For many years, research served as the primary pillar behind the growth of medical sciences and provided the scientific community with the tools needed to expand their discoveries. According to a recent survey, students are now unable to follow research tracks owing to financial difficulties, obstacles in finding opportunities, or a lack of enthusiasm in research due to insufficient exposure to medical research in their medical schools. This becomes a worrisome fact since medical school curricula are not giving much importance to research in the training of future medical generations. This editorial tackles these challenges and how to face them.
{"title":"The Importance of Research for the Aspiring Young Scientists","authors":"R. Villela","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v3i1.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v3i1.199","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, research served as the primary pillar behind the growth of medical sciences and provided the scientific community with the tools needed to expand their discoveries. According to a recent survey, students are now unable to follow research tracks owing to financial difficulties, obstacles in finding opportunities, or a lack of enthusiasm in research due to insufficient exposure to medical research in their medical schools. This becomes a worrisome fact since medical school curricula are not giving much importance to research in the training of future medical generations. This editorial tackles these challenges and how to face them. ","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khiami, Hiba Yassine, George Beyrouthy, A. Sayad, J. Mokhbat, R. Farah
Background: Appendicitis is a common acute surgical condition in the pediatric population. With the rise of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many efforts have been made to understand the association of this virus with other disease entities. However, the association of acute appendicitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children has not been well established. Few cases have been described in the literature with different hypotheses attempting to link the two entities. This highlights the need to be aware of such possible associations to achieve proper diagnosis and management and avoid complications. Case Report: In this report, we describe the case of a seven-year-old boy who presented to our institution with uncomplicated appendicitis. The child was found to have SARS-CoV-2 infection on routine hospital testing. His condition deteriorated within hours, and he progressed from uncomplicated to complicated appendicitis. The child underwent surgical management followed by further medical management until he recovered. He had a smooth recovery and experienced no complications. Conclusion: There is still no definite explanation concerning the effect of COVID-19 on appendicitis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of acute appendicitis in the context of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and anticipate a possible progression of the disease course triggered by the virus.
{"title":"Complicated Appendicitis in a Pediatric Patient with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report","authors":"M. Khiami, Hiba Yassine, George Beyrouthy, A. Sayad, J. Mokhbat, R. Farah","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.76","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Appendicitis is a common acute surgical condition in the pediatric population. With the rise of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many efforts have been made to understand the association of this virus with other disease entities. However, the association of acute appendicitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children has not been well established. Few cases have been described in the literature with different hypotheses attempting to link the two entities. This highlights the need to be aware of such possible associations to achieve proper diagnosis and management and avoid complications.\u0000Case Report: In this report, we describe the case of a seven-year-old boy who presented to our institution with uncomplicated appendicitis. The child was found to have SARS-CoV-2 infection on routine hospital testing. His condition deteriorated within hours, and he progressed from uncomplicated to complicated appendicitis. The child underwent surgical management followed by further medical management until he recovered. He had a smooth recovery and experienced no complications.\u0000Conclusion: There is still no definite explanation concerning the effect of COVID-19 on appendicitis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of acute appendicitis in the context of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and anticipate a possible progression of the disease course triggered by the virus.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82977093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Massaad, Said El Orra, Antonella Massaad, Farah Makhour, Monah Orra, Dounia Massaad
Background: Compartment syndrome is a well-known entity, but it is rare in the pediatric population, and its diagnosis is quite challenging. We report a case of an acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the hand, developed after a crushing trauma, in a 14-month-old boy. Case Report: A 14-month-old boy presented to the Emergency Department following a crushing trauma to his right hand. The patient had a progressive swelling of the right hand and agitation. On physical examination, the right hand was tense, swollen, with areas of skin necrosis and blisters, along with increased agitation upon palpation. Laboratory tests revealed elevated white blood cells, creatinine kinase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Radiographic imaging showed deviated diaphyseal fractures in the second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals. A diagnosis of ACS of the hand was made. After draining the blisters, multiple fasciotomies were carried out to all 11 compartments of the hand. The metacarpal fractures were managed conservatively with a wrist splint for one month. A clinical and radiological follow-up after 7 months showed a complete functional recovery of the right hand and consolidation of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal fractures, while the 3rd metacarpal fracture showed pseudoarthrosis. Conclusion: Compartment syndrome of the hand in children is a rare condition, and its clinical picture may differ from that in adults, leading to a misdiagnosis or late diagnosis in many cases. Our case emphasizes the importance of a careful clinical evaluation in children post-trauma to diagnose such a condition.
