As a pathologically heterogeneous disease, cancer is one of the leading causes of global morbidity. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in six deaths are caused by cancer. Fortunately, many cancers can be cured if diagnosed at early stages and treated efficiently. Despite the benefits of conventional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy, they have several drawbacks, including cytotoxicity, inaccurate targeting of tumor cells, and multi-drug resistance, which underscore the importance of developing novel and effective strategies to improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and patient survival. Recently, the advancement of nanotechnology has opened new horizons for cancer treatment thanks to the discovery of nanoparticles (NPs) and the small-sized molecules that revolutionized the drug delivery methods in cancerous tissues. The specific characteristics of NPs, such as reduced toxicity, improved permeability, and accurate targeting of tumor cells, provide a great advantage in cancer treatment and help to overcome the limitations and challenges of conventional cancer treatment methods. Besides, the role of NPs in immunotherapy has created a novel concept for cancer treatment. This review gives a brief overview regarding the importance of NPs and their targeting mechanism, as well as the challenges and limitations associated with their use in cancer treatment.
{"title":"Advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery in cancer treatment","authors":"Pourya Sarvari, P. Sarvari","doi":"10.36922/gtm.0394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0394","url":null,"abstract":"As a pathologically heterogeneous disease, cancer is one of the leading causes of global morbidity. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in six deaths are caused by cancer. Fortunately, many cancers can be cured if diagnosed at early stages and treated efficiently. Despite the benefits of conventional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy, they have several drawbacks, including cytotoxicity, inaccurate targeting of tumor cells, and multi-drug resistance, which underscore the importance of developing novel and effective strategies to improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and patient survival. Recently, the advancement of nanotechnology has opened new horizons for cancer treatment thanks to the discovery of nanoparticles (NPs) and the small-sized molecules that revolutionized the drug delivery methods in cancerous tissues. The specific characteristics of NPs, such as reduced toxicity, improved permeability, and accurate targeting of tumor cells, provide a great advantage in cancer treatment and help to overcome the limitations and challenges of conventional cancer treatment methods. Besides, the role of NPs in immunotherapy has created a novel concept for cancer treatment. This review gives a brief overview regarding the importance of NPs and their targeting mechanism, as well as the challenges and limitations associated with their use in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the previous studies, we have shown that the tunica adventitia of porcine abdominal aorta could be mechanically reinforced by irradiating it with ultraviolet A (UV-A) rays to promote the photocrosslinking of constitutive collagen, and we have proposed the method as a procedure to prevent or delay abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ruptures. We have also demonstrated that UV irradiation-induced mechanical augmentation despite the degradation of the adventitia through collagenolysis in vitro. Considering that elastolysis is equally a relevant event in the pathogenesis of AAA, the degradation of elastin was also investigated in the present study. A total of 50 porcine aortas were used in the study. All processed samples were evaluated in a mechanical tester before and after degradation and/or irradiation. The adventitial layer was isolated and subjected to elastase for either 1 – 48 h. We found that both elastin and collagen were digested by elastase, with the former being completely digested after 48 h. The samples degraded for 1 h were subsequently irradiated with UV-A (365 nm) in the presence of riboflavin as a photoinitiator, a process that induced an enhancement of the strength and stiffness of the tissue. This is an indication that a partly degenerated aortic wall, like that in an aneurysmal region, can be reinforced mechanically by UV irradiation, possibly to the extent of delaying, or preventing altogether, the wall’s rupture. It appears important to irradiate the wall as early as possible.
