International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease最新文献_第6页

A detailed profiling study from the national Australian Congenital Heart Disease registry: rationale and design 来自澳大利亚国家先天性心脏病登记处的详细分析研究：基本原理和设计

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100595

Tanya Badal , Calum Nicholson , Julian Ayer , Michael Cheung , Leeanne Grigg , David S. Celermajer , Geoff Strange

Background

Previous research has outlined significant gaps in the care of children and adults with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). The Australian Study of the Burden and Outcomes of CHD will assess medical, psychological, social and economic issues affecting CHD patients and carers and provide a detailed account of CHD patients’ healthcare utilisation.

Methods

A random sample of patients aged ≥5 years, equally split between genders, CHD complexity (mild, moderate, severe) and rural and remote locations (20–25%) was extracted from the National Australian CHD Registry (n = 68,214) from four large participating CHD centres (2 adult and 2 child). Patients and their carers were invited to participate in an in-person study visit for physical assessment and for a series of surveys questioning physical and mental health, neurodevelopment, and quality of life.

Results

Of 6,726 contacted patients, 1,911 (28%) consented, with 99.5% of surveys completed online. 1,658 consented participants completed at least one study activity (87% response rate). Proxies/carers completed surveys for 11% of participants (primarily those under age 8 or with intellectual disability). All study activities were completed by 750 respondents (45%). Respondents were older (median age 24 [IQR 12–41 years] vs 18 [IQR 11–35 years], p = 0.005) and had a higher proportion of severe CHD (28%) compared to non-respondents (23%). No significant differences in disease complexity were observed between respondents and non-respondents.

Conclusion

This multi-site study of over 1600 CHD patients aims to offer the first comprehensive profiling of the burdens and outcomes faced by Australia's growing CHD population.

背景先前的研究概述了先天性心脏病（CHD）儿童和成人护理方面的重大差距。澳大利亚冠心病负担和结果研究将评估影响冠心病患者和护理人员的医疗、心理、社会和经济问题，并提供冠心病患者医疗保健利用的详细说明。方法随机抽取年龄≥5岁、性别、冠心病复杂程度（轻度、中度、重度）、农村和偏远地区（20-25%）的患者样本，这些患者来自澳大利亚国家冠心病登记处（n = 68214） 4个大型参与冠心病中心（2个成人和2个儿童）。患者和他们的护理人员被邀请参加一次面对面的研究访问，以进行身体评估，并进行一系列关于身心健康、神经发育和生活质量的调查。结果在6726名接触的患者中，1911名（28%）同意，其中99.5%的调查是在线完成的。1,658名同意的参与者完成了至少一项研究活动（87%的响应率）。代理/护理人员为11%的参与者（主要是8岁以下或有智力残疾的参与者）完成了调查。所有研究活动由750名受访者（45%）完成。受访者年龄较大（中位年龄24岁[IQR 12-41岁]对18岁[IQR 11-35岁]，p = 0.005），严重冠心病的比例（28%）高于非受访者（23%）。调查对象和非调查对象在疾病复杂性方面没有显著差异。这项涉及1600多名冠心病患者的多中心研究旨在首次全面分析澳大利亚不断增长的冠心病患者所面临的负担和结果。

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach to determining pulmonary valve replacement timing in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients 一种确定修复法洛四联症患者肺瓣膜置换术时机的新方法

IF 1.2 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100597

Laura Delaney , Andrew Browne , Gruschen R. Veldtman , Sihong Huang

Background

Here we propose a novel approach to determine a patient-specific optimal time for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) based on a mathematical technique known as optimal stopping theory.

Methods

We outline, in a theoretical framework, how we would apply the proposed timing rule for PVR in patients with rTOF. We define each of the model input variables specific to PVR, and we describe how the model can be assessed for its suitability for use in clinical practice to guide timing of PVR in patients with rTOF.

Results

In this manuscript we demonstrate, for the first time, an application of a timing rule derived from a mathematical technique known as optimal stopping theory to determine the optimal time to perform PVR in patients with rTOF. Using the technique, we derive two patient-specific-thresholds on clinical status based on patient specific risk factors. PVR is recommended if at the time of assessment, a patient's clinical status lies between the thresholds. Otherwise, they are either too well or too unwell to undergo PVR.

Conclusions

Current clinical practice guidelines for timing of PVR in patients with rTOF remains flawed and has since been challenged. We believe the timing rule is a suitable approach to complement current medical guidelines on when to perform PVR in patients with rTOF on a patient-specific level. To determine its suitability for generalized application in clinical practice, we intent to validate it retrospectively using large clinical cohort(s) who have undergone PVR for rTOF.

