anti-S1-IgG) response rate and antibody levels following a complete COVID-19 vaccination cycle in patients with IBD on biological treatment. Methods: We assessed antibody response to COVID-19 in consecutive patients with IBD on biological drugs and without prior exposure to COVID-19. Sera were prospectively collected at baseline and at 21 days (T1), 42 days (T2), and 3 months (T3) after the first vaccine dose. Results: Among the 42 patients included in the study, the overall response rate at T3 was 97.6%, with no difference across the various biological drugs. After the first dose (T1), the response rate was higher in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) compared to patients treated with other biologics (p = 0.031). Among the responders, the anti-S1 levels were not significantly different among the various biological drugs at all study timepoints. Concomitant corticosteroids and disease activity had no impact on the response rate at all study timepoints. No unexpected side events were observed. Discussion: The antibody response to vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with IBD on biological drugs is optimal, independently of their mechanism of action. Patients treated with anti-TNF seem to have an earlier response to vaccination, while concomitant low-dose corticosteroids and disease activity does not seem to impact response. This information can be used to program vaccination and inform patients.
{"title":"Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Biological Treatment","authors":"G. Bodini, E. Giuliana, Irene Giberti, G. Guarona, F. Benvenuto, E. Ferretti, M. Demarzo, G. Da Rin, G. Icardi, E. Giannini","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4020009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The antibody response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on biological drugs is still unclear. Aim: To determine the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 (anti-S1-IgG) response rate and antibody levels following a complete COVID-19 vaccination cycle in patients with IBD on biological treatment. Methods: We assessed antibody response to COVID-19 in consecutive patients with IBD on biological drugs and without prior exposure to COVID-19. Sera were prospectively collected at baseline and at 21 days (T1), 42 days (T2), and 3 months (T3) after the first vaccine dose. Results: Among the 42 patients included in the study, the overall response rate at T3 was 97.6%, with no difference across the various biological drugs. After the first dose (T1), the response rate was higher in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) compared to patients treated with other biologics (p = 0.031). Among the responders, the anti-S1 levels were not significantly different among the various biological drugs at all study timepoints. Concomitant corticosteroids and disease activity had no impact on the response rate at all study timepoints. No unexpected side events were observed. Discussion: The antibody response to vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with IBD on biological drugs is optimal, independently of their mechanism of action. Patients treated with anti-TNF seem to have an earlier response to vaccination, while concomitant low-dose corticosteroids and disease activity does not seem to impact response. This information can be used to program vaccination and inform patients.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44878953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Michire, R. Anghel, P. Draghia, Mihnea Gabriel Burlacu, T. Georgescu, D. Georgescu, Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu, I. A. Vacaroiu, M. Barbu, Alexandra Gaube
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and represents a major global health burden. While genetics are implicated in a portion of CRC patients, most cases are sporadic. A new possibility of tumor initiation and promotion might be microbiome composition. It was recently shown that bacteria from the gut microbiome might be used as biomarkers for CRC detection, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreoptococcus stomatis, Parvimonas mica, Solobacterium moorei, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Conversely, the healthy gut microbiome is mostly colonized by Bacterioides (Bacterioides fragilis, vulgatus, uniformis), Firmicutes (Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus faecis, Enterococcus faecium), and Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum). Some strains of gut bacteria favor tumor promotion through DNA and RNA damage (directly or through interaction with other known food carcinogens) and through local immune inhibition. It is possible that bacteria (e.g., Bacillus polyfermenticus, Alistipes shahii, Lactobacillus casei) exist with protective functions against tumor promotion. Despite current advances in colorectal cancer treatment, especially in the medical oncology and radiotherapy domains, surgery remains the mainstay of curative treatment for colorectal cancer patients, even in the oligometastatic setting. Surgical complications like anastomotic leakage, excessive blood loss, abscess, and abdominal sepsis can reduce 1-year and 5-year overall survival and increase the recurrence rates for these patients; therefore, we reviewed currently published data focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota and postoperative complications for colorectal cancer patients.
