Pulmonary contusion (PC), a condition that occurs frequently in severe thoracic injuries, is a significant contributor to mortality in those under the age of 40. Hesperetin, a natural flavonoid derivative of hesperidin, is a substance found in various citrus fruits such as oranges and grapefruits and possesses a variety of biological activities, including antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. In the current study, we investigated the effect of hesperetin on pulmonary tissue structure, expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediators in a PC model induced by blunt chest trauma. In this study, 18 adult male Wistar albino rats (8 – 10 weeks, 250 – 300 g) were used. The rats were divided into three groups: control, PC, and PC + hesperetin. Hesperetin administration (100 mg/kg/day oral) was completed for 7 days following induction of the model. The wet/dry weight ratio of pulmonary tissue was determined. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissues, serum interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pulmonary tissue specimens were examined histologically using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was determined using immunohistochemical methods. Hesperetin administration reduced TNFα and iNOS activity, serum IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, and wet/dry weight ratio in pulmonary tissue to improve pulmonary function. Our results showed that administration of hesperetin prevents activation of local inflammatory mediators, thereby obstructing the proinflammatory cytokine cascade and tissue injury.
{"title":"Hesperetin alleviates pulmonary injury in a blunt chest trauma-induced pulmonary contusion model in rats","authors":"Serkan Kaya, İ. Karaboğa, Yasin Duran, Elif Polat","doi":"10.36922/gtm.2568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2568","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary contusion (PC), a condition that occurs frequently in severe thoracic injuries, is a significant contributor to mortality in those under the age of 40. Hesperetin, a natural flavonoid derivative of hesperidin, is a substance found in various citrus fruits such as oranges and grapefruits and possesses a variety of biological activities, including antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. In the current study, we investigated the effect of hesperetin on pulmonary tissue structure, expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediators in a PC model induced by blunt chest trauma. In this study, 18 adult male Wistar albino rats (8 – 10 weeks, 250 – 300 g) were used. The rats were divided into three groups: control, PC, and PC + hesperetin. Hesperetin administration (100 mg/kg/day oral) was completed for 7 days following induction of the model. The wet/dry weight ratio of pulmonary tissue was determined. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissues, serum interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pulmonary tissue specimens were examined histologically using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was determined using immunohistochemical methods. Hesperetin administration reduced TNFα and iNOS activity, serum IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, and wet/dry weight ratio in pulmonary tissue to improve pulmonary function. Our results showed that administration of hesperetin prevents activation of local inflammatory mediators, thereby obstructing the proinflammatory cytokine cascade and tissue injury.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Omicron or no longer omicron: That is the question","authors":"Giuseppe Lippi","doi":"10.36922/gtm.3678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.3678","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p/>","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":" 855","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Meister, Muhammad H.A. Saleh, Hussein S Basma, Fatemah Samavatijame, Hom-Lay Wang
The free gingival graft (FGG) remains a gold standard for treating mucogingival defects and increasing the width of keratinized tissue. However, patients receiving FGG surgery report substantial post-operative discomfort, bleeding, and swelling, more so than those receiving connective tissue grafts, for example, and some of these post-operative sequelae can be difficult to manage. Various techniques are utilized in achieving hemostasis, but no current techniques effectively reduce the pain and discomfort to the patient. Ten FGGs were harvested from the palates of 10 patients to treat mucogingival deficiencies elsewhere in each patient. Immediately (<1 min) after harvesting the FGG, a gelatin sponge soaked in recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) was placed into the wound site and sutured in place with absorbable sutures. Patients were followed up on days 3, 7, and 14 for assessing pain levels utilizing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), which incorporate the visual analog scale and the quantification of analgesics consumed. Clinically, the rhPDGF-BB/gelatin sponge-treated FGG palatal donor sites began to heal by day 3 of follow-up, and the healing was completed during the visit on day 14. No adverse effects, including swelling or bleeding, were observed at any of the post-surgical time points. According to the visual pain score, patients experienced minor discomfort, but no dissatisfaction was reported. Patients whose palatal FGG donor site was treated with a gelatin sponge soaked in rhPDGF-BB reported little or no post-surgery discomfort and low morbidity at the donor site within 2 weeks. These findings are in sharp contrast to the well-known substantial discomfort most patients experience following the harvesting of a palatal FGG. The data suggest that treating FGG palatal donor sites with rhPDGF-BB-soaked gelatin sponge can improve patient experience.