{"title":"Ultraviolet-induced mechanical augmentation of the degraded porcine aortic adventitia: Its significance for preventing aneurysmal rupture","authors":"T. Chirila, Shuko Suzuki","doi":"10.36922/gtm.0897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0897","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous studies, we have shown that the tunica adventitia of porcine abdominal aorta could be mechanically reinforced by irradiating it with ultraviolet A (UV-A) rays to promote the photocrosslinking of constitutive collagen, and we have proposed the method as a procedure to prevent or delay abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ruptures. We have also demonstrated that UV irradiation-induced mechanical augmentation despite the degradation of the adventitia through collagenolysis in vitro. Considering that elastolysis is equally a relevant event in the pathogenesis of AAA, the degradation of elastin was also investigated in the present study. A total of 50 porcine aortas were used in the study. All processed samples were evaluated in a mechanical tester before and after degradation and/or irradiation. The adventitial layer was isolated and subjected to elastase for either 1 – 48 h. We found that both elastin and collagen were digested by elastase, with the former being completely digested after 48 h. The samples degraded for 1 h were subsequently irradiated with UV-A (365 nm) in the presence of riboflavin as a photoinitiator, a process that induced an enhancement of the strength and stiffness of the tissue. This is an indication that a partly degenerated aortic wall, like that in an aneurysmal region, can be reinforced mechanically by UV irradiation, possibly to the extent of delaying, or preventing altogether, the wall’s rupture. It appears important to irradiate the wall as early as possible.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75578801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigations toward malignancies involving gut microbiota are still in their infancy, especially in hematology and oncology. There are approximately 1.2 million new hematological malignancy cases, resulting in more than 500,000 cases/year in mortality worldwide. It is through commendable advancements directed toward anticancer therapy in recent times that have significantly improved the survival rate among individuals; however, their cytotoxicity or side effects tend to be challenging for patients to tolerate, attributed to anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy due to the aggressive nature in terms of their mechanism of action. Therefore, novel means, or treatments that could present less or non-toxic modalities are warranted, especially those that decrease unpleasant side effects. Studies indicate that the human body accommodates roughly 40 trillion microorganisms, also referred to as the human microbiota, and the abundance of this microbiota is predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiota is associated with various physiological roles, like immunology, digestive functions, and neural development. Therefore, the aim of this literature is to summarize current innovations (and achievements) in using gut microbiota to alleviate diseases and possible directions to explore toward curing malignancies or associated ailments. In addition, this type of publication seeks to encourage possible directions to be employed in establishing “possible biomarkers” which could be used in both the laboratory and clinical settings; this includes methodologies involving translational medicine through undertakings of improving cancer therapy.
{"title":"Novel applications of manipulating gut microbiota for alleviating hematological disorders","authors":"Sibusiso Luthuli, Lulama Luthuli","doi":"10.36922/gtm.0389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0389","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations toward malignancies involving gut microbiota are still in their infancy, especially in hematology and oncology. There are approximately 1.2 million new hematological malignancy cases, resulting in more than 500,000 cases/year in mortality worldwide. It is through commendable advancements directed toward anticancer therapy in recent times that have significantly improved the survival rate among individuals; however, their cytotoxicity or side effects tend to be challenging for patients to tolerate, attributed to anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy due to the aggressive nature in terms of their mechanism of action. Therefore, novel means, or treatments that could present less or non-toxic modalities are warranted, especially those that decrease unpleasant side effects. Studies indicate that the human body accommodates roughly 40 trillion microorganisms, also referred to as the human microbiota, and the abundance of this microbiota is predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiota is associated with various physiological roles, like immunology, digestive functions, and neural development. Therefore, the aim of this literature is to summarize current innovations (and achievements) in using gut microbiota to alleviate diseases and possible directions to explore toward curing malignancies or associated ailments. In addition, this type of publication seeks to encourage possible directions to be employed in establishing “possible biomarkers” which could be used in both the laboratory and clinical settings; this includes methodologies involving translational medicine through undertakings of improving cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83359166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rupali G. Shinde, Isha Juwarwala, V. Modi, Chandni V. Chandarana
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most prevalent condition that results in sickness and death worldwide. An early and accurate diagnosis of AMI is critical for prompt and appropriate treatment. Cardiac biomarkers, including myoglobin, creatinine phosphokinase (CK), and cardiac troponins, have been widely used for AMI diagnosis. More recently, new biomarkers such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and matrix metalloproteinases have shown promise in improving AMI diagnosis. At present, cardiac biomarkers and biosensors are used in the diagnosis and prognosis of AMI. This review article gives information on cardiac biomarkers specific to AMI and its diagnostic methods. These biomarkers have several advantages, including their high specificity for cardiac injury and their sensitivity to even small extent of cardiac damage. In addition, cardiac biomarkers can be used to assess the severity of AMI and predict the risk of complications or mortality. Recently, biosensors that can detect cardiac biomarkers in real time have been developed, allowing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of AMI. The utility of cardiac biomarkers and biosensors in the diagnosis of AMI underscores the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening condition.
