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Process Intensification in the Manufacturing of Biotherapeutics 生物治疗药物生产中的工艺强化
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2377(22)x0002-1
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引用次数: 0
A Modeling Study for Moisture Diffusivities and Moisture Transfer Coefficients in Drying of “Violet de Galmi” Onion Drying “紫加尔米”洋葱干燥过程中水分扩散系数和水分传递系数的模拟研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.123013
A. Compaoré, S. Ouoba, Kondia Honoré Ouoba, M. Simo-Tagne, Y. Rogaume, C. Ahouannou, A. Dissa, A. Béré, J. Koulidiati
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引用次数: 1
Thermal Pyrolysis of Waste Disposable Plastic Syringes and Pyrolysis Thermodynamics 废弃一次性塑料注射器的热热解及热解热力学
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.122008
A. Koç
In this study, the convertibility of disposable plastic waste injectors made of HDPE and PP plastics into valuable chemical products by thermal pyrolysis was investigated. While PP plastic wastes were decomposed in the temperature range of 400˚C - 445˚C, HDPE plastic wastes were decomposed in the higher temperature range (430˚C - 475˚C). Although the physical appearance of the liquid products obtained in the thermal decomposition of PP plastic wastes are lighter in color and fluid, it has been observed that the liquid decomposition products of HDPE plastic wastes have a more dense and viscous structure. By using the first-order kinetic model, kinetic expressions for both plastic wastes were derived, reaction rate constants, k, and activation energy, E act , and thermodynamic quantities such as reaction enthalpy, ∆H ≠ , reaction entropy, ∆S ≠ ve and Gibbs free energy, ∆G ≠ were calculated. In the thermal pyrolysis of PP and HDPE plastic wastes, E act , ∆H ≠ , ∆G ≠ , ∆S ≠ values are 162.30 kJ/mol, 156.52 kJ/mol, 219.50 kJ/mol, −87.71 J/molK, and 201.80 kJ/mol, 195.77 kJ/mol, and 229.14 kJ/mol, −46.48 J/molK, respectively. These thermodynamic quantities calculated for both plastic wastes show that the pyrolytic decomposition studies carried out in an inert gas atmosphere have endothermic reaction behavior.
本研究研究了HDPE和PP塑料制成的一次性塑料废注射器通过热裂解转化为有价值的化工产品。PP塑料废弃物在400℃~ 445℃的温度范围内分解,HDPE塑料废弃物在430℃~ 475℃的温度范围内分解。虽然PP塑料废弃物热分解得到的液态产物的物理外观颜色较浅,流体性较好,但观察到HDPE塑料废弃物的液态分解产物具有更致密、更粘稠的结构。利用一级动力学模型,推导了两种塑料废弃物的动力学表达式,计算了反应速率常数k和活化能E行为,以及反应焓∆H≠、反应熵∆S≠ve和吉布斯自由能∆G≠等热力学量。在PP和HDPE塑料废弃物热热解过程中,E行为、∆H≠、∆G≠、∆S≠值分别为162.30 kJ/mol、156.52 kJ/mol、219.50 kJ/mol、−87.71 J/molK和201.80 kJ/mol、195.77 kJ/mol、229.14 kJ/mol、−46.48 J/molK。对这两种塑料废物计算的热力学量表明,在惰性气体气氛中进行的热解分解研究具有吸热反应行为。
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引用次数: 0
The Signatures of Acid Concentration on the Optical Band Gap and Associated Band Tails of Chitosan from Shrimp for Application in Optoelectronic Devices 酸浓度在虾壳聚糖光学带隙和带尾上的特征及其在光电器件中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.121001
Edwin Atego, John Agumba, G. Barasa
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引用次数: 0
Calibration of Hydrogen Peroxide Vapour Sensor 过氧化氢蒸气传感器的校正
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.123012
Aateqah Zaib, Syeda Sabera Begum
Hydrogen Peroxide vapour is becoming more popular to use as a method of decontamination, particularly for medical equipment and enclosures. It is highly effective in terms of microbiological kill rates and has a variety of uses in healthcare. Although it is environmentally acceptable as it spontaneously de-composes into water and oxygen, concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the air needs to be monitored and controlled. A method of calibrating hydrogen peroxide vapor sensors is described which is based on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in saturated vapour over a solution in water at a defined temperature. The saturated vapour is generated by bubbling dry air into a solution of hydrogen peroxide at a defined concentration and temperature. A vapour at a concentration of 0.7 ppm was produced and used to successfully calibrate a hydrogen peroxide sensor.