{"title":"Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB-soaked gelatin sponge reduces patient pain in palatal graft donor sites","authors":"David Meister, Muhammad H.A. Saleh, Hussein S Basma, Fatemah Samavatijame, Hom-Lay Wang","doi":"10.36922/gtm.2693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2693","url":null,"abstract":"The free gingival graft (FGG) remains a gold standard for treating mucogingival defects and increasing the width of keratinized tissue. However, patients receiving FGG surgery report substantial post-operative discomfort, bleeding, and swelling, more so than those receiving connective tissue grafts, for example, and some of these post-operative sequelae can be difficult to manage. Various techniques are utilized in achieving hemostasis, but no current techniques effectively reduce the pain and discomfort to the patient. Ten FGGs were harvested from the palates of 10 patients to treat mucogingival deficiencies elsewhere in each patient. Immediately (<1 min) after harvesting the FGG, a gelatin sponge soaked in recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) was placed into the wound site and sutured in place with absorbable sutures. Patients were followed up on days 3, 7, and 14 for assessing pain levels utilizing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), which incorporate the visual analog scale and the quantification of analgesics consumed. Clinically, the rhPDGF-BB/gelatin sponge-treated FGG palatal donor sites began to heal by day 3 of follow-up, and the healing was completed during the visit on day 14. No adverse effects, including swelling or bleeding, were observed at any of the post-surgical time points. According to the visual pain score, patients experienced minor discomfort, but no dissatisfaction was reported. Patients whose palatal FGG donor site was treated with a gelatin sponge soaked in rhPDGF-BB reported little or no post-surgery discomfort and low morbidity at the donor site within 2 weeks. These findings are in sharp contrast to the well-known substantial discomfort most patients experience following the harvesting of a palatal FGG. The data suggest that treating FGG palatal donor sites with rhPDGF-BB-soaked gelatin sponge can improve patient experience.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"116 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tse-Shao Chang, Jing Chen, Richard S. Kwon, Yang Jiang, Eric J. Seibel, D. K. Turgeon, Thomas D. Wang
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precursor condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This case report describes the in vivo use of a fluorescently-labeled peptide heterodimer specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) to identify residual neoplasia in a 52-year-old female patient with BE. This targeted contrast agent was topically administered after an incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection of high-grade dysplasia with carcinoma in situ. A flexible fiber-coupled multi-modal scanning fiber endoscope was used to capture near-infrared fluorescence images. This instrument was passed through the working channel of a standard upper endoscope for use as an accessory. Increased fluorescence intensity was observed from nodular mucosa as a real-time “red flag” to identify the presence of neoplasia. Pathologic tests were conducted on the resected tissues, confirming the presence of stage T1a EAC. The expression EGFR and HER2 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry ex vivo. These findings support integrated imaging as a potential strategy to detect Barrett’s neoplasia.
{"title":"Targeted detection of Barrett’s neoplasia: A case report","authors":"Tse-Shao Chang, Jing Chen, Richard S. Kwon, Yang Jiang, Eric J. Seibel, D. K. Turgeon, Thomas D. Wang","doi":"10.36922/gtm.2223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2223","url":null,"abstract":"Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precursor condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This case report describes the in vivo use of a fluorescently-labeled peptide heterodimer specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) to identify residual neoplasia in a 52-year-old female patient with BE. This targeted contrast agent was topically administered after an incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection of high-grade dysplasia with carcinoma in situ. A flexible fiber-coupled multi-modal scanning fiber endoscope was used to capture near-infrared fluorescence images. This instrument was passed through the working channel of a standard upper endoscope for use as an accessory. Increased fluorescence intensity was observed from nodular mucosa as a real-time “red flag” to identify the presence of neoplasia. Pathologic tests were conducted on the resected tissues, confirming the presence of stage T1a EAC. The expression EGFR and HER2 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry ex vivo. These findings support integrated imaging as a potential strategy to detect Barrett’s neoplasia.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
hanie niktinat, Fardin Yousefshahi, Kaveh Fadakar, Golshan Latifi, Farid Kalantaritarari, Marjan Imani Fooladi, Parichehr Ghahari, Mehrdad Goudarzi, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib
Ocular neuropathic pain refers to persistent post-operative perception of ocular discomfort in the absence of painful stimuli. This study investigates persistent ocular pain following 23-gauge pars plana vitreoretinal surgery. In the present study, patients who underwent either 23-gauge vitrectomy or silicone oil removal, under local or general anesthesia, were included. The symptoms of ocular neuropathic pain were evaluated using the brief pain inventory questionnaire before and 2 months after surgery. In addition, the impact of reported ocular symptoms on quality of life was assessed. We also evaluated the correlation between ocular pain and factors such as patient demographics and underlying systemic conditions. This study includes 75 eyes of 75 patients with an average age of 58.93 ± 12.05 years. Of the included patients, 31 (41.3%) were female. Among the participants, 67 (89.3%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy, and 8 (10.7%) experienced silicone oil removal surgery. Analysis using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, based on data normality, indicated no significant change in eye pain scores 2 months after surgery. However, the percentage of patients using analgesics increased from 4% before surgery to 17.3% 2 months after surgery (P = 0.021). Furthermore, based on a linear regression model, patients who reported increased analgesic usage 2 months after surgery also scored worse on the quality-of-life questionnaire (P < 0.05). We also found that those who reported ocular pain, facial pain, and photophobia before surgery had a higher likelihood of using analgesics after surgery (P = 0.03, 0.003, and 0.001, respectively). In addition, regression analysis revealed that patients with migraine headaches and lower levels of education were more likely to develop eye symptoms postoperatively (P = 0.017 and 0.044, respectively). In conclusion, surgeries involving 23-gauge scleral incisions do not significantly induce ocular neuropathic pain within 2 months after surgery. However, there is an observed increase in the use of analgesics following surgery.
