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The Ural Population Project. Demography and Culture From Microdata in a European-Asian Border Region 乌拉尔人口项目。从微观数据看欧亚边境地区的人口与文化
Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs12320
E. Glavatskaya, Julia Borovik, G. Thorvaldsen
The Ural Population Project (URAPP) is built from individual level data transcriptions of 19th- to early 20th-century parish records and mid-19th-century census-like tax revisions manuscripts. This article discusses the source material, the contents, the history of creation and the strategy of the URAPP database and the outcome of the main research topics so far, including historical demography, Jewish studies, indigenous studies and studies of religious minorities in the Urals and Siberia. Our studies of the ethno-religious cultural landscape of the Urals and northwestern Siberia as well as participation in population history projects was more vital backgrounds than the traditional focus on aggregates. The over 65,000 vital events transcribed from parish records of Russian Orthodox Churches and minority religions in and around Ekaterinburg have been the basis for studies of mortality, nuptiality, religion and other characteristics. We found that the Jewish population kept their traditions and connections with relatives in the Pale of Settlement. Prisoners of WWI usually marrying within their own religious group. Infant mortality in Ekaterinburg was lower among Jews and the Catholics, minorities with higher education and western background, while the Orthodox majority exposed their newborn to extremely tough baptism. The burial records show cases of the Spanish flu in 1918–1919, but on a lower level than in the West, supporting recent theories that estimates of flu mortality may be too high. Based on the tax revisions, polygyny was officially recognized among the indigenous Siberian people. The strategy of the URAPP project has evolved from transcribing microdata about minorities towards covering the whole population.
乌拉尔人口项目(URAPP)是根据19世纪至20世纪初教区记录和19世纪中期人口普查等税收修订手稿的个人层面数据转录而成。本文讨论了URAPP数据库的来源、内容、创建历史和策略,以及迄今为止主要研究课题的成果,包括历史人口学、犹太研究、土著研究和乌拉尔和西伯利亚宗教少数群体研究。我们对乌拉尔和西伯利亚西北部民族宗教文化景观的研究,以及对人口历史项目的参与,是比传统上关注总量更重要的背景。根据叶卡捷琳堡及其周边地区俄罗斯东正教和少数民族宗教的教区记录转录的65000多起重要事件是研究死亡率、婚礼、宗教和其他特征的基础。我们发现犹太人在定居点保留着他们的传统和与亲属的联系。第一次世界大战的囚犯通常在自己的宗教团体内结婚。叶卡捷琳堡的婴儿死亡率在犹太人和天主教徒中较低,他们是受过高等教育和西方背景的少数民族,而东正教的大多数人则让他们的新生儿接受极其艰难的洗礼。埋葬记录显示了1918年至1919年的西班牙流感病例,但其水平低于西方,这支持了最近关于流感死亡率估计可能过高的理论。根据税收修正案,西伯利亚土著人民正式承认一夫多妻制。URAPP项目的战略已经从转录关于少数民族的微观数据发展到覆盖整个人口。
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引用次数: 1
Historical Population Database of Transylvania. Sources, Particularities, Challenges, and Early Findings 特兰西瓦尼亚历史人口数据库。来源、特殊性、挑战和早期发现
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs12038
Luminița Dumănescu, M. Hărăguș, Angela Lumezeanu, E. Holom, Nicoleta Hegedűs, Daniela Mârza, D. Covaci, Ioan Bolovan
The Historical Population Database of Transylvania (HPDT) is a research tool for population studies developed since 2014 at the Centre for Population Studies in Cluj-Napoca, financed by an SEE-Norway Grant. HPDT employs a source-oriented approach for recording data from the parish registers kept by the Transylvanian churches, focusing primarily on the main vital events such as births, marriages, and deaths. The data entry process was followed by the standardization of various information, such as names, occupations, locations and causes of death, thus allowing the initiation of a linkage process. The database has already been employed in a wide-ranging series of analyses conducted on datasets extracted from HPDT, which include infant and adult mortality, nuptiality and age at first marriage, social mobility, and the medicalization of childbirth. The wealth of information it includes will enable many more scientific investigations.