过氧化氢蒸汽作为一种去污方法越来越受欢迎,特别是用于医疗设备和外壳。它在微生物杀灭率方面非常有效,在医疗保健中有多种用途。虽然它在环境上是可以接受的,因为它可以自发地分解成水和氧气,但空气中过氧化氢的浓度需要监测和控制。描述了一种校准过氧化氢蒸汽传感器的方法,该方法基于饱和蒸汽中过氧化氢在规定温度下的水溶液中的浓度。饱和蒸汽是通过将干燥空气泡入一定浓度和温度的过氧化氢溶液中产生的。产生了浓度为0.7 ppm的蒸汽,并成功地校准了过氧化氢传感器。
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引用次数: 0
Practical Method for Designing Gas Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition 设计原子层沉积气体条件的实用方法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.124014
Linsheng Xie, Hitoshi Habuka, H. Ushikawa
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Non-Selective Catalyst Reduction Performance with Dedicated Exhaust Gas Recirculation 专用尾气再循环非选择性催化剂还原性能分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.122009
Chris A. Van Roekel, D. Montgomery, J. Singh, D. Olsen
Rich burn industrial natural gas engines offer best in class post catalyst emissions by using a non-selective catalyst reduction aftertreatment technology. However, they operate with reduced power density when compared to lean burn engines. Dedicated exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) offers a possible pathway for rich burn engines to use non-selective catalyst reduction aftertreatment technology without sacrificing power density. In order to achieve best in class post catalyst emissions, the precious metals and washcoat of a non-selective catalyst must be designed according to the expected exhaust composition of an engine. In this work, a rich burn industrial natural gas engine operating with dedicated EGR was paired with a commercially available non-selective catalyst. At rated brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) the air-fuel ratio was swept between rich and lean conditions to compare the catalyst reduction efficiency and post catalyst emissions of rich burn and dedicated EGR combustion. It was found that due to low oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions across the entire air-fuel ratio range, dedicated EGR offers a much larger range of air-fuel ratios where low regulated emissions can be met. Low engine out NO x also points towards a possibility of using an oxidation catalyst rather than a non-selective catalyst for dedicated EGR applications. The location of the NO x -CO tradeoff was shifted to more rich conditions using dedicated EGR.
富燃工业天然气发动机通过使用非选择性催化剂还原后处理技术,提供一流的后催化剂排放。然而,与精益燃烧发动机相比,它们的功率密度更低。专用废气再循环(EGR)为富燃发动机在不牺牲功率密度的情况下采用非选择性催化剂还原后处理技术提供了可能的途径。为了达到同类最佳的催化后排放,必须根据发动机预期的排气成分设计非选择性催化剂的贵金属和涂层。在这项工作中,使用专用EGR的富燃工业天然气发动机与市售的非选择性催化剂配对。在额定制动平均有效压力(BMEP)下,在富燃和贫燃条件下扫空比,比较富燃和专用EGR燃烧的催化剂还原效率和催化剂后排放。研究发现,由于在整个空燃比范围内的氮氧化物(NO x)排放量较低,专用EGR提供了更大范围的空燃比,从而可以满足低管制排放。低发动机输出nox也指向了在专用EGR应用中使用氧化催化剂而不是非选择性催化剂的可能性。使用专用EGR将nox -CO权衡的位置转移到更丰富的条件下。
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引用次数: 2
The Technology of Green Chemistry and Its Function in Redox Response and: Environmentally Friendly Technology for Sustainable Development: Assessment of Recent Findings 绿色化学技术及其在氧化还原反应中的作用和可持续发展的环境友好技术:最近研究成果的评价
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.123010
Meselu Eskezia Ayalew, T. S. A. Jeevan
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引用次数: 1
Performance Evaluation of Ionic Liquids Using Numerical Simulation 离子液体性能的数值模拟评价
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.123011
Mostafa Elaghoury, Ali Alarbah, E. Shirif, Na Jia
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引用次数: 0
Compositionally Driven Viscometric Behaviors of Poly (Alkyl Methacrylates) in Lubricating Oils 聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯在润滑油中的组分驱动粘度行为
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.122006
Reid Patterson, Christopher R. Kabb, David M. Nickerson, E. Pashkovski
Viscosity index (VI) and shear stability index (SSI) are standard methods used in the lubricant industry to determine temperature-viscosity dependen-cy and resistance to product degradation, respectively. A variety of oil-soluble polymers, including poly(alkyl methacrylates) (PAMAs) are routinely used to control these properties in fully-formulated liquid lubricants. In this report, we use reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to precisely target identical degrees of polymerization in a family of PAMAs with varying lauryl, hexyl, butyl, ethyl, and methyl groups. Then, ex-panding on previous methodology reported in the literature, we establish structure property relationships for these PAMAs, specifically looking at how intrinsic viscosity [η] and Martin interaction parameters K M relate to VI and SSI characteristics. While the intrinsic viscosity [η] is associated with the volume of macromolecules at infinite dilution, the parameter K M reflects the hydrodynamic interactions of polymer chains at actual polymer concentrations in lubricating oils. In this paper, we show that the dependence of VI on the non-dimensional concentration c/c* (or c[η]) can be presented in a form of master curve with shift factors proportional to K M that decreases with increasing size of alkyl groups. This finding implies that even in the dilute regime, the coil-expansion theory used to explain the effect of macromolecules on VI should be complemented with the idea of hydrodynamic interactions between polymer molecules that can be controlled by the choice of alkyl chains in the family of PAMAs.
粘度指数(VI)和剪切稳定性指数(SSI)分别是润滑油行业中用于确定温度粘度依赖性和产品降解性的标准方法。各种油溶性聚合物,包括聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯(PAMAs),通常用于控制全配方液体润滑剂的这些特性。在本报告中,我们使用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合来精确地针对具有不同月桂基、己基、丁基、乙基和甲基的PAMAs家族的相同聚合度。然后,在先前文献中报道的方法的基础上,我们建立了这些PAMAs的结构性质关系,特别是研究了特性粘度[η]和马丁相互作用参数K M与VI和SSI特性的关系。特性粘度[η]与无限稀释时大分子的体积有关,而参数K M反映了润滑油中实际聚合物浓度下聚合物链的流体动力学相互作用。在本文中,我们证明了VI对无量纲浓度c/c*(或c[η])的依赖关系可以用与K M成正比的移位因子的主曲线形式来表示,移位因子随烷基大小的增加而减小。这一发现意味着,即使在稀释状态下,用于解释大分子对VI的影响的线圈膨胀理论也应该与聚合物分子之间的流体动力学相互作用的想法相补充,这种相互作用可以通过选择PAMAs家族中的烷基链来控制。
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引用次数: 0
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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science
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