{"title":"Assessment of ocular neuropathic pain following vitreoretinal surgery using 23-gauge sclerotomy","authors":"hanie niktinat, Fardin Yousefshahi, Kaveh Fadakar, Golshan Latifi, Farid Kalantaritarari, Marjan Imani Fooladi, Parichehr Ghahari, Mehrdad Goudarzi, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib","doi":"10.36922/gtm.1770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.1770","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular neuropathic pain refers to persistent post-operative perception of ocular discomfort in the absence of painful stimuli. This study investigates persistent ocular pain following 23-gauge pars plana vitreoretinal surgery. In the present study, patients who underwent either 23-gauge vitrectomy or silicone oil removal, under local or general anesthesia, were included. The symptoms of ocular neuropathic pain were evaluated using the brief pain inventory questionnaire before and 2 months after surgery. In addition, the impact of reported ocular symptoms on quality of life was assessed. We also evaluated the correlation between ocular pain and factors such as patient demographics and underlying systemic conditions. This study includes 75 eyes of 75 patients with an average age of 58.93 ± 12.05 years. Of the included patients, 31 (41.3%) were female. Among the participants, 67 (89.3%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy, and 8 (10.7%) experienced silicone oil removal surgery. Analysis using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, based on data normality, indicated no significant change in eye pain scores 2 months after surgery. However, the percentage of patients using analgesics increased from 4% before surgery to 17.3% 2 months after surgery (P = 0.021). Furthermore, based on a linear regression model, patients who reported increased analgesic usage 2 months after surgery also scored worse on the quality-of-life questionnaire (P < 0.05). We also found that those who reported ocular pain, facial pain, and photophobia before surgery had a higher likelihood of using analgesics after surgery (P = 0.03, 0.003, and 0.001, respectively). In addition, regression analysis revealed that patients with migraine headaches and lower levels of education were more likely to develop eye symptoms postoperatively (P = 0.017 and 0.044, respectively). In conclusion, surgeries involving 23-gauge scleral incisions do not significantly induce ocular neuropathic pain within 2 months after surgery. However, there is an observed increase in the use of analgesics following surgery.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica D. Blum, Y. M. Ejigu, Girma Tefera, James D. Maloney
Surgery is the final frontier in global medicine; yet, access to essential surgical services in low- and middle-income countries remains a significant barrier to equitable care. With a rise in non-communicable diseases and a shortage of skilled surgeons, the need for mentorship becomes crucial to capacity building. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for remote mentorship, leading to the development of innovative solutions such as Rods&Cones®. Herein, we describe one example of remote mentorship conducted across a distance of more than 7,700 miles between King Faisal Hospital in Rwanda and the University of Wisconsin Hospital in the US. This paper aims to demonstrate how advances in remote mentorship technology can overcome existing barriers and aid in expanding the global surgical workforce in thoracic surgery.