{"title":"Utility of cardiac biomarkers and biosensors for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction","authors":"Rupali G. Shinde, Isha Juwarwala, V. Modi, Chandni V. Chandarana","doi":"10.36922/gtm.0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0403","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most prevalent condition that results in sickness and death worldwide. An early and accurate diagnosis of AMI is critical for prompt and appropriate treatment. Cardiac biomarkers, including myoglobin, creatinine phosphokinase (CK), and cardiac troponins, have been widely used for AMI diagnosis. More recently, new biomarkers such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and matrix metalloproteinases have shown promise in improving AMI diagnosis. At present, cardiac biomarkers and biosensors are used in the diagnosis and prognosis of AMI. This review article gives information on cardiac biomarkers specific to AMI and its diagnostic methods. These biomarkers have several advantages, including their high specificity for cardiac injury and their sensitivity to even small extent of cardiac damage. In addition, cardiac biomarkers can be used to assess the severity of AMI and predict the risk of complications or mortality. Recently, biosensors that can detect cardiac biomarkers in real time have been developed, allowing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of AMI. The utility of cardiac biomarkers and biosensors in the diagnosis of AMI underscores the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening condition.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83948266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bulletti, Marco Berrettini, R. Sciorio, C. Bulletti
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been experiencing rapid growth in recent years, and numerous applications are improving the single-step efficiency of the whole assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure. In this review, we collected all the algorithms supplying ART and selected those supporting the clinical assistance to the procedure up to the successful attempt. Those with a clear role in improving ART performances were further selected. We found a questionnaire-based algorithm identifying patients at risk for endometriosis with early management and better fertility outcome. An algorithm can detect the values of simple gamete production (male) and reservoir (female) according to gradual scale allocation, and display themas normal or abnormal, spontaneousor stimulated gamete production. This can provide significant benefits for infertile couples undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic journeys. The calculators for the starting dose of gonadotropins and the trigger timing during controlled ovarian stimulation make clinical management more efficient. With the application of AI in ART, the ability to determine the optimal number of metaphase II oocytes required for blastocyst formation and number of oocytes needed for embryo production has been significantly improved. The calculation of the implantation rate as proposed in different calculators, using the ultrasound of endometrial vascularization or the age and euploidy of the embryo transferred, may provide further advancement in managing the ART procedure with more participation from the couples to increase the efficacy of the procedures. Finally, the calculator of presumptive success with an ART program based on couples or medical center profiling and efficiency is of tremendous comfort to couples. In conclusion, algorithms and machine learning development in human reproduction are growing daily with evident benefits. Infertility treatments by in vitro fertilization (IVF) are assisted by several algorithms that improve the efficiency of each procedure step, making IVF program’s management more effortless.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence algorithms for optimizing assisted reproductive technology programs: A systematic review","authors":"F. Bulletti, Marco Berrettini, R. Sciorio, C. Bulletti","doi":"10.36922/gtm.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0308","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has been experiencing rapid growth in recent years, and numerous applications are improving the single-step efficiency of the whole assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure. In this review, we collected all the algorithms supplying ART and selected those supporting the clinical assistance to the procedure up to the successful attempt. Those with a clear role in improving ART performances were further selected. We found a questionnaire-based algorithm identifying patients at risk for endometriosis with early management and better fertility outcome. An algorithm can detect the values of simple gamete production (male) and reservoir (female) according to gradual scale allocation, and display themas normal or abnormal, spontaneousor stimulated gamete production. This can provide significant benefits for infertile couples undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic journeys. The calculators for the starting dose of gonadotropins and the trigger timing during controlled ovarian stimulation make clinical management more efficient. With the application of AI in ART, the ability to determine the optimal number of metaphase II oocytes required for blastocyst formation and number of oocytes needed for embryo production has been significantly improved. The calculation of the implantation rate as proposed in different calculators, using the ultrasound of endometrial vascularization or the age and euploidy of the embryo transferred, may provide further advancement in managing the ART procedure with more participation from the couples to increase the efficacy of the procedures. Finally, the calculator of presumptive success with an ART program based on couples or medical center profiling and efficiency is of tremendous comfort to couples. In conclusion, algorithms and machine learning development in human reproduction are growing daily with evident benefits. Infertility treatments by in vitro fertilization (IVF) are assisted by several algorithms that improve the efficiency of each procedure step, making IVF program’s management more effortless.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74614790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaba Busola Oladimeji, Oluwaseye Michael Oladimeji, Adeola Olubunmi Ajibare, Oluwafemi Tunde Ojo, Ramon Kolade Moronkola, A. Raheem, Abdulazeez Olanrewaju, Damilare Adewale Olusanya, Onomen Oluwaseyi Ehizojie, Oluwaseyi Ajimotokan, Abdulrahman Idris, Adenike Olufunke Akalakini, Moriam Omolola Lamina, Oluwaseun Oyeyemi Okunuga, Alaba Philips Adebola, Folashade Adeola Daniel, Oluwarotimi Ireti Akinola, Adetokunbo Olusegun Fabamwo
