<p><strong>Study question: </strong>Are women's reproductive factors associated with physical frailty and comprehensive frailty in middle-age and later life?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Early menarche at <13 years, age at menopause <45 years, surgical menopause, experiencing miscarriage and a shorter reproductive period of <35 years were associated with increased odds of frailty, while having two or three children was related to decreased likelihood of frailty.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>Evidence has shown that women are frailer than men in all age groups and across different populations, although women have longer lifespans. Female-specific reproductive factors may be related to risk of frailty in women.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>A population-based cross-sectional study involved 189 898 women from the UK Biobank.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>Frailty phenotype and frailty index were used to assess physical frailty and comprehensive frailty (assessed using 38 health indicators for physical and mental wellbeing), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI between reproductive factors and likelihood of physical frailty and comprehensive frailty. Restricted cubic spline models were used to test the non-linear associations between them. In addition, we examined the combined effect of categorized age at menopause and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on frailty.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>There was a J-shape relationship between age at menarche, reproductive period, and frailty; age at menarche <13 years and >16 years, and reproductive period <35 years or >40 years were all associated with increased odds of frailty. There was a negative linear relationship between menopausal age (either natural or surgical) and odds of frailty. Surgical menopause was associated with 30% higher odds of physical frailty (1.34, 1.27-1.43) and 30% higher odds of comprehensive frailty (1.30, 1.25-1.35). Having two or three children was linked to the lowest likelihood of physical frailty (0.48, 0.38-0.59) and comprehensive frailty (0.72, 0.64-0.81). Experiencing a miscarriage increased the odds of frailty. MHT use was linked to increased odds of physical frailty in women with normal age at natural menopause (after 45 years), while no elevated likelihood was observed in women with early natural menopause taking MHT.</p><p><strong>Limitations reasons for caution: </strong>The reproductive factors were self-reported and the data might be subject to recall bias. We lacked information on the types and initiation time of MHT, could not identify infertile women who later became pregnant, and the number of infertile women may be underestimated. Individuals participating in the UK Biobank are not representative of the general UK population, limiting the generalization of our findings.</p><p><strong>Wider
{"title":"Reproductive factors and their association with physical and comprehensive frailty in middle-aged and older women: a large-scale population-based study.","authors":"Wenting Hao, Qi Wang, Ruihong Yu, Shiva Raj Mishra, Salim S Virani, Nipun Shrestha, Chunying Fu, Dongshan Zhu","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study question: </strong>Are women's reproductive factors associated with physical frailty and comprehensive frailty in middle-age and later life?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Early menarche at <13 years, age at menopause <45 years, surgical menopause, experiencing miscarriage and a shorter reproductive period of <35 years were associated with increased odds of frailty, while having two or three children was related to decreased likelihood of frailty.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>Evidence has shown that women are frailer than men in all age groups and across different populations, although women have longer lifespans. Female-specific reproductive factors may be related to risk of frailty in women.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>A population-based cross-sectional study involved 189 898 women from the UK Biobank.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>Frailty phenotype and frailty index were used to assess physical frailty and comprehensive frailty (assessed using 38 health indicators for physical and mental wellbeing), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI between reproductive factors and likelihood of physical frailty and comprehensive frailty. Restricted cubic spline models were used to test the non-linear associations between them. In addition, we examined the combined effect of categorized age at menopause and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on frailty.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>There was a J-shape relationship between age at menarche, reproductive period, and frailty; age at menarche <13 years and >16 years, and reproductive period <35 years or >40 years were all associated with increased odds of frailty. There was a negative linear relationship between menopausal age (either natural or surgical) and odds of frailty. Surgical menopause was associated with 30% higher odds of physical frailty (1.34, 1.27-1.43) and 30% higher odds of comprehensive frailty (1.30, 1.25-1.35). Having two or three children was linked to the lowest likelihood of physical frailty (0.48, 0.38-0.59) and comprehensive frailty (0.72, 0.64-0.81). Experiencing a miscarriage increased the odds of frailty. MHT use was linked to increased odds of physical frailty in women with normal age at natural menopause (after 45 years), while no elevated likelihood was observed in women with early natural menopause taking MHT.</p><p><strong>Limitations reasons for caution: </strong>The reproductive factors were self-reported and the data might be subject to recall bias. We lacked information on the types and initiation time of MHT, could not identify infertile women who later became pregnant, and the number of infertile women may be underestimated. Individuals participating in the UK Biobank are not representative of the general UK population, limiting the generalization of our findings.</p><p><strong>Wider","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 3","pages":"hoae038"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae034