{"title":"The Microbiota and the Relationship with Colorectal Cancer: Surgical Complications—A Review","authors":"A. Michire, R. Anghel, P. Draghia, Mihnea Gabriel Burlacu, T. Georgescu, D. Georgescu, Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu, I. A. Vacaroiu, M. Barbu, Alexandra Gaube","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4020008","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and represents a major global health burden. While genetics are implicated in a portion of CRC patients, most cases are sporadic. A new possibility of tumor initiation and promotion might be microbiome composition. It was recently shown that bacteria from the gut microbiome might be used as biomarkers for CRC detection, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreoptococcus stomatis, Parvimonas mica, Solobacterium moorei, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Conversely, the healthy gut microbiome is mostly colonized by Bacterioides (Bacterioides fragilis, vulgatus, uniformis), Firmicutes (Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus faecis, Enterococcus faecium), and Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum). Some strains of gut bacteria favor tumor promotion through DNA and RNA damage (directly or through interaction with other known food carcinogens) and through local immune inhibition. It is possible that bacteria (e.g., Bacillus polyfermenticus, Alistipes shahii, Lactobacillus casei) exist with protective functions against tumor promotion. Despite current advances in colorectal cancer treatment, especially in the medical oncology and radiotherapy domains, surgery remains the mainstay of curative treatment for colorectal cancer patients, even in the oligometastatic setting. Surgical complications like anastomotic leakage, excessive blood loss, abscess, and abdominal sepsis can reduce 1-year and 5-year overall survival and increase the recurrence rates for these patients; therefore, we reviewed currently published data focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota and postoperative complications for colorectal cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46450736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idiopathic achalasia is a motility disorder affecting the lower esophageal sphincter. Dysphagia is a hallmark symptom, but patients may exhibit other symptoms. The aim of this review is to compare achalasia symptoms globally. PubMed and Google Scholar were filtered from 1952–2021 with the search terms achalasia, epidemiology, diet, countries, and genetics. A total of 14 articles addressed demographics, symptom profiles, genetics, and diagnosis criteria amongst 2463 patients. Data on countries’ climate and diet were obtained through Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) and Our World in Data. Countries were grouped by similar climate zones and diets. Achalasia symptoms varied by region. In West Africa, patients exhibit parotid swelling, anemia, and dehydration; diminished appetite in East Asia; dysphagia and weight loss in West Asia and Europe; respiratory symptoms, reflux, and retrosternal pain in North America; and vomiting in Southern Asia. Weighted percentages of dietary oils/fats were (24.3%) in North America, Western Asia (17.8%); Europe (17.7%); East Asia (17.6%); West Africa (14.7%); Southern Asia (13.8%); North Africa (12.4%); Northeast Africa (10.1%). Conditions such as Down Syndrome and Triple A syndrome are associated with achalasia. There was no correlation for achalasia presentation and climate zones. Achalasia symptoms are likely multifactorial. Diet, genetics, and environmental factors may play significant roles.