{"title":"Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Hand in a 14-Month-Old Child: A Case Report","authors":"R. Massaad, Said El Orra, Antonella Massaad, Farah Makhour, Monah Orra, Dounia Massaad","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Compartment syndrome is a well-known entity, but it is rare in the pediatric population, and its diagnosis is quite challenging. We report a case of an acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the hand, developed after a crushing trauma, in a 14-month-old boy.\u0000Case Report: A 14-month-old boy presented to the Emergency Department following a crushing trauma to his right hand. The patient had a progressive swelling of the right hand and agitation. On physical examination, the right hand was tense, swollen, with areas of skin necrosis and blisters, along with increased agitation upon palpation. Laboratory tests revealed elevated white blood cells, creatinine kinase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Radiographic imaging showed deviated diaphyseal fractures in the second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals. A diagnosis of ACS of the hand was made. After draining the blisters, multiple fasciotomies were carried out to all 11 compartments of the hand. The metacarpal fractures were managed conservatively with a wrist splint for one month. A clinical and radiological follow-up after 7 months showed a complete functional recovery of the right hand and consolidation of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal fractures, while the 3rd metacarpal fracture showed pseudoarthrosis.\u0000Conclusion: Compartment syndrome of the hand in children is a rare condition, and its clinical picture may differ from that in adults, leading to a misdiagnosis or late diagnosis in many cases. Our case emphasizes the importance of a careful clinical evaluation in children post-trauma to diagnose such a condition.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77801420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Appendiceal diverticulum (AD) is a rare surgical finding. This entity is classified as either congenital or acquired, with a reported incidence of 0.014% and 0.2-1.7%, respectively. AD can often be associated with acute or chronic appendicitis. Clinically, AD must be identified before any surgical procedure as its concomitant presence with acute or chronic appendicitis increases the risk of perforation and may be associated with underlying neoplasia such as low-grade mucinous adenoma. We hereby report a case of incidental appendiceal diverticulosis associated with acute appendicitis in an attempt to increase the physicians’ perception, knowledge, and awareness of this rare medical condition. Case Presentation: We report a 40-year-old male patient, with no relevant family history, who presented to the Emergency Department after four days of vague and moderate epigastric pain and nausea. The physical examination upon presentation was unremarkable. Computed Tomography (CT) scan was done and was suggestive of an inflamed appendix. The patient underwent an urgent laparoscopic appendectomy. The removed appendix was inflamed and grossly abnormal with multiple diverticulae. The patient had a smooth recovery. Conclusion: Diverticulosis of the appendix is a rare clinical entity and, as in our case, is often diagnosed during or after appendectomy. When associated with acute appendicitis, it may be suspected preoperatively with the appropriate imaging technique. This is of paramount importance as it can rapidly progress to perforation and/or lead to a higher mortality rate.