Jacques Donnez, Marie-Madeleine Dolmans
{"title":"Endometriosis: from iron and macrophages to exosomes. Is the sky clearing?","authors":"Jacques Donnez, Marie-Madeleine Dolmans","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 3","pages":"hoae034"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11189659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae035
Paolo Vercellini, Camilla Erminia Maria Merli, Paola Viganò
{"title":"'There will be blood'<sup>†</sup> A proof of concept for the role of haemorrhagic corpora lutea in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.","authors":"Paolo Vercellini, Camilla Erminia Maria Merli, Paola Viganò","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 3","pages":"hoae035"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11189658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae029
G Condous, B Gerges, I Thomassin-Naggara, C Becker, C Tomassetti, H Krentel, B J van Herendael, M Malzoni, M S Abrao, E Saridogan, J Keckstein, G Hudelist
The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) and International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) group, the European Endometriosis League (EEL), the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE), ESHRE, the International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ISGE), the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) and the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) elected an international, multidisciplinary panel of gynecological surgeons, sonographers, and radiologists, including a steering committee, which searched the literature for relevant articles in order to review the literature and provide evidence-based and clinically relevant statements on the use of imaging techniques for non-invasive diagnosis and classification of pelvic deep endometriosis. Preliminary statements were drafted based on review of the relevant literature. Following two rounds of revisions and voting orchestrated by chairs of the participating societies, consensus statements were finalized. A final version of the document was then resubmitted to the society chairs for approval. Twenty statements were drafted, of which 14 reached strong and three moderate agreement after the first voting round. The remaining three statements were discussed by all members of the steering committee and society chairs and rephrased, followed by an additional round of voting. At the conclusion of the process, 14 statements had strong and five statements moderate agreement, with one statement left in equipoise. This consensus work aims to guide clinicians involved in treating women with suspected endometriosis during patient assessment, counselling, and planning of surgical treatment strategies.
{"title":"Non-invasive imaging techniques for diagnosis of pelvic deep endometriosis and endometriosis classification systems: an International Consensus Statement<sup />.","authors":"G Condous, B Gerges, I Thomassin-Naggara, C Becker, C Tomassetti, H Krentel, B J van Herendael, M Malzoni, M S Abrao, E Saridogan, J Keckstein, G Hudelist","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) and International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) group, the European Endometriosis League (EEL), the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE), ESHRE, the International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ISGE), the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) and the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) elected an international, multidisciplinary panel of gynecological surgeons, sonographers, and radiologists, including a steering committee, which searched the literature for relevant articles in order to review the literature and provide evidence-based and clinically relevant statements on the use of imaging techniques for non-invasive diagnosis and classification of pelvic deep endometriosis. Preliminary statements were drafted based on review of the relevant literature. Following two rounds of revisions and voting orchestrated by chairs of the participating societies, consensus statements were finalized. A final version of the document was then resubmitted to the society chairs for approval. Twenty statements were drafted, of which 14 reached strong and three moderate agreement after the first voting round. The remaining three statements were discussed by all members of the steering committee and society chairs and rephrased, followed by an additional round of voting. At the conclusion of the process, 14 statements had strong and five statements moderate agreement, with one statement left in equipoise. This consensus work aims to guide clinicians involved in treating women with suspected endometriosis during patient assessment, counselling, and planning of surgical treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 3","pages":"hoae029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae036
Prubpreet Chaggar, Tina Tellum, Lucrezia Viola De Braud, Sarah Annie Solangon, Thulasi Setty, Davor Jurkovic