特发性贲门失弛缓症是一种影响食管下括约肌的运动障碍。吞咽困难是一个标志性症状，但患者也可能表现出其他症状。本综述的目的是比较全球贲门失弛缓症的症状。PubMed和谷歌Scholar从1952-2021年筛选了搜索词失弛缓症，流行病学，饮食，国家和遗传学。共有14篇文章涉及2463例患者的人口统计学、症状概况、遗传学和诊断标准。有关各国气候和饮食的数据是通过Arc地理信息系统(GIS)和Our World in Data获得的。各国按相似的气候带和饮食习惯分组。失弛缓症的症状因地区而异。在西非，患者表现为腮腺肿胀、贫血和脱水;东亚食欲下降;西亚和欧洲的吞咽困难和体重下降;北美的呼吸道症状、反流和胸骨后疼痛;在南亚呕吐。北美(24.3%)、西亚(17.8%)的膳食油/脂肪加权百分比;欧洲(17.7%);东亚(17.6%);西非(14.7%);南亚(13.8%);北非(12.4%);东北非洲(10.1%)。唐氏综合症和aaa综合征等疾病与失弛缓症有关。失弛缓症的表现与气候带没有相关性。失弛缓症的症状可能是多因素的。饮食、遗传和环境因素可能起着重要作用。
{"title":"Different Clinical Features of Idiopathic Achalasia in Various Countries","authors":"Amy W. Y. Yeung, I. Benmerzouga","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4020007","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic achalasia is a motility disorder affecting the lower esophageal sphincter. Dysphagia is a hallmark symptom, but patients may exhibit other symptoms. The aim of this review is to compare achalasia symptoms globally. PubMed and Google Scholar were filtered from 1952–2021 with the search terms achalasia, epidemiology, diet, countries, and genetics. A total of 14 articles addressed demographics, symptom profiles, genetics, and diagnosis criteria amongst 2463 patients. Data on countries’ climate and diet were obtained through Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) and Our World in Data. Countries were grouped by similar climate zones and diets. Achalasia symptoms varied by region. In West Africa, patients exhibit parotid swelling, anemia, and dehydration; diminished appetite in East Asia; dysphagia and weight loss in West Asia and Europe; respiratory symptoms, reflux, and retrosternal pain in North America; and vomiting in Southern Asia. Weighted percentages of dietary oils/fats were (24.3%) in North America, Western Asia (17.8%); Europe (17.7%); East Asia (17.6%); West Africa (14.7%); Southern Asia (13.8%); North Africa (12.4%); Northeast Africa (10.1%). Conditions such as Down Syndrome and Triple A syndrome are associated with achalasia. There was no correlation for achalasia presentation and climate zones. Achalasia symptoms are likely multifactorial. Diet, genetics, and environmental factors may play significant roles.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42397574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zand, S. Shi, Dominick Nguyen, Brian J. Kim, E. Esrailian, D. Hommes
The management of IBD is highly complex, given the heterogeneity of treatment plans for an equally diverse patient population. Given the intricacy of treatment, improved health literacy may be associated with better outcomes. Methods: Patients were assessed before and after their endoscopy and for their knowledge of their disease status, their correct recall of the endoscopy results, their provider–patient communication, and communication preferences. Results: A total of 37 patients completed both surveys and were included in the final analysis. The median age was 45 years. The median number of years diagnosed with IBD was 13. Most patients correctly recalled the results of their surveillance endoscopy after their procedure (84%). Many patients (65%) felt they were equally involved in the decision making process in regard to their surveillance endoscopies. Most patients (92%) reported having results clearly explained to them. Most patients (76%) preferred receiving an email or patient message with results, and 69% of patients reported receiving results in the way they preferred. Conclusions: Most of the patients with IBD who were surveyed had adequate knowledge of their disease process and could accurately recall the results of their endoscopy. However, the delivery of health information can be optimized, as nearly one-third of our patients did not receive their endoscopy results in their preferred method.
{"title":"Recall of Care Objectives by Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","authors":"A. Zand, S. Shi, Dominick Nguyen, Brian J. Kim, E. Esrailian, D. Hommes","doi":"10.3390/gidisord4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord4010006","url":null,"abstract":"The management of IBD is highly complex, given the heterogeneity of treatment plans for an equally diverse patient population. Given the intricacy of treatment, improved health literacy may be associated with better outcomes. Methods: Patients were assessed before and after their endoscopy and for their knowledge of their disease status, their correct recall of the endoscopy results, their provider–patient communication, and communication preferences. Results: A total of 37 patients completed both surveys and were included in the final analysis. The median age was 45 years. The median number of years diagnosed with IBD was 13. Most patients correctly recalled the results of their surveillance endoscopy after their procedure (84%). Many patients (65%) felt they were equally involved in the decision making process in regard to their surveillance endoscopies. Most patients (92%) reported having results clearly explained to them. Most patients (76%) preferred receiving an email or patient message with results, and 69% of patients reported receiving results in the way they preferred. Conclusions: Most of the patients with IBD who were surveyed had adequate knowledge of their disease process and could accurately recall the results of their endoscopy. However, the delivery of health information can be optimized, as nearly one-third of our patients did not receive their endoscopy results in their preferred method.","PeriodicalId":73131,"journal":{"name":"Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43684538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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