Cardiac catheterization is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. However, it is rarely done in Nigeria because of the limited cardiac catheterization laboratories in the country. Transforming the existing operating theaters to modified catheterization laboratories may bridge the gap of limited cardiac catheterization. This study reviewed the procedures, outcomes, and challenges of a modified catheterization laboratory in Nigeria. A retrospective review of all diagnostic cardiac catheterizations at the modified catheterization laboratory of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) between January and May 2022 was performed. A total of 8 adult and 4 pediatric patients had cardiac catheterization, and the mean age was 23.7 ± 16.9 (range: 2 – 52) years. The most common lesion was the ventricular septal defect. Complex congenital heart disease was seen in 16% of subjects, whereas pulmonary hypertension was found in 83% (10). The most common complication was transient bradycardia. Good surgical outcome was recorded in the patients who subsequently had corrective surgeries. A modified catheterization laboratory may be a suitable alternative to the standard catheterization laboratory in low-resourced countries.
{"title":"Diagnostic cardiac catheterization in a modified cardiac catheterization laboratory: The LASUTH experience","authors":"Alaba Busola Oladimeji, Oluwaseye Michael Oladimeji, Adeola Olubunmi Ajibare, Oluwafemi Tunde Ojo, Ramon Kolade Moronkola, A. Raheem, Abdulazeez Olanrewaju, Damilare Adewale Olusanya, Onomen Oluwaseyi Ehizojie, Oluwaseyi Ajimotokan, Abdulrahman Idris, Adenike Olufunke Akalakini, Moriam Omolola Lamina, Oluwaseun Oyeyemi Okunuga, Alaba Philips Adebola, Folashade Adeola Daniel, Oluwarotimi Ireti Akinola, Adetokunbo Olusegun Fabamwo","doi":"10.36922/gtm.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.249","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac catheterization is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. However, it is rarely done in Nigeria because of the limited cardiac catheterization laboratories in the country. Transforming the existing operating theaters to modified catheterization laboratories may bridge the gap of limited cardiac catheterization. This study reviewed the procedures, outcomes, and challenges of a modified catheterization laboratory in Nigeria. A retrospective review of all diagnostic cardiac catheterizations at the modified catheterization laboratory of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) between January and May 2022 was performed. A total of 8 adult and 4 pediatric patients had cardiac catheterization, and the mean age was 23.7 ± 16.9 (range: 2 – 52) years. The most common lesion was the ventricular septal defect. Complex congenital heart disease was seen in 16% of subjects, whereas pulmonary hypertension was found in 83% (10). The most common complication was transient bradycardia. Good surgical outcome was recorded in the patients who subsequently had corrective surgeries. A modified catheterization laboratory may be a suitable alternative to the standard catheterization laboratory in low-resourced countries.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72741935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community’s understanding of chronic pain. Chronic pain is considered a different form of depression. In this study, pain relief was explored in chronic pain patients with different neurological disease, accompanied by comorbid symptoms, depression, and insomnia. Twenty-three chronic pain patients aged 26–79 years with comorbid symptoms were included in a prospective 12-week treatment using 10 mg vortioxetine. Different types of chronic pain were represented in this study: low back pain (13 patients), headache (four patients); neuropathic mechanism-induced pain (six patients) – spinal stenosis (two patients), radiculopathy (two patients), and trigeminal neuralgia (two patients). Efficacy of vortioxetine treatment was monitored after 1 week, 3 weeks, and 12 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity value. Dynamic of pain relief was assessed in accordance with comorbid depression and insomnia. Most patients with chronic pain actively reported depression (65%) and insomnia (74%). Depression was statistically rare in patients with neuropathic pain (33%) compared to patients with nociceptive pain (82%; P < 0.05). Incidence of insomnia was lower, although not statistically, in patients with neuropathic mechanism-induced pain (50%) compared to patients with nociceptive pain (82%, P = 0.129). Patients younger than 65 years reported pain reduction, according to VAS, after 1 week and 3 weeks vortioxetine therapy. The mean pain relief was 1.1 cm in young patients versus 0.16 cm in patients aged >65 years (P < 0.01) after 1-week treatment, and it was 2.35 cm in young patients versus 1.7 cm in patients aged >65 years (P < 0.05) after 3-week treatment. Vortioxetine therapy was effective in different types of chronic pain, accompanied by comorbid depression and insomnia. At early stage of treatment, pain relief was lower in old patients aged >65 years. Regardless of age, all patients had significant pain relief after the 12-week treatment.