特兰西瓦尼亚历史人口数据库(HPDT)是克卢日-纳波卡人口研究中心自2014年以来开发的人口研究工具,由SEE-Norway资助。HPDT采用一种面向来源的方法来记录特兰西瓦尼亚教堂保存的教区登记册中的数据,主要关注出生、婚姻和死亡等主要重大事件。在数据输入过程之后,对姓名、职业、地点和死亡原因等各种信息进行标准化,从而能够启动一个联系过程。该数据库已用于对从HPDT提取的数据集进行的一系列广泛的分析,其中包括婴儿和成人死亡率、婚姻和初婚年龄、社会流动性和分娩的医疗化。它所包含的丰富信息将使更多的科学研究成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
The Barcelona Historical Marriage Database and the Baix Llobregat Demographic Database. From Algorithms for Handwriting Recognition to Individual-Level Demographic and Socioeconomic Data 巴塞罗那历史婚姻数据库和Baix Llobregat人口数据库。从手写识别算法到个人层面的人口统计和社会经济数据
Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs11971
J. Pujadas-Mora, A. Fornés, Oriol Ramos Terrades, J. Lladós, Jialuo Chen, M. Valls-Fígols, A. Cabré
The Barcelona Historical Marriage Database (BHMD) gathers records of the more than 600,000 marriages celebrated in the Diocese of Barcelona and their taxation registered in Barcelona Cathedral's so-called Marriage Licenses Books for the long period 1451–1905 and the BALL Demographic Database brings together the individual information recorded in the population registers, censuses and fiscal censuses of the main municipalities of the county of Baix Llobregat (Barcelona). In this ongoing collection 263,786 individual observations have been assembled, dating from the period between 1828 and 1965 by December 2020. The two databases started as part of different interdisciplinary research projects at the crossroads of Historical Demography and Computer Vision. Their construction uses artificial intelligence and computer vision methods as Handwriting Recognition to reduce the time of execution. However, its current state still requires some human intervention which explains the implemented crowdsourcing and game sourcing experiences. Moreover, knowledge graph techniques have allowed the application of advanced record linkage to link the same individuals and families across time and space. Moreover, we will discuss the main research lines using both databases developed so far in historical demography.
巴塞罗那历史婚姻数据库(BHMD)收集了1451年至1905年期间在巴塞罗那教区庆祝的60多万次婚姻及其在巴塞罗那大教堂所谓的婚姻许可证簿中登记的纳税记录,Baix Llobregat县(巴塞罗那)主要市镇的人口普查和财政普查。在这一正在进行的收集中,截至2020年12月,收集了263786份1828年至1965年期间的个人观测结果。这两个数据库最初是历史人口学和计算机视觉交叉点上不同跨学科研究项目的一部分。他们的构建使用了人工智能和计算机视觉方法,如手写识别,以减少执行时间。然而,它目前的状态仍然需要一些人为干预,这解释了实施的众包和游戏包体验。此外,知识图技术允许应用高级记录链接,在时间和空间上连接相同的个人和家庭。此外,我们将讨论使用迄今为止在历史人口学中开发的两个数据库的主要研究路线。
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引用次数: 1
The Groningen Integral History Cohort Database. Development, Design and Output 格罗宁根整体历史队列数据库。开发,设计和输出
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs12033
R. Paping, Dinos Sevdalakis
The Groningen Integral History project launched in 1987 aimed to sketch the lives of people from various social classes in the Dutch province of Groningen in the 19th and early 20th century. One part was the creation of the Groningen Integral History Cohort Database (GIHCD), reconstructing complete individual life courses of 5,280 persons (RPs) born between 1811 and 1872. The quality of the database has become very high by now, despite the lengthy and difficult process of shaping it over 35 years. More than 98% of the RPs (and for some parts of the database even more than 99%) could be followed until their death or until a migration abroad. Even for the life courses of those moving abroad information is available for most RPs. In this article, we primarily focus on the rural part of the database (n = 4,320), the quality of which is the highest and has had the most significant tangible research impact. Building on information from the Dutch civil registration system (from 1811) and the population registers (from 1850), the database includes multiple individual-level variables. In the technical part of the article, we provide an extensive overview of the available variables and summarize the transformation of the rural part of the database into an Intermediate Data Structure (IDS). Since the early 1990s, historians from the University of Groningen have used GIHCD in quite some publications. At the end of this article, we provide a summary of the main outcomes of these publications.