在此，我们提出了一种新的方法来确定修复法洛四联症（rTOF）患者肺瓣膜置换术（PVR）的患者特异性最佳时间，该方法基于一种称为最佳停止理论的数学技术。方法在一个理论框架中，我们概述了我们如何在rTOF患者中应用所提出的PVR时间规则。我们定义了每个特定于PVR的模型输入变量，并描述了如何评估该模型在临床实践中用于指导rTOF患者PVR时机的适用性。结果在这篇论文中，我们首次证明了从称为最佳停止理论的数学技术中导出的时间规则的应用，以确定rTOF患者进行PVR的最佳时间。使用该技术，我们根据患者特定的风险因素得出两个患者特定的临床状态阈值。如果在评估时，患者的临床状态处于阈值之间，则建议进行PVR。否则，他们要么太好，要么太不舒服，不能接受PVR。结论：目前关于rTOF患者PVR时机的临床实践指南仍然存在缺陷，并且一直受到挑战。我们认为时间规则是一种合适的方法来补充当前的医学指南，即何时在患者特异性水平上对rTOF患者进行PVR。为了确定其在临床实践中广泛应用的适用性，我们打算使用大型临床队列进行回顾性验证，这些队列接受了PVR治疗rTOF。

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引用次数: 0

Pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment. A new era 肺动脉高压治疗。新时代

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100594

Sophia Anastasia Mouratoglou , Alexandra Arvanitaki , George Papadopoulos , Rogerio Souza , George Giannakoulas

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening condition characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Advances in the understanding of PAH pathophysiology have driven the development of targeted therapies that improve functional capacity, quality of life and survival. The current treatment paradigm emphasizes early and aggressive therapy, with combination therapy now considered standard of care, offering superior outcomes compared to monotherapy. Herewith, we examine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of PAH and explore the modes of action and clinical efficacy of major therapeutic classes, providing a comprehensive overview of contemporary treatment strategies.

肺动脉高压（PAH）是一种进行性和危及生命的疾病，其特征是肺血管阻力升高，最终导致右心衰和死亡。对多环芳烃病理生理学的理解的进步推动了靶向治疗的发展，这些治疗可以改善功能能力、生活质量和生存率。目前的治疗模式强调早期和积极的治疗，与单一治疗相比，联合治疗现在被认为是标准治疗，提供了更好的结果。在此，我们研究了多环芳烃的潜在病理生理机制，并探讨了主要治疗类别的作用模式和临床疗效，提供了当代治疗策略的全面概述。

引用次数: 0

The PAH patient's perspective PAH患者的观点

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100596

Daniel A. Jeffery , Wendy Gin-Sing , Radwa Bedair , Luke S. Howard

Pulmonary Hypertension is a serious condition which can occur in adults living with congenital heart disease. Due to advances in the care of patients with congenital heart disease, patients are living longer with the condition. Unfortunately, patients living with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension associated with Congenital Heart Disease (PAH-CHD) face a number of different issues directly related to their condition, which range from physical limitations and uncertainty over their diagnosis, which in some cases cause significant depression and anxiety, to impact on their relationships with friends and family, financial challenges and family planning.

In this article, we interview two patients living with PAH-CHD and discuss the numerous issues that patients may face as a direct result of their condition.

肺动脉高压是一种严重的疾病，可能发生在患有先天性心脏病的成年人身上。由于对先天性心脏病患者护理的进步，患有这种疾病的患者寿命更长。不幸的是，与先天性心脏病（PAH-CHD）相关的肺动脉高压患者面临着许多与其病情直接相关的不同问题，包括身体限制和诊断的不确定性，在某些情况下会导致严重的抑郁和焦虑，影响他们与朋友和家人的关系，财务挑战和计划生育。在这篇文章中，我们采访了两名患有PAH-CHD的患者，并讨论了患者可能面临的许多问题，这些问题是他们的病情的直接结果。

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of prosthetic dysfunction in the diagnosis of endocarditis associated to prosthetic pulmonary valve and pulmonary conduit 假体功能障碍在假体肺瓣膜及肺导管相关心内膜炎诊断中的价值评价

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100591

Andrés Cano Pérez , Larraitz Orive Melero , Jose Félix Larrea Egurbide , Jagoba Larrazábal López , Luis Fernández González , Roberto Blanco Mata , Josune Arriola Meabe , Leire Artiñano Mendizábal , Ane Josune Goikoetxea Agirre , María José Blanco Vidal , Javier Ayala Curiel , Pedro María Montes Orbe

Introduction

The number of cases of infective endocarditis associated to prosthetic pulmonary valves and pulmonary conduits (PPVIE) is likely to increase in the future. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) presents challenges in visualizing lesions suggestive of endocarditis in these patients. However, TTE may provide additional findings, such as prosthetic dysfunction, which can guide the diagnosis of this condition. The main objective of this study is to analyze prosthetic pulmonary valve dysfunction as an echocardiographic manifestation of PPVIE.