{"title":"New insights into chronic pain management based on biopsychosocial model","authors":"Ekaterina Fedorovna Turovskaia, Lyudmila Ivanovna Alekseeva","doi":"10.36922/gtm.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.312","url":null,"abstract":"The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community’s understanding of chronic pain. Chronic pain is considered a different form of depression. In this study, pain relief was explored in chronic pain patients with different neurological disease, accompanied by comorbid symptoms, depression, and insomnia. Twenty-three chronic pain patients aged 26–79 years with comorbid symptoms were included in a prospective 12-week treatment using 10 mg vortioxetine. Different types of chronic pain were represented in this study: low back pain (13 patients), headache (four patients); neuropathic mechanism-induced pain (six patients) – spinal stenosis (two patients), radiculopathy (two patients), and trigeminal neuralgia (two patients). Efficacy of vortioxetine treatment was monitored after 1 week, 3 weeks, and 12 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity value. Dynamic of pain relief was assessed in accordance with comorbid depression and insomnia. Most patients with chronic pain actively reported depression (65%) and insomnia (74%). Depression was statistically rare in patients with neuropathic pain (33%) compared to patients with nociceptive pain (82%; P < 0.05). Incidence of insomnia was lower, although not statistically, in patients with neuropathic mechanism-induced pain (50%) compared to patients with nociceptive pain (82%, P = 0.129). Patients younger than 65 years reported pain reduction, according to VAS, after 1 week and 3 weeks vortioxetine therapy. The mean pain relief was 1.1 cm in young patients versus 0.16 cm in patients aged >65 years (P < 0.01) after 1-week treatment, and it was 2.35 cm in young patients versus 1.7 cm in patients aged >65 years (P < 0.05) after 3-week treatment. Vortioxetine therapy was effective in different types of chronic pain, accompanied by comorbid depression and insomnia. At early stage of treatment, pain relief was lower in old patients aged >65 years. Regardless of age, all patients had significant pain relief after the 12-week treatment.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82496526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ameliyanovich, M. Lushchyk, I. Mosse, L. Danilova
Overweight and obesity refer to the abnormal and excessive deposition of adipose tissue in the human body causing significant harm to health. Unfortunately, there has always been a persisting upward trend in the number of overweight people. The development of obesity may be caused by a combination of excessive food intake, low physical activity, and a hereditary predisposition to it. Studies of the genotypes of obese individuals allowed identifying a number of polymorphic variants of genes that contribute to a genetic predisposition to an excessive weight gain. One of the most significant predictors of obesity is the FTO gene (a fat mass and obesity-associated gene). Genotyping of 655 representatives of the Republic of Belarus was carried out for 13 polymorphic variants of the FTO gene. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out from the peripheral venous blood samples. Real-time PCR was performed for the evaluation of polymorphic variants of the FTO gene. A significant association of the genotype with the body mass index was observed in eight polymorphic variants of the FTO gene: In the carriers of minor homozygotes of polymorphic variants rs11075990, rs1121980, rs1421085, rs17817449, rs3751812, rs9939609, rs9940128, and rs9941349, the body mass index (BMI) was much higher compared with the carriers of corresponding major homozygotes P = 0.0022 – 0.021. An analysis of the linkage disequilibrium of 13 polymorphic variants of the FTO gene was carried out. It was found that eight polymorphic variants of the FTO gene for which a statistically significant association with BMI was shown constitute one block of linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.82 – 1.0, P < 0.001) and form two most common haplotypes: A/G/T/T/G/T/G/C (51.9%) and G/A/C/G/T/A/A/T (42.8%). Therefore, to determine the risk for obesity development, it is sufficient to conduct genetic testing for one of these polymorphic variants. This greatly facilitates the process of determining a genetic predisposition to excess weight.