{"title":"Pixels to precision: Remote thoracic and pediatric cardiac surgery mentorship with Rods&Cones® Technology in Kigali, Rwanda","authors":"Jessica D. Blum, Y. M. Ejigu, Girma Tefera, James D. Maloney","doi":"10.36922/gtm.2795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2795","url":null,"abstract":"Surgery is the final frontier in global medicine; yet, access to essential surgical services in low- and middle-income countries remains a significant barrier to equitable care. With a rise in non-communicable diseases and a shortage of skilled surgeons, the need for mentorship becomes crucial to capacity building. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for remote mentorship, leading to the development of innovative solutions such as Rods&Cones®. Herein, we describe one example of remote mentorship conducted across a distance of more than 7,700 miles between King Faisal Hospital in Rwanda and the University of Wisconsin Hospital in the US. This paper aims to demonstrate how advances in remote mentorship technology can overcome existing barriers and aid in expanding the global surgical workforce in thoracic surgery.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"109 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advancements in omics techniques have enabled deep profiling of an individual’s molecular makeup. The wealth of data produced offers insights into genetic predispositions, early disease markers, and personalized treatment strategies. However, the full potential of omics data emerges when combined into longitudinal and personal multi-omics space. Another interesting venue is the inclusion of continuous monitoring of physiological parameters through wearable technology. Wearable health devices, including smartwatches and biosensors, provide real-time data on heart rate, oxygen saturation, sleep patterns, activity levels, and much more. By integrating with omics data, wearables offer a comprehensive view of an individual’s health, allowing for early detection of deviations from normalcy. This convergence allows for the prediction and prevention of diseases at the individual level and provides a powerful monitoring tool in clinical and drug developmental settings. This review explores the fusion of omics and wearable technology, envisioning their synergy as a catalyst for a transformative shift in modern healthcare. Their merging enables predictive and personalized medicine. As these technologies continue to evolve, their translation into routine clinical practice holds the promise of a healthier future for all. Provided herein is a step-by-step vision for how longitudinal personalized multi-omics, combined with wearable devices, will guide proactive healthcare and transform drug discovery in translational medicine.
{"title":"The dawn of personalized multi-omics: Detecting disease before you know it","authors":"Filip Mundt Madsen","doi":"10.36922/gtm.2357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2357","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in omics techniques have enabled deep profiling of an individual’s molecular makeup. The wealth of data produced offers insights into genetic predispositions, early disease markers, and personalized treatment strategies. However, the full potential of omics data emerges when combined into longitudinal and personal multi-omics space. Another interesting venue is the inclusion of continuous monitoring of physiological parameters through wearable technology. Wearable health devices, including smartwatches and biosensors, provide real-time data on heart rate, oxygen saturation, sleep patterns, activity levels, and much more. By integrating with omics data, wearables offer a comprehensive view of an individual’s health, allowing for early detection of deviations from normalcy. This convergence allows for the prediction and prevention of diseases at the individual level and provides a powerful monitoring tool in clinical and drug developmental settings. This review explores the fusion of omics and wearable technology, envisioning their synergy as a catalyst for a transformative shift in modern healthcare. Their merging enables predictive and personalized medicine. As these technologies continue to evolve, their translation into routine clinical practice holds the promise of a healthier future for all. Provided herein is a step-by-step vision for how longitudinal personalized multi-omics, combined with wearable devices, will guide proactive healthcare and transform drug discovery in translational medicine.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rejath Jose, Anvin Thomas, Jennifer Guo, Robert Steinberg, Milan Toma
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevailing global health issue and a leading cause of death worldwide. Its accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effectively managing the disease and improving patient outcomes. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of machine learning (ML)-based approaches to detect and diagnose CAD. A dataset of 918 instances from the UCI ML repository, comprising 11 typical risk factors and CAD predictors, was used for this investigation. The study deployed ML models in Google Colaboratory and PyCaret, testing their efficacy in diagnosing CAD. Our study provides a detailed overview of these ML methodologies, their strengths, and limitations, underscoring the potential of these algorithms to revolutionize CAD diagnosis and treatment. The overall goal of the study is to create a model that can predict the presence or chance of presence of CAD based on different parameters of the patient’s history. Findings include the showcased logistic regression model, which was proven to be particularly effective, with an area under curve of 0.88, indicating a high ability to differentiate between patients with and without CAD, and a successful ability to identify clinically key features of CAD such as the presence of exertional angina and chest pain. This study emphasizes the importance of further research in this field to establish ML as a cornerstone of modern healthcare diagnostics.