<p><strong>Study question: </strong>Is acute haemoperitoneum that is managed conservatively a precursor of deep endometriosis?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Our study provides evidence to suggest that acute haemoperitoneum may lead to the development of deep endometriosis in a significant proportion of cases.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>A recent pilot study was the first to suggest that acute haemoperitoneum could be a precursor of deep endometriosis. However, the sample size was small, and the follow-up was not standardized owing to unknown rates of clot absorption and development of endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at a single centre over a 31-month period. A required sample size of 30 was calculated using results from a previous study, with a minimum of 15 women each in the groups with and without significant haemoperitoneum (study and control groups, respectively). A total of 59 women were recruited to the study and eight were lost to follow-up. The final sample comprised 51 women, 15 in the study group and 36 in the control group.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>All non-pregnant, premenopausal women aged 18-50 years who consecutively presented to our dedicated gynaecological diagnostic unit with severe acute lower abdominal pain were eligible for this study. We only included women who were clinically stable and were suitable for conservative management. Those with prior history or evidence of endometriosis on their initial ultrasound scan, previous hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy were excluded. Participants had standardized follow-up visits for 6 months, with pelvic ultrasound scans and the British Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy pelvic pain questionnaires completed at each visit. The primary outcome was the sonographically confirmed presence of newly formed endometriosis. Secondary outcomes were the presence and change of pelvic pain symptoms and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL).</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>After completion of follow-up, 7/15 (47%; 95% CI 21.3-71.4%) women presenting with acute haemoperitoneum (study group) developed sonographic evidence of deep endometriosis, compared to 0/36 (0%; 97.5% CI 0.0-9.7%) women in the control group. A ruptured functional haemorrhagic cyst was the most common cause of haemoperitoneum, occurring in 13/15 cases (87%). The time from the initial event to sonographic evidence of endometriosis varied from 2 to 6 months. The EuroQol visual analogue scores were not significantly different at baseline between the groups that developed and did not develop endometriosis [28 (interquartile range (IQR) 15-40, n = 6) vs 56 (IQR 35-75, n = 44), <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.09], while the EuroQol-5D values were lower in the endometriosis group [-0.01 (IQR -0.07 to 0.19, n = 6) vs 0.62 (IQR 0.24-0.73, n = 44), <i>P </i>=<i>
{"title":"Development of deep pelvic endometriosis following acute haemoperitoneum: a prospective ultrasound study.","authors":"Prubpreet Chaggar, Tina Tellum, Lucrezia Viola De Braud, Sarah Annie Solangon, Thulasi Setty, Davor Jurkovic","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study question: </strong>Is acute haemoperitoneum that is managed conservatively a precursor of deep endometriosis?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Our study provides evidence to suggest that acute haemoperitoneum may lead to the development of deep endometriosis in a significant proportion of cases.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>A recent pilot study was the first to suggest that acute haemoperitoneum could be a precursor of deep endometriosis. However, the sample size was small, and the follow-up was not standardized owing to unknown rates of clot absorption and development of endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at a single centre over a 31-month period. A required sample size of 30 was calculated using results from a previous study, with a minimum of 15 women each in the groups with and without significant haemoperitoneum (study and control groups, respectively). A total of 59 women were recruited to the study and eight were lost to follow-up. The final sample comprised 51 women, 15 in the study group and 36 in the control group.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>All non-pregnant, premenopausal women aged 18-50 years who consecutively presented to our dedicated gynaecological diagnostic unit with severe acute lower abdominal pain were eligible for this study. We only included women who were clinically stable and were suitable for conservative management. Those with prior history or evidence of endometriosis on their initial ultrasound scan, previous hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy were excluded. Participants had standardized follow-up visits for 6 months, with pelvic ultrasound scans and the British Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy pelvic pain questionnaires completed at each visit. The primary outcome was the sonographically confirmed presence of newly formed endometriosis. Secondary outcomes were the presence and change of pelvic pain symptoms and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL).</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>After completion of follow-up, 7/15 (47%; 95% CI 21.3-71.4%) women presenting with acute haemoperitoneum (study group) developed sonographic evidence of deep endometriosis, compared to 0/36 (0%; 97.5% CI 0.0-9.7%) women in the control group. A ruptured functional haemorrhagic cyst was the most common cause of haemoperitoneum, occurring in 13/15 cases (87%). The time from the initial event to sonographic evidence of endometriosis varied from 2 to 6 months. The EuroQol visual analogue scores were not significantly different at baseline between the groups that developed and did not develop endometriosis [28 (interquartile range (IQR) 15-40, n = 6) vs 56 (IQR 35-75, n = 44), <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.09], while the EuroQol-5D values were lower in the endometriosis group [-0.01 (IQR -0.07 to 0.19, n = 6) vs 0.62 (IQR 0.24-0.73, n = 44), <i>P </i>=<i>","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 3","pages":"hoae036"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11189661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae028