超重和肥胖是指人体脂肪组织的异常和过度沉积，对健康造成重大危害。不幸的是，超重人群的数量一直呈持续上升的趋势。肥胖的发展可能是由过多的食物摄入、低体力活动和遗传易感性共同引起的。通过对肥胖个体基因型的研究，我们可以识别出一些基因的多态性变异，这些变异会导致体重过度增加的遗传倾向。肥胖最重要的预测因子之一是FTO基因(一种脂肪量和肥胖相关基因)。对白俄罗斯共和国655名代表的FTO基因进行了13个多态性变异的基因分型。外周静脉血样本进行基因组DNA提取。实时荧光定量PCR检测FTO基因的多态性变异。FTO基因8个多态变异的基因型与体重指数存在显著相关性:多态变异rs11075990、rs1121980、rs1421085、rs17817449、rs3751812、rs9939609、rs9940128和rs9941349的小纯合子携带者的体重指数(BMI)显著高于相应的大纯合子携带者，P = 0.0022 ~ 0.021。对FTO基因13个多态性变异的连锁不平衡进行了分析。结果表明，8个FTO基因多态性变异与BMI呈显著相关，构成了1个连锁不平衡区(r2 = 0.82 ~ 1.0, P < 0.001)，形成了a /G/T/T/G/ C(51.9%)和G/ a /C/G/T/ a / a /T(42.8%)两种最常见的单倍型。因此，为了确定肥胖发展的风险，对这些多态变异之一进行基因检测就足够了。这极大地促进了确定超重遗传倾向的过程。
{"title":"Association between the FTO polymorphic variants and obesity in the Belarusian population","authors":"M. Ameliyanovich, M. Lushchyk, I. Mosse, L. Danilova","doi":"10.36922/gtm.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.352","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity refer to the abnormal and excessive deposition of adipose tissue in the human body causing significant harm to health. Unfortunately, there has always been a persisting upward trend in the number of overweight people. The development of obesity may be caused by a combination of excessive food intake, low physical activity, and a hereditary predisposition to it. Studies of the genotypes of obese individuals allowed identifying a number of polymorphic variants of genes that contribute to a genetic predisposition to an excessive weight gain. One of the most significant predictors of obesity is the FTO gene (a fat mass and obesity-associated gene). Genotyping of 655 representatives of the Republic of Belarus was carried out for 13 polymorphic variants of the FTO gene. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out from the peripheral venous blood samples. Real-time PCR was performed for the evaluation of polymorphic variants of the FTO gene. A significant association of the genotype with the body mass index was observed in eight polymorphic variants of the FTO gene: In the carriers of minor homozygotes of polymorphic variants rs11075990, rs1121980, rs1421085, rs17817449, rs3751812, rs9939609, rs9940128, and rs9941349, the body mass index (BMI) was much higher compared with the carriers of corresponding major homozygotes P = 0.0022 – 0.021. An analysis of the linkage disequilibrium of 13 polymorphic variants of the FTO gene was carried out. It was found that eight polymorphic variants of the FTO gene for which a statistically significant association with BMI was shown constitute one block of linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.82 – 1.0, P < 0.001) and form two most common haplotypes: A/G/T/T/G/T/G/C (51.9%) and G/A/C/G/T/A/A/T (42.8%). Therefore, to determine the risk for obesity development, it is sufficient to conduct genetic testing for one of these polymorphic variants. This greatly facilitates the process of determining a genetic predisposition to excess weight.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74190881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fundamental cause of obesity is widely assumed to be an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended (i.e., the energy balance theory). However, this century-old obesity paradigm is fallacious. According to known laws of physics, the actual etiology of obesity is chronic positive mass balance, not positive energy balance. Furthermore, the relevant physical law in body mass regulation is the Law of Conservation of Mass, not the Law of Conservation of Energy. It is important to understand that energy balance and mass balance are separate balances in the human body. Since calories simply represent the heat released on food oxidation, they have no impact on body mass. Body mass can only change as a result of net mass flow; thus, the only food property that can augment body mass is its nutrient mass, not its energy content. The recently proposed mass balance model describes the temporal evolution of body weight and body composition under a wide variety of feeding experiments, and it seems to provide a highly accurate description of the very best experimental human feeding data. By shifting to a mass balance paradigm of obesity, a deeper understanding of this condition may follow in the near future. The purpose of this living review is to present the core issues of the upcoming paradigm shift and some practical applications related to the subject.