{"title":"Incidental Appendiceal Diverticulosis Associated with Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Alaa Haydar, Zeina Sawaya, Hussein Kaouk, Assem Elhajj","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Appendiceal diverticulum (AD) is a rare surgical finding. This entity is classified as either congenital or acquired, with a reported incidence of 0.014% and 0.2-1.7%, respectively. AD can often be associated with acute or chronic appendicitis. Clinically, AD must be identified before any surgical procedure as its concomitant presence with acute or chronic appendicitis increases the risk of perforation and may be associated with underlying neoplasia such as low-grade mucinous adenoma. We hereby report a case of incidental appendiceal diverticulosis associated with acute appendicitis in an attempt to increase the physicians’ perception, knowledge, and awareness of this rare medical condition.\u0000Case Presentation: We report a 40-year-old male patient, with no relevant family history, who presented to the Emergency Department after four days of vague and moderate epigastric pain and nausea. The physical examination upon presentation was unremarkable. Computed Tomography (CT) scan was done and was suggestive of an inflamed appendix. The patient underwent an urgent laparoscopic appendectomy. The removed appendix was inflamed and grossly abnormal with multiple diverticulae. The patient had a smooth recovery.\u0000Conclusion: Diverticulosis of the appendix is a rare clinical entity and, as in our case, is often diagnosed during or after appendectomy. When associated with acute appendicitis, it may be suspected preoperatively with the appropriate imaging technique. This is of paramount importance as it can rapidly progress to perforation and/or lead to a higher mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85773096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soad Al Osta, G. Atwi, Nourhan El Ahmar, Noha A. Bejjani, F. Abillama, K. Matli
Background: Mucormycosis is a rare fatal infection caused by a ubiquitous fungus from the order of Mucorales, which can have varying clinical presentations. Immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible to mucormycosis and can suffer fatal consequences if not treated adequately. COVID-19 infection with its immunomodulatory properties has been associated with a wide range of secondary bacterial and fungal infections. We present a case of rapidly progressive rhinocerebral mucormycosis post-COVID-19 infection with the subsequent development of several complications associated with the disease. Case Report: A 62-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II, presented 14 days post-COVID-19 recovery with right facial swelling, erythema, and right eye proptosis. Throughout his disease, the patient developed blindness and cranial nerve palsies. He was also found to have palatal necrotic lesions, consistent with the diagnosis of mucormycosis. The patient’s disease was complicated by Garcin syndrome, meningitis, orbital apex syndrome, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain infarction, and hemorrhage. Despite all measures and interventions, the patient died. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection and its treatments are associated with an increased risk of secondary fungal infections like mucormycosis. As such, a high index of suspicion is needed amongst healthcare workers for the early diagnosis and treatment of such opportunistic infections since prompt treatment is associated with a marked improvement in outcome. Furthermore, optimal glucose control and judicious use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients decreases the risk of developping such life threatening superinfections.
{"title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Associated Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis and Complications: A Case Report","authors":"Soad Al Osta, G. Atwi, Nourhan El Ahmar, Noha A. Bejjani, F. Abillama, K. Matli","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mucormycosis is a rare fatal infection caused by a ubiquitous fungus from the order of Mucorales, which can have varying clinical presentations. Immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible to mucormycosis and can suffer fatal consequences if not treated adequately. COVID-19 infection with its immunomodulatory properties has been associated with a wide range of secondary bacterial and fungal infections. We present a case of rapidly progressive rhinocerebral mucormycosis post-COVID-19 infection with the subsequent development of several complications associated with the disease. Case Report: A 62-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II, presented 14 days post-COVID-19 recovery with right facial swelling, erythema, and right eye proptosis. Throughout his disease, the patient developed blindness and cranial nerve palsies. He was also found to have palatal necrotic lesions, consistent with the diagnosis of mucormycosis. The patient’s disease was complicated by Garcin syndrome, meningitis, orbital apex syndrome, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain infarction, and hemorrhage. Despite all measures and interventions, the patient died. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection and its treatments are associated with an increased risk of secondary fungal infections like mucormycosis. As such, a high index of suspicion is needed amongst healthcare workers for the early diagnosis and treatment of such opportunistic infections since prompt treatment is associated with a marked improvement in outcome. Furthermore, optimal glucose control and judicious use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients decreases the risk of developping such life threatening superinfections.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Paraovarian cysts are benign cysts that develop near the ovaries and fallopian tubes in the pelvic region. They can cause mass effects requiring excision. In rare cases, tumors may develop inside these cysts. These tumors may be benign, malignant, or borderline. Case Report: A 26-year-old lady presented for excision of a paraovarian cyst. Pre-operative imaging showed the presence of few undulating folds at the periphery of the cyst. The patient underwent laparoscopic pelvic cystectomy without intra-operative drainage. Pathological examination of the specimen revealed a borderline serous papillary tumor protruding from the cyst wall. Conclusion: The occurrence of a borderline tumor, also known as a tumor of low malignant potential, in a pre-existing paraovarian cyst is very rare and has only been reported few times in the literature. A thorough review of these cases showed that the most common imaging finding that raises suspicion for a borderline tumor within a paraovarian cyst is the presence of small intracystic projections within the unilocular adnexal cyst. However, since evaluating the presence of an intracystic tumor is not always possible, performing a fertility-preserving laparoscopic cystectomy without cyst content spillage, is recommended. If properly excised, the prognosis of this tumor is good, and recurrence is rare.