格罗宁根整体历史项目于1987年启动,旨在描绘19世纪和20世纪初荷兰格罗宁根省不同社会阶层的人们的生活。其中一部分是创建格罗宁根整体历史队列数据库(GIHCD),重建1811年至1872年间出生的5280人的完整个人生命历程。到目前为止,数据库的质量已经变得非常高,尽管在35年的时间里,它的形成过程漫长而艰难。超过98%的rp(数据库的某些部分甚至超过99%)可以被跟踪到他们死亡或迁移到国外。即使对于那些移居国外的人的生活过程,大多数rp也可以获得信息。在本文中,我们主要关注数据库的农村部分(n = 4,320),其质量最高,具有最显著的实际研究影响。该数据库以荷兰民事登记系统(1811年)和人口登记(1850年)的信息为基础,包括多个个人层面的变量。在本文的技术部分,我们对可用变量进行了广泛的概述,并总结了将数据库的农村部分转换为中间数据结构(IDS)的过程。自20世纪90年代初以来,格罗宁根大学的历史学家在相当多的出版物中使用了GIHCD。在本文的最后,我们对这些出版物的主要成果进行了总结。
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引用次数: 2
The Utah Population Database. A Model for Linking Medical and Genealogical Records for Population Health Research 犹他州人口数据库。用于人口健康研究的医学和系谱记录链接模型
Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs11681
Ken R. Smith, A. Fraser, Diana Lane Reed, Jahn B. Barlow, H. Hanson, J. West, S. Knight, Navina Forsythe, G. Mineau
Improving our understanding of the socio-environmental and genetic bases of disease and health outcomes among individuals, families, and populations over time requires extensive longitudinal data on multiple attributes for entire communities, states or nations. This requirement can be difficult to achieve. In this paper we describe a successful example of a database that meets these needs. The Utah Population Database (UPDB) is a unique and powerful database rarely found in the world that has been addressing these data requirements for over 40 years. The UPDB at the University of Utah is one of the world’s richest sources of in-depth information that supports research on genetics, epidemiology, demography, history, and public health. Genetic researchers have used UPDB to identify and study individuals and families that have higher than normal incidence of diseases or other traits, to analyze patterns of genetic inheritance, and to identify specific genetic mutations. Demographers and other social scientists are increasingly using the UPDB to study issues such as trends in fertility transitions and shifts in mortality patterns for both infants and adults. A central component of the UPDB is an extensive set of Utah family histories, in which family members are linked to demographic and medical information. The UPDB includes medical information about cancer, causes of death, and medical details associated with births. It also includes diagnostic records from statewide insurance claims data and healthcare facilities (hospital discharge, ambulatory surgery, emergency department encounters). UPDB is also linked to Medicare claims data, a federal health insurance program generally for persons age 65 or older. The UPDB provides access to information on more than 11 million individuals and supports nearly 400 research projects. We describe in detail the data components of the UPDB, how it can be accessed, issues related to its development, record linkage, governance and privacy protections, as well as plans for future developments.