{"title":"Chronic positive mass balance is the actual etiology of obesity: A living review","authors":"Anssi H Manninen","doi":"10.36922/gtm.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.222","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental cause of obesity is widely assumed to be an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended (i.e., the energy balance theory). However, this century-old obesity paradigm is fallacious. According to known laws of physics, the actual etiology of obesity is chronic positive mass balance, not positive energy balance. Furthermore, the relevant physical law in body mass regulation is the Law of Conservation of Mass, not the Law of Conservation of Energy. It is important to understand that energy balance and mass balance are separate balances in the human body. Since calories simply represent the heat released on food oxidation, they have no impact on body mass. Body mass can only change as a result of net mass flow; thus, the only food property that can augment body mass is its nutrient mass, not its energy content. The recently proposed mass balance model describes the temporal evolution of body weight and body composition under a wide variety of feeding experiments, and it seems to provide a highly accurate description of the very best experimental human feeding data. By shifting to a mass balance paradigm of obesity, a deeper understanding of this condition may follow in the near future. The purpose of this living review is to present the core issues of the upcoming paradigm shift and some practical applications related to the subject.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"29 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83583876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of human death worldwide. Genetic variants serve as the major risk factor for CVDs, with limited therapeutic interventions in clinical practice. The recent surge of genome editing technologies offers the hope to correct genetic variants and to cure genetic diseases. Among the diverse genome editing tools, adenine base editors (ABEs) exhibit high efficiency, high specificity, and low off-target effects, successfully entering a clinical trial and demonstrating the tremendous potential to transform modern cardiovascular therapy. In this review, we summarize the basic knowledge about ABE, showcase three hallmark studies using ABE to ameliorate or treat CVDs in experimental animals, and lastly discuss about the key technical concerns that should be addressed to achieve the full potential of ABEs in the future.
心血管疾病(cvd)是全世界人类死亡的主要原因。遗传变异是心血管疾病的主要危险因素，在临床实践中治疗干预有限。最近基因组编辑技术的激增为纠正基因变异和治愈遗传疾病带来了希望。在众多基因组编辑工具中，腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(adenine base editors, abe)以高效率、高特异性、低脱靶效应等特点，成功进入临床试验，展现出改变现代心血管治疗的巨大潜力。在本文中，我们总结了ABE的基本知识，展示了在实验动物中使用ABE改善或治疗心血管疾病的三个标志性研究，最后讨论了未来应该解决的关键技术问题，以充分发挥ABE的潜力。
{"title":"Adenine base editing as a promising therapy for cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Lu-jia Yang, Zihao Tao, X. Ma, Xuanhui Zhang, Yuxuan Guo, Fei Gao","doi":"10.36922/gtm.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.232","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of human death worldwide. Genetic variants serve as the major risk factor for CVDs, with limited therapeutic interventions in clinical practice. The recent surge of genome editing technologies offers the hope to correct genetic variants and to cure genetic diseases. Among the diverse genome editing tools, adenine base editors (ABEs) exhibit high efficiency, high specificity, and low off-target effects, successfully entering a clinical trial and demonstrating the tremendous potential to transform modern cardiovascular therapy. In this review, we summarize the basic knowledge about ABE, showcase three hallmark studies using ABE to ameliorate or treat CVDs in experimental animals, and lastly discuss about the key technical concerns that should be addressed to achieve the full potential of ABEs in the future.","PeriodicalId":73176,"journal":{"name":"Global translational medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77642645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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