{"title":"Borderline Serous Papillary Tumor Arising in a Paraovarian Cyst: A Case Report and an Extensive Review of the Literature","authors":"Tony Haykal, Siham Fleifel, K. Jallad, B. Safadi","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.72","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paraovarian cysts are benign cysts that develop near the ovaries and fallopian tubes in the pelvic region. They can cause mass effects requiring excision. In rare cases, tumors may develop inside these cysts. These tumors may be benign, malignant, or borderline.\u0000Case Report: A 26-year-old lady presented for excision of a paraovarian cyst. Pre-operative imaging showed the presence of few undulating folds at the periphery of the cyst. The patient underwent laparoscopic pelvic cystectomy without intra-operative drainage. Pathological examination of the specimen revealed a borderline serous papillary tumor protruding from the cyst wall.\u0000Conclusion: The occurrence of a borderline tumor, also known as a tumor of low malignant potential, in a pre-existing paraovarian cyst is very rare and has only been reported few times in the literature. A thorough review of these cases showed that the most common imaging finding that raises suspicion for a borderline tumor within a paraovarian cyst is the presence of small intracystic projections within the unilocular adnexal cyst. However, since evaluating the presence of an intracystic tumor is not always possible, performing a fertility-preserving laparoscopic cystectomy without cyst content spillage, is recommended. If properly excised, the prognosis of this tumor is good, and recurrence is rare.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78543750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Whenever the subject of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarctions is discussed, the focus is usually shifted towards biological factors such as smoking, diabetes, or obesity; consequently, the management aims at addressing these factors. This paper approaches the subject from a psychosocial perspective and highlights the importance of these risk factors and their inclusion in CAD screening. Background: CAD is one of the most common diseases worldwide and also one of the leading causes of death in multiple countries. Although we have a proper understanding of its pathogenesis and risk factors, we sometimes tend to overlook the psychological factors that affect the patient both pre- and post-diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to present these underestimated factors and convey their importance. Methods: To accomplish this, an extensive review of the literature was done using PubMed and Google Scholar, and articles were chosen based on the specified keywords. The references of these articles were also screened to identify more related studies and clinical trials. Discussion: This paper is composed of multiple subsections that go over the epidemiology of the disease as well as its pathogenesis and known biological risk factors, before delving into the psychosocial aspects associated with CAD including the effects of depression, anxiety, social support, and sex differences on a patient’s prognosis. Conclusion: CAD is a disease for which the management is through multifactorial interventions. Although the pathogenesis is well understood, there is a clear gap when it comes to appreciating the patients’ mental health when living with this diagnosis. Additionally, it has been shown that there is an increase in morbidity and mortality in the patients struggling on a psychosocial level, thus these factors should be included in the screening process.