Jie Hao, Tianyi Li, Manuel Heinzelmann, Elisabeth Moussaud-Lamodière, Filipa Lebre, Kaarel Krjutškov, Anastasios Damdimopoulos, Catarina Arnelo, Karin Pettersson, Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno, Cecilia Lindskog, Majorie van Duursen, Pauliina Damdimopoulou
<p><strong>Study question: </strong>What is the effect of the chemical <i>in vitro</i> activation (cIVA) protocol compared with fragmentation only (Frag, also known as mechanical IVA) on gene expression, follicle activation and growth in human ovarian tissue <i>in vitro</i>?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Although histological assessment shows that cIVA significantly increases follicle survival and growth compared to Frag, both protocols stimulate extensive and nearly identical transcriptomic changes in cultured tissue compared to freshly collected ovarian tissue, including marked changes in energy metabolism and inflammatory responses.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>Treatments based on cIVA of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in ovarian tissue followed by auto-transplantation have been administered to patients with refractory premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and resulted in live births. However, comparable effects with mere tissue fragmentation have been shown, questioning the added value of chemical stimulation that could potentially activate oncogenic responses.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>Fifty-nine ovarian cortical biopsies were obtained from consenting women undergoing elective caesarean section (C-section). The samples were fragmented for culture studies. Half of the fragments were exposed to bpV (HOpic)+740Y-P (Frag+cIVA group) during the first 24 h of culture, while the other half were cultured with medium only (Frag group). Subsequently, both groups were cultured with medium only for an additional 6 days. Tissue and media samples were collected for histological, transcriptomic, steroid hormone, and cytokine/chemokine analyses at various time points.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>Effects on follicles were evaluated by counting and scoring serial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin before and after the 7-day culture. Follicle function was assessed by quantification of steroids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry at different time points. Cytokines and chemokines were measured by multiplex assay. Transcriptomic effects were measured by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the tissue after the initial 24-h culture. Selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence in cultured ovarian tissue as well as in KGN cell (human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line) culture experiments.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>Compared to the Frag group, the Frag+cIVA group exhibited a significantly higher follicle survival rate, increased numbers of secondary follicles, and larger follicle sizes. Additionally, the tissue in the Frag+cIVA group produced less dehydroepiandrosterone compared to Frag. Cytokine measurement showed a strong inflammatory response at the start of the culture in both groups. The RNA-s
{"title":"Effects of chemical <i>in vitro</i> activation versus fragmentation on human ovarian tissue and follicle growth in culture.","authors":"Jie Hao, Tianyi Li, Manuel Heinzelmann, Elisabeth Moussaud-Lamodière, Filipa Lebre, Kaarel Krjutškov, Anastasios Damdimopoulos, Catarina Arnelo, Karin Pettersson, Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno, Cecilia Lindskog, Majorie van Duursen, Pauliina Damdimopoulou","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study question: </strong>What is the effect of the chemical <i>in vitro</i> activation (cIVA) protocol compared with fragmentation only (Frag, also known as mechanical IVA) on gene expression, follicle activation and growth in human ovarian tissue <i>in vitro</i>?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Although histological assessment shows that cIVA significantly increases follicle survival and growth compared to Frag, both protocols stimulate extensive and nearly identical transcriptomic changes in cultured tissue compared to freshly collected ovarian tissue, including marked changes in energy metabolism and inflammatory responses.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>Treatments based on cIVA of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in ovarian tissue followed by auto-transplantation have been administered to patients with refractory premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and resulted in live births. However, comparable effects with mere tissue fragmentation have been shown, questioning the added value of chemical stimulation that could potentially activate oncogenic responses.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>Fifty-nine ovarian cortical biopsies were obtained from consenting women undergoing elective caesarean section (C-section). The samples were fragmented for culture studies. Half of the fragments were exposed to bpV (HOpic)+740Y-P (Frag+cIVA group) during the first 24 h of culture, while the other half were cultured with medium only (Frag group). Subsequently, both groups were cultured with medium only for an additional 6 days. Tissue and media samples were collected for histological, transcriptomic, steroid hormone, and cytokine/chemokine analyses at various time points.