冠状动脉疾病（CAD）是全球普遍存在的健康问题，也是导致全球死亡的主要原因。准确及时的诊断对于有效控制疾病和改善患者预后至关重要。在这项研究中，我们对基于机器学习（ML）的检测和诊断 CAD 的方法进行了比较分析。研究使用了来自 UCI ML 库的 918 个实例数据集，其中包括 11 个典型的危险因素和 CAD 预测因子。研究在 Google Colaboratory 和 PyCaret 中部署了 ML 模型，测试它们在诊断 CAD 方面的功效。我们的研究详细概述了这些 ML 方法、它们的优势和局限性，强调了这些算法彻底改变 CAD 诊断和治疗的潜力。本研究的总体目标是创建一个模型，根据患者病史的不同参数预测是否存在或有可能存在 CAD。研究结果包括展示的逻辑回归模型，该模型被证明特别有效，其曲线下面积为 0.88，表明该模型具有很强的区分有无 CAD 患者的能力，并能成功识别 CAD 的临床关键特征，如是否存在劳累性心绞痛和胸痛。这项研究强调了在该领域开展进一步研究的重要性，以将 ML 确立为现代医疗诊断的基石。
{"title":"Evaluating machine learning models for prediction of coronary artery disease","authors":"Rejath Jose, Anvin Thomas, Jennifer Guo, Robert Steinberg, Milan Toma","doi":"10.36922/gtm.2669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2669","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevailing global health issue and a leading cause of death worldwide. Its accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effectively managing the disease and improving patient outcomes. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of machine learning (ML)-based approaches to detect and diagnose CAD. A dataset of 918 instances from the UCI ML repository, comprising 11 typical risk factors and CAD predictors, was used for this investigation. The study deployed ML models in Google Colaboratory and PyCaret, testing their efficacy in diagnosing CAD. Our study provides a detailed overview of these ML methodologies, their strengths, and limitations, underscoring the potential of these algorithms to revolutionize CAD diagnosis and treatment. The overall goal of the study is to create a model that can predict the presence or chance of presence of CAD based on different parameters of the patient’s history. Findings include the showcased logistic regression model, which was proven to be particularly effective, with an area under curve of 0.88, indicating a high ability to differentiate between patients with and without CAD, and a successful ability to identify clinically key features of CAD such as the presence of exertional angina and chest pain. This study emphasizes the importance of further research in this field to establish ML as a cornerstone of modern healthcare diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larissa Gomes Sartori, Roger Burgo de Souza, Daniel Prado Campos, Paulo Broniera Júnior, José Jair Alves Mendes Junior, Eddy Krueger
In response to the challenge of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation, this study aimed to investigate the effect of applying a non-invasive interface of surface neuroelectrical signals and functional electrical stimulation (sNES-sFES) with a static magnetic field on the motor outcome of the quadriceps femoris muscle in an individual with a complete SCI. The participant, who had a complete SCI in the chronic stage, was evaluated before (pre) and after nine (post) interventions using surface electromyography (sEMG). In addition, spasticity (modified Ashworth scale [MAS]) was observed in all sessions. Moreover, the user learning curve process (classifier percentage and correct success of the sFES hits) was evaluated. In general, we observed: (i) No voluntary muscle contraction (pre- and post-root mean square of sEMG = 0%) improvement; (ii) spasticity decrease (average one point in MAS); (iii) gradual improvement in the user learning effect on the interface, reaching 84% in classifier accuracy and a maximum percentage of correct sFES activation of 53%. In conclusion, no improvement in voluntary muscular contraction was observed within 9 weeks of the intervention (1 session/day; 1 h/week). However, our study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of our methodology for future research involving continuous physical rehabilitation training and the implementation of assistive technology.
{"title":"Ineffective voluntary motor improvement through non-invasive BCI-FES with static magnetic field in complete spinal cord injury: A pilot study","authors":"Larissa Gomes Sartori, Roger Burgo de Souza, Daniel Prado Campos, Paulo Broniera Júnior, José Jair Alves Mendes Junior, Eddy Krueger","doi":"10.36922/gtm.2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2285","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the challenge of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation, this study aimed to investigate the effect of applying a non-invasive interface of surface neuroelectrical signals and functional electrical stimulation (sNES-sFES) with a static magnetic field on the motor outcome of the quadriceps femoris muscle in an individual with a complete SCI. The participant, who had a complete SCI in the chronic stage, was evaluated before (pre) and after nine (post) interventions using surface electromyography (sEMG). In addition, spasticity (modified Ashworth scale [MAS]) was observed in all sessions. Moreover, the user learning curve process (classifier percentage and correct success of the sFES hits) was evaluated. In general, we observed: (i) No voluntary muscle contraction (pre- and post-root mean square of sEMG = 0%) improvement; (ii) spasticity decrease (average one point in MAS); (iii) gradual improvement in the user learning effect on the interface, reaching 84% in classifier accuracy and a maximum percentage of correct sFES activation of 53%. In conclusion, no improvement in voluntary muscular contraction was observed within 9 weeks of the intervention (1 session/day; 1 h/week). However, our study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of our methodology for future research involving continuous physical rehabilitation training and the implementation of assistive technology.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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