{"title":"Coronary Artery Disease and its Psychosocial Risk Factors: A Narrative Review","authors":"Tarek Fatrous","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Whenever the subject of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarctions is discussed, the focus is usually shifted towards biological factors such as smoking, diabetes, or obesity; consequently, the management aims at addressing these factors. This paper approaches the subject from a psychosocial perspective and highlights the importance of these risk factors and their inclusion in CAD screening.\u0000Background: CAD is one of the most common diseases worldwide and also one of the leading causes of death in multiple countries. Although we have a proper understanding of its pathogenesis and risk factors, we sometimes tend to overlook the psychological factors that affect the patient both pre- and post-diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to present these underestimated factors and convey their importance.\u0000Methods: To accomplish this, an extensive review of the literature was done using PubMed and Google Scholar, and articles were chosen based on the specified keywords. The references of these articles were also screened to identify more related studies and clinical trials.\u0000Discussion: This paper is composed of multiple subsections that go over the epidemiology of the disease as well as its pathogenesis and known biological risk factors, before delving into the psychosocial aspects associated with CAD including the effects of depression, anxiety, social support, and sex differences on a patient’s prognosis.\u0000Conclusion: CAD is a disease for which the management is through multifactorial interventions. Although the pathogenesis is well understood, there is a clear gap when it comes to appreciating the patients’ mental health when living with this diagnosis. Additionally, it has been shown that there is an increase in morbidity and mortality in the patients struggling on a psychosocial level, thus these factors should be included in the screening process.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85533394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Noureldine, Georges Chedid, Jad Gerges Harb, W. Nour-Eldine, M. Nour Eldine, M. Noureldine, Dany Abou Abdallah, Nancy Falco Chedid
The different presentations, comorbidities, and outcomes of COVID-19 highlight the importance of early identification and proper triage of patients. High-risk patients can be divided into patients with common comorbidities and patients with special categories. Common comorbidities include, but are not limited to, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), immunosuppression, underlying respiratory disease, and obesity. Certain categories of COVID-19 patients are also at increased risk, including neonates and pregnant women. In the present article, we delineate the reported risk factors for acquisition of infection, and for increased severity of the clinical disease. We also comparatively analyze those risk factors associated with COVID-19 and with the antecedent human acute respiratory syndrome-causing viruses, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. We hypothesize that the structural similarities of the three viruses predict a similarity in the profile of high-risk patients. Several pathophysiological patterns have been detected to support this theory.
{"title":"SARS, MERS, COVID-19: Identification of Patients at a Higher Risk: A Narrative Review","authors":"H. Noureldine, Georges Chedid, Jad Gerges Harb, W. Nour-Eldine, M. Nour Eldine, M. Noureldine, Dany Abou Abdallah, Nancy Falco Chedid","doi":"10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/ijcr.v2i1.47","url":null,"abstract":"The different presentations, comorbidities, and outcomes of COVID-19 highlight the importance of early identification and proper triage of patients. High-risk patients can be divided into patients with common comorbidities and patients with special categories. Common comorbidities include, but are not limited to, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), immunosuppression, underlying respiratory disease, and obesity. Certain categories of COVID-19 patients are also at increased risk, including neonates and pregnant women. In the present article, we delineate the reported risk factors for acquisition of infection, and for increased severity of the clinical disease. We also comparatively analyze those risk factors associated with COVID-19 and with the antecedent human acute respiratory syndrome-causing viruses, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. We hypothesize that the structural similarities of the three viruses predict a similarity in the profile of high-risk patients. Several pathophysiological patterns have been detected to support this theory.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79093233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad K. Moussa, Ali Alayane, Ryan Bou Raad, Ahmad Ghabcha, Zaynab Khalaf, H. Zreik, Y. Zaarour, Oussama Mansour
Background: Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (HMO) is a rare autosomal dominant disease with high penetrance reaching 95 to 100%. It manifests during childhood in most of the times. The spectrum of the disease is wide. It is classified into 2 types depending on the number of cases and the penetrance in the same generation. The most feared complication of this disease is the malignant transformation. Establishing a screening protocol requires the identification of the true prevalence and penetrance of the disease. Case Report: A 17-year-old girl presented with multiple painful lesions in the lower extremities. Physical examination of the patient and her siblings allowed the diagnosis of HMO with incomplete penetrance, and the construction of a pedigree of the family. Surgical treatment was sufficient to control the patient’s symptoms. Conclusion: Being the first case in Lebanon, this report adds more awareness about this rare disease. By increasing awareness, this report can have an impact on the transmission and the number of affected cases in the country. Furthermore, these data, when added to the available evidence worldwide, can be used in the determination of true penetrance of the disease, and the creation of accurate classification and screening protocol.