随着时间的推移,要提高我们对个人、家庭和人群中疾病和健康结果的社会环境和遗传基础的理解,就需要对整个社区、州或国家的多个属性进行广泛的纵向数据。这一要求可能很难实现。在本文中,我们描述了一个满足这些需求的数据库的成功例子。犹他州人口数据库(UPDB)是一个世界上罕见的独特而强大的数据库,40多年来一直在满足这些数据需求。犹他大学的UPDB是世界上最丰富的深入信息来源之一,支持遗传学、流行病学、人口学、历史和公共卫生研究。遗传学研究人员使用UPDB来识别和研究疾病或其他特征发生率高于正常水平的个人和家庭,分析遗传模式,并识别特定的遗传突变。人口学家和其他社会科学家越来越多地使用UPDB来研究生育转变的趋势以及婴儿和成人死亡率模式的变化等问题。UPDB的一个核心组成部分是一套广泛的犹他州家族史,其中家庭成员与人口统计和医疗信息有关。UPDB包括关于癌症、死因和与分娩相关的医疗细节的医疗信息。它还包括来自全州保险索赔数据和医疗机构(出院、门诊手术、急诊科就诊)的诊断记录。UPDB还与联邦医疗保险索赔数据有关,这是一项通常针对65岁或65岁以上人群的联邦医疗保险计划。乌干达人民国防军提供了1100多万人的信息,并支持近400个研究项目。我们详细描述了UPDB的数据组成部分,如何访问它,与它的开发、记录链接、治理和隐私保护有关的问题,以及未来的发展计划。
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引用次数: 9
Building an Archival Database for Visualizing Historical Networks. A Case for Pre-Modern Korea 构建历史网络可视化档案数据库。前现代韩国的案例
Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs11718
Seung-youn Paek, Jong Hee Park, Sangkuk Lee
In this paper, we share the experience of collecting and organizing pre-modern Korean historical materials into a searchable digital archive. The Ajou Interdisciplinary Research Group (AIRG) has continuously collected historical data of pre-modern Korea for the past 10 years to assist the study of family history, historical demographics, and social mobility. This paper describes the rich data sources for historical studies of Korea, such as household registers, genealogies, and state examination registers, and we summarize contributions to the study of historical demography and related fields.
在本文中,我们分享了将前现代韩国历史资料收集和组织到可搜索的数字档案中的经验。阿周跨学科研究小组(AIRG)在过去10年中不断收集前现代韩国的历史数据,以帮助研究家族史、历史人口统计和社会流动性。本文介绍了韩国历史研究的丰富数据来源,如户籍、家谱和国考户籍,并总结了对历史人口学及相关领域研究的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Microdata in Norwegian Historiography 1970 to 2020 微观数据对1970年至2020年挪威史学的影响
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs11675
H. Sommerseth, G. Thorvaldsen
The establishment of the Norwegian Historical Data Centre, the 1801 project at the University of Bergen and the data transcriptions and scanned versions of the sources in the National Archives made Norwegian microdata much more available. A more detailed description of the digital techniques applied to the wealth of censuses, church records and other types of nominative data from the 18th century onwards, will be presented in a separate article. Our main focus here is to summarize the impact of the research that has been produced based on the Norwegian historical microdata. These studies span a wide range of fields within social history and historical demography: Emigration, immigration, internal migration, fertility, nuptiality, family history and last but not least mortality studies with a priority given to infant mortality. A recent development is the building of a national historical population register covering the 19th and 20th centuries.
挪威历史数据中心的建立、卑尔根大学1801年的项目以及国家档案馆的数据转录和扫描版本使挪威的微观数据更加可用。另一篇文章将更详细地描述18世纪以来应用于人口普查、教堂记录和其他类型主格数据财富的数字技术。我们在这里的主要重点是总结基于挪威历史微观数据的研究所产生的影响。这些研究涉及社会史和历史人口学的广泛领域:移民、移民、国内移民、生育率、婚礼、家族史,以及最后但并非最不重要的死亡率研究,优先考虑婴儿死亡率。最近的发展是建立了一个涵盖19世纪和20世纪的国家历史人口登记册。
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引用次数: 4
Thank You, Akira Hayami! The Xavier Database of Historical Japan 谢谢你,早见明!泽维尔日本历史数据库
Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs11113
S. Kurosu, Miyuki Takahashi, Hao Dong
This article introduces the Xavier database, one of the major sources for studying historical populations in Japan. The database consists of 162 years of annual observations for 28,105 individuals living in three villages and one town of the current Fukushima prefecture between 1708 and 1870. We review the extensive efforts of the founder of Japanese historical demography, Akira Hayami, and his group in collecting, transcribing, coding, and finally making local population registers into this database for demographic analysis. We discuss the studies that flourished domestically and internationally using the data in the last two decades, followed by the discussion of current and promising development.