Methods

All cases of PPVIE (definite and possible, according to the modified Duke criteria) at Cruces University Hospital (Baracaldo, Spain) between January 2014 and July 2024 were included. Prosthetic dysfunction was defined as a peak transvalvular gradient (PTG) ≥25 mmHg for homografts and ≥40 mmHg for prosthetic pulmonary valves and bovine pulmonary conduits (stenosis) and/or pulmonary regurgitation (PR) moderate or severe. Number of cases of prosthetic dysfunction between the PPVIE episode and prior to the episode were compared. We analyzed the mechanisms of prosthetic dysfunction in the PPVIE episode.

Results

14 cases of PPVIE were identified. In cases prior to the PPVIE episode, 42.9 % had prosthetic dysfunction, while in the PPVIE episode, 92.3 % had prosthetic dysfunction. Stenosis was a more frequent cause of valve dysfunction than PR.

Conclusions

Prosthetic dysfunction (due to stenosis or regurgitation) is a relevant finding in the diagnosis of PPVIE in cases where lesions suggestive of endocarditis are not visualised. Although not included in the Duke criteria, stenosis is a more frequent mechanism of dysfunction than PR.

感染性心内膜炎与假肺瓣膜和肺导管（PPVIE）相关的病例数在未来可能会增加。在这些患者中，经胸超声心动图（TTE）在显示提示心内膜炎的病变方面提出了挑战。然而，TTE可能提供额外的发现，如假体功能障碍，这可以指导这种情况的诊断。本研究的主要目的是分析人工肺瓣膜功能障碍作为PPVIE的超声心动图表现。方法收集2014年1月至2024年7月在西班牙克鲁塞大学医院（Baracaldo, Spain）就诊的所有PPVIE病例（确诊和可能符合Duke标准）。假体功能障碍定义为同种移植物的峰值经瓣梯度(PTG)≥25 mmHg，假体肺瓣膜和牛肺导管（狭窄）和/或肺反流(PR)≥40 mmHg，中度或重度。比较PPVIE发作前后假体功能障碍的病例数。我们分析了PPVIE发作中假体功能障碍的机制。结果共鉴定出PPVIE 14例。在PPVIE发作之前的病例中，42.9%的患者有假体功能障碍，而在PPVIE发作期间，92.3%的患者有假体功能障碍。瓣膜狭窄是瓣膜功能障碍更常见的原因。结论在未见心内膜炎病变的情况下，假体功能障碍（由狭窄或反流引起）是诊断PPVIE的一个相关发现。虽然没有包括在Duke标准中，但狭窄是比PR更常见的功能障碍机制。

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引用次数: 0

Overcoming borders: International cooperation in re-use and re-interpretation of omics data in Fontan circulation 跨越国界：方坛流通中组学数据再利用与再解释的国际合作

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100590

Miriam Michel , David Renaud , Benjamin Kelly , Ismael Z. Assi , Liming Pei , Alexander R. Opotowsky

引用次数: 0

Endothelial dysfunction in single ventricle physiology and the Fontan circulation – What lies ahead 单心室生理学和Fontan循环中的内皮功能障碍-未来的前景

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100589

Raksheeth Agarwal , Louise E. Coats , Ali N. Zaidi

Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by a vasoconstricted, pro-coagulative, and pro-inflammatory phenotype and is known to play a role in several chronic non-communicable diseases. Several biophysical and biochemical markers have been developed to assess endothelial function clinically. Its relevance in individuals born with single-ventricle congenital heart disease (SV-CHD) is increasingly recognized. Endothelial dysfunction has been observed in all stages of palliation in SV-CHD patients. Several mechanisms possibly contribute, including genetic factors, hypoxia, loss of pulsatility of blood flow, neurohormonal and sympathetic overactivation, and oxidative stress. Clinically, it possibly contributes to impaired pulmonary flow, exercise limitation, thromboembolisms, liver dysfunction, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Based on this information, several therapeutic targets have been proposed such as early surgical and exercise interventions, pulmonary vasodilators, and other common pharmacological agents. However, much remains unknown and future studies must unravel the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with this complex patient group, ultimately improving their clinical care.