{"title":"Hereditary Multiple Osteochondroma with Incomplete Penetrance in a Lebanese Family: A Case Report","authors":"Mohammad K. Moussa, Ali Alayane, Ryan Bou Raad, Ahmad Ghabcha, Zaynab Khalaf, H. Zreik, Y. Zaarour, Oussama Mansour","doi":"10.38179/IJCR.V2I1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38179/IJCR.V2I1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (HMO) is a rare autosomal dominant disease with high penetrance reaching 95 to 100%. It manifests during childhood in most of the times. The spectrum of the disease is wide. It is classified into 2 types depending on the number of cases and the penetrance in the same generation. The most feared complication of this disease is the malignant transformation. Establishing a screening protocol requires the identification of the true prevalence and penetrance of the disease.\u0000Case Report: A 17-year-old girl presented with multiple painful lesions in the lower extremities. Physical examination of the patient and her siblings allowed the diagnosis of HMO with incomplete penetrance, and the construction of a pedigree of the family. Surgical treatment was sufficient to control the patient’s symptoms.\u0000Conclusion: Being the first case in Lebanon, this report adds more awareness about this rare disease. By increasing awareness, this report can have an impact on the transmission and the number of affected cases in the country. Furthermore, these data, when added to the available evidence worldwide, can be used in the determination of true penetrance of the disease, and the creation of accurate classification and screening protocol.","PeriodicalId":73437,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical research & trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77136841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Berjawi, Mouhamad Nasser, Wassim Nassreddine, A. Kanj, Abir Kojok, N. Kanj
Background: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. As physicians are on the front line caring for patients’ health, a detailed analysis of their smoking habits and its impact on counseling their patients to quit is warranted. So far, no study in Lebanon has addressed the real prevalence of physicians smoking and its impact on promoting cessation. This study aims to fill this purpose. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using a web-based self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to 4037 Lebanese physicians between November 2015 and February 2016. The questionnaire included 11 questions about basic sociodemographic information (age, gender, work province, specialty), smoking habits and attitude towards smoking cessation. SPSS was used for analysis. The main outcome was to calculate the percentage of physicians that smoke, its relationship to gender and age, and its impact on counseling their patients about smoking cessation. Results: 529 responders were analyzed (13.1% response rate). A high rate of physician ever-smokers was noted at 37% (n=195) whereas the prevalence of current smokers was 13% (n=70).. In addition, there was a difference in the gender of ever-smoking physicians where 47% of males were smokers compared to 20% of females only. Regarding the prevalence of smoking within different specialties, it was noted that 35% (n=74) of internal medicine physicians were ever-smokers compared to approximately 50% (n=51/102) of surgeons. There was a statistically significant difference between former-smokers and current-smokers in regards to how frequently they urge their patients to quit smoking. Conclusion: The high prevalence of smoking among Lebanese physicians is depicted and its negative impact on counseling patients to quit is a serious consequence. This is a major drawback in the fight against tobacco and further awareness may be needed among our future doctors to increase smoking cessation counseling and decrease the burden of smoking in Lebanon and worldwide.
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