本文介绍了日本历史人口研究的主要资源之一——Xavier数据库。该数据库包括1708年至1870年间居住在福岛县三个村庄和一个城镇的28105人的162年年度观察数据。我们回顾了日本历史人口学的创始人早见明和他的团队在收集、转录、编码和最终将当地人口登记纳入该数据库以进行人口分析方面所做的广泛努力。我们讨论了过去二十年来利用这些数据在国内和国际上蓬勃发展的研究,然后讨论了当前和有希望的发展。
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引用次数: 0
The South African Families Database 南非家庭数据库
Pub Date : 2021-11-05 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs11095
Jeanne Cilliers
Very little is known about what family life looked like for settlers in colonial South Africa during the 18th or 19th century, nor how events over these centuries might have affected demographic change. The primary reason for this lacuna is a shortage of adequate data. Historians and genealogists have, over the last century, worked to combine the rich administrative records that are available in the Cape Archives in Cape Town and beyond, into a single genealogical volume of all settlers living in the 18th, 19th and early 20th century. Until recently, this valuable resource was not in a format that would enable its use for the type of event-history analyses that have come to dominate the field of contemporary historical demography. This is now changing with the introduction of the South African Families database (SAF). SAF is one of very few databases known to document a full population of immigrants and their families over several generations. This article introduces provides a brief background to, and technical overview of, the construction of the SAF. It discusses both the merits and limitations of its use in longitudinal demographic studies and offers a look into the types of studies it can enable.
人们对18世纪或19世纪殖民地南非定居者的家庭生活知之甚少,也对这些世纪发生的事件如何影响人口变化知之甚少。造成这一空白的主要原因是缺乏足够的数据。在过去的一个世纪里,历史学家和家谱学家一直致力于将开普敦及其他地方的开普档案馆中丰富的行政记录合并为一本关于18世纪、19世纪和20世纪初所有定居者的家谱。直到最近,这一宝贵资源的形式还不能用于主导当代历史人口学领域的事件历史分析。随着南非家庭数据库的引入,这种情况正在发生变化。SAF是已知的少数几个记录几代人移民及其家庭完整人口的数据库之一。本文介绍了SAF的结构,提供了简要的背景和技术概述。它讨论了它在纵向人口研究中的优点和局限性,并介绍了它可以实现的研究类型。
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引用次数: 2
The Long Road to Health and Prosperity, Southern Sweden, 1765-2015. Research Contributions From the Scanian Economic-Demographic Database (SEDD) 通往健康和繁荣的漫长道路,瑞典南部,1765-2015。来自Scanian经济人口数据库(SEDD)的研究贡献
Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.51964/hlcs10941
T. Bengtsson, M. Dribe
The Scanian Economic-Demographic Database (SEDD) at the Centre for Economic Demography (CED), Lund University was built to answer questions derived from previous research using macro data from 1749 onwards. It includes longitudinal micro data for a regional sample of rural, semi-urban, and urban parishes in southern Sweden from 1646 to 1968 for approximately 175,000 individuals. In addition to the data on births, deaths, marriages, and occupations, it includes data on migration, household size, landholdings, taxation, and heights from the 1800s onwards and on income from 1865 onwards. After being linked from 1968 to 2015 to a range of national registers with detailed demographic and socioeconomic information, it includes 825,000 individuals. The richness and wide range of micro data have allowed researchers to follow individuals throughout their lives and across generations, covering extensive periods, and to make comparisons with results from macro data. This research has partly confirmed the established view on long-term changes in living standards and demographics in Sweden but has also brought into question some previously held truths.
隆德大学经济人口学中心的斯堪尼亚经济人口学数据库(SEDD)是为了回答1749年以来使用宏观数据进行的先前研究中提出的问题而建立的。它包括1646年至1968年瑞典南部农村、半城市和城市教区约17.5万人的纵向微观数据。除了出生、死亡、婚姻和职业数据外,它还包括19世纪以来的移民、家庭规模、土地保有量、税收和身高数据,以及1865年以来的收入数据。从1968年到2015年,它与一系列具有详细人口和社会经济信息的国家登记册联系在一起,包括82.5万人。微观数据的丰富性和广泛性使研究人员能够跟踪个人的一生和几代人,涵盖广泛的时期,并与宏观数据的结果进行比较。这项研究在一定程度上证实了瑞典生活水平和人口结构长期变化的既定观点,但也对一些以前持有的真理提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Historical life course studies
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