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>Effects on follicles were evaluated by counting and scoring serial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin before and after the 7-day culture. Follicle function was assessed by quantification of steroids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry at different time points. Cytokines and chemokines were measured by multiplex assay. Transcriptomic effects were measured by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the tissue after the initial 24-h culture. Selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence in cultured ovarian tissue as well as in KGN cell (human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line) culture experiments.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>Compared to the Frag group, the Frag+cIVA group exhibited a significantly higher follicle survival rate, increased numbers of secondary follicles, and larger follicle sizes. Additionally, the tissue in the Frag+cIVA group produced less dehydroepiandrosterone compared to Frag. Cytokine measurement showed a strong inflammatory response at the start of the culture in both groups. The RNA-s","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 3","pages":"hoae028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11128059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae022
Edgardo Somigliana, Anja Pinborg, Andrew Williams
{"title":"<i>Human Reproduction Open</i>, a wild mustang in the prairie of science.","authors":"Edgardo Somigliana, Anja Pinborg, Andrew Williams","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 2","pages":"hoae022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply: Inaccurate measures of outcomes in the two-sample Mendelian randomization of vitamin D with miscarriage.","authors":"Feng Zhang, Jingtao Huang, Gangting Zhang, Mengyang Dai, Tailang Yin, Chunyu Huang, Jue Liu, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 2","pages":"hoae026"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae025
Qian Yang, Yangbo Sun, Deborah A Lawlor
{"title":"Inaccurate measures of outcomes in the two-sample Mendelian randomization of vitamin D with miscarriage.","authors":"Qian Yang, Yangbo Sun, Deborah A Lawlor","doi":"10.1093/hropen/hoae025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hropen/hoae025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73264,"journal":{"name":"Human reproduction open","volume":"2024 2","pages":"hoae025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae024
Jian Xu, Di Mao, Chunlin Liu, Ling Sun
<p><strong>Study question: </strong>Is SARS-CoV-2 infection in IVF-conceived early pregnancy associated with a higher risk of miscarriage?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during early pregnancy in women conceiving by IVF may not be associated with an increased rate of miscarriage.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>In naturally conceived pregnancies, most findings have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection does not increase the risk of miscarriage, while some studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a higher risk of miscarriage.</p><p><strong>Study design size duration: </strong>A matched retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital-based reproductive medicine center. The infection group included women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before 20 weeks gestation from 6 December 2022 to 10 January 2023. Each infected woman was matched with three historical control subjects from 1 January 2018 to 31 May 2022.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials setting methods: </strong>The infection group was matched with historical control subjects based on female age (±1 year), number of gestational sacs, number of previous miscarriages, BMI (±2 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>), main causes of infertility, gestational week, and fresh versus frozen embryo transfer.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>A total of 150 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 before 20 weeks of gestation were included in the infection group, which was matched at a 3:1 ratio with 450 historically pregnant controls. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, and endometrial thickness between the two groups. The overall incidence of miscarriage was not significantly different between the infection group and the control group (4.7% versus 5.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.68). When the infection group was stratified into three subgroups based on the gestational age at the onset of infection (0-7 + 6, 8-11 + 6, and 12-19 + 6 weeks), no significant differences were observed in the incidence of miscarriage between the infection group and the matched control group in any of the subgroups (9.8% versus 13.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.60; 5.4% versus 4.5%, <i>P</i> = 1.00; and 1.4% versus 1.9%, <i>P</i> = 1.00, respectively).</p><p><strong>Limitations reasons for caution: </strong>The major limitation of this study is the relatively small sample size; therefore, caution is suggested when drawing any definitive conclusions. Nonetheless, our study is the largest sample study of the influence of COVID-19 infection on the miscarriage rate in early pregnancy after IVF.</p><p><strong>Wider implications of the findings: </strong>Our findings may provide important insights for reproductive physicians and obstetricians during preconception and early pregnancy counseling.</p><p><strong>Study funding/competing interests: </strong>This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2023A15
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