内皮功能障碍的特点是血管收缩、促凝和促炎表型，已知在几种慢性非传染性疾病中发挥作用。一些生物物理和生化标志物已经被开发出来用于临床评估内皮功能。它与出生时患有单心室先天性心脏病（SV-CHD）的个体的相关性越来越被认识到。在SV-CHD患者的所有缓解阶段都观察到内皮功能障碍。可能有几种机制起作用，包括遗传因素、缺氧、血流脉搏丧失、神经激素和交感神经过度激活以及氧化应激。在临床上，它可能导致肺血流受损、运动受限、血栓栓塞、肝功能障碍和不良妊娠结局。基于这些信息，提出了几种治疗靶点，如早期手术和运动干预、肺血管扩张剂和其他常用药物。然而，仍有许多未知的，未来的研究必须揭示内皮功能障碍与这一复杂患者群体的关系，最终改善他们的临床护理。

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引用次数: 0

Percutaneous repair of biatrial drainage of the right superior vena cava using a covered stent 有盖支架经皮修复右上腔静脉双房引流

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100587

Samuel L. Casella , Sangeeta Shah

Biatrial drainage of the right superior vena cava (RSVC) is a rare anomaly of the cavo-pulmonary venous confluence which may lead to chronic cyanosis, stroke and cerebral abscess. Historical corrections have been limited to open surgical repair. We describe an adult patient with biatrial drainage of the RSVC with chronic cyanosis who underwent successful percutaneous correction using a covered stent.

右上腔静脉双房引流是一种罕见的腔静脉-肺静脉汇合处异常，可导致慢性紫绀、中风和脑脓肿。历史上的纠正仅限于开放性手术修复。我们描述了一个成人患者双心房引流的RSVC慢性发绀谁接受成功的经皮矫正使用覆盖支架。

引用次数: 0

Physical activity and weight are important predictors of health related quality of life in adults with congenital heart disease 体力活动和体重是成人先天性心脏病患者健康相关生活质量的重要预测指标

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100588

Constance G. Weismann , Frishta Jafar , Joanna Hlebowicz

Introduction

Traditional cardiovascular risk factors put patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) at increased risk for acquired cardiovascular disease and mortality – more so than patients without CHD. In the general population, health related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with regular physical activity. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the most important predictors of HRQoL in adults with CHD (ACHD).

Methods

This is a registry study using single center data collected between 2004 and 2022. Data include demographic data such as age and sex, body mass index (BMI) type of CHD, prior surgeries, physical activity and HRQoL using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. CHD severity was classified based on European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria. The cohort was divided based on self-reported levels of physical activity.

Results

A total of 2469 patients were included in this study. 878 (25.6 %) patients had mild, 1151 (46.9 %) moderate and 329 (13.3 %) severe CHD. Patients with severe CHD had a lower BMI, HRQoL and were less physically active than those with mild-moderate CHD. Conversely, patients who were not doing regular exercise were significantly older, were more likely to be female, had a higher BMI, and had a lower HRQoL than their physically active peers. In a logistic regression model, physical activity was the most important predictor of a perfect HRQoL score in all five domains, especially if performed for ≥3 h/week (Odds ratios (OR) 2.1–7.5, all p < 0.001). In patients with severe CHD, HRQoL was disproportionately increased with even little exercise. Other important predictors of perfect HRQoL were younger age (OR 0.99, p < 0.001), male sex (OR 1.58, p < 0.001), mild-moderate CHD (OR 1.59, p < 0.001) and being of normal/overweight (OR 1.44, p < 0.001). Patients with underweight or obesity had a higher HRQoL only if execrising ≥3 h/week.

Conclusion

Regular physical activity in ACHD patients is associated with better HRQoL. Patients with underweight and obesity alike are also at risk for impaired HRQoL. We suggest that ACHD follow-up visits should include counseling on life-style issues in order to enhance HRQoL and minimize modifiable risk factors for acquired cardiovascular disease.

传统的心血管危险因素使先天性心脏病（CHD）患者患后天性心血管疾病和死亡的风险比非CHD患者更高。在一般人群中，健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）与规律的身体活动有关。本研究的目的是评估成人冠心病（ACHD）患者HRQoL的最重要预测因素。方法采用2004 - 2022年间收集的单中心数据进行注册研究。数据包括人口统计数据，如年龄和性别，体重指数（BMI）冠心病类型，既往手术，身体活动和HRQoL使用EQ-5D-3L问卷。根据欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）标准对冠心病严重程度进行分类。研究对象是根据自我报告的身体活动水平进行划分的。结果共纳入2469例患者。轻度冠心病878例（25.6%），中度冠心病1151例（46.9%），重度冠心病329例（13.3%）。与轻中度冠心病患者相比，重度冠心病患者BMI、HRQoL较低，体力活动较少。相反，不经常锻炼的患者明显年龄更大，更有可能是女性，BMI更高，HRQoL低于积极锻炼的同龄人。在logistic回归模型中，体力活动是所有五个领域HRQoL评分完美的最重要预测因素，特别是如果运动≥3小时/周(比值比（OR） 2.1-7.5，所有p <；0.001)。在严重冠心病患者中，即使很少运动，HRQoL也会不成比例地增加。完美HRQoL的其他重要预测因子为年轻(OR 0.99, p <；0.001)，男性(OR 1.58, p <；0.001)，轻中度冠心病(OR 1.59, p <；0.001)和正常/超重(OR 1.44, p <；0.001)。体重过轻或肥胖的患者只有在运动≥3小时/周时才有较高的HRQoL。结论有规律的体育锻炼可提高ACHD患者的HRQoL。体重过轻和肥胖的患者同样存在HRQoL受损的风险。我们建议ACHD随访应包括生活方式问题的咨询，以提高HRQoL并最大限度地减少获得性心血管疾病的可改变危险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Correlation between Olink and SomaScan proteomics platforms in adults with a Fontan circulation 成人Fontan循环患者中Olink和SomaScan蛋白组学平台的相关性

IF 0.8 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2025.100584

Ismael Z. Assi , Michael J. Landzberg , Kristian C. Becker , David Renaud , Fernando Baraona Reyes , David M. Leone , Mark Benson , Miriam Michel , Robert E. Gerszten , Alexander R. Opotowsky

Background

High-throughput proteomics platforms using aptamers (SomaScan) or proximity extension assay (Olink) provide novel opportunities for improving diagnostic and risk stratification tools in cardiovascular diseases, including understudied congenital heart diseases. The correlation between these proteomics approaches has not yet been studied among individuals with a Fontan circulation.

Objective

The correlation of plasma protein measurements between SomaScan and Olink platforms was evaluated in adults with a Fontan circulation.

Methods

We measured 491 proteins in plasma of 71 adults with a Fontan circulation using Olink and SomaScan. Missing Olink measurements (0.13%, 47/34,861) were imputed using non-parametric imputation. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for absolute values of protein expression between platforms was calculated. Protein correlation frequencies were compared to 3 cohorts reported in the literature using Pearson's Chi-squared test of independence.

Results

Overall, protein correlations between Olink and SomaScan measurements were moderately strong for most proteins, (rho > 0.4 for 57.2%), but with substantial variability (median correlation = 0.457, IQR = 0.538). The distribution of protein correlations was qualitatively similar to published literature in non-Fontan cohorts. Both Olink and SomaScan identified proteins with sex-based differences; both identified differences in myostatin and leptin, but each identified additional nonoverlapping sexually dimorphic proteins (n = 14 Olink, n = 5 SomaScan).

Conclusions

In adults with a Fontan circulation, correlations between plasma proteins measured by Olink and SomaScan varied widely, approximately in line with prior reports in other populations. While these tools may be uniquely useful to generate hypotheses, specifically regarding potential molecular mechanisms, more definitive inference requires independent validation.

使用适体（SomaScan）或邻近扩展测定（Olink）的高通量蛋白质组学平台为改善心血管疾病（包括未充分研究的先天性心脏病）的诊断和风险分层工具提供了新的机会。这些蛋白质组学方法之间的相关性尚未在Fontan循环个体中进行研究。目的评价成人Fontan循环患者血浆蛋白水平与SomaScan和Olink平台的相关性。方法应用Olink和SomaScan检测了71例Fontan循环成人血浆中的491种蛋白。缺失的Olink测量值（0.13%,47/34,861）使用非参数估算。计算平台间蛋白表达绝对值的Spearman秩相关系数。使用Pearson卡方独立性检验将蛋白相关频率与文献中报道的3个队列进行比较。结果总的来说，对于大多数蛋白质，Olink和SomaScan测量之间的蛋白质相关性中等强，(rho >；0.4为57.2%)，但存在显著的可变性（中位相关= 0.457,IQR = 0.538）。在非fontan队列中，蛋白质相关性的分布在质量上与已发表的文献相似。Olink和SomaScan都鉴定出了基于性别差异的蛋白质；两者都发现了肌肉生长抑制素和瘦素的差异，但都发现了额外的非重叠性二态蛋白（n = 14 Olink, n = 5 SomaScan）。结论：在Fontan循环的成年人中，Olink和SomaScan测定的血浆蛋白之间的相关性差异很大，与先前在其他人群中的报道大致一致。虽然这些工具可能是唯一有用的产生假设，特别是关于潜在的分子机制，更明确的推断需要独立的验证。

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引用次数: 0