Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.12
Aadil Rashid Sheergojri, P. Iqbal, A. M. Ilyas
Cancer cells develop several hallmark changes over the progress of the tumor process. Cell assistance in multicellular organisms is regulated by the division of cell coordination by aggressive growth modulation. In this perspective, the use of molecular indicators triggering cell division is a mystery, because a cancer cell can manipulate any molecule that induces and helps growth, disturbing cellular assistance. An effective alteration proceeding to tumors must develop to be competitive, allowing a cancer cell to pass a signal resulting in better selection chances. The subjective simulation of physiological systems has become increasingly valuable in recent years, and there is now a wide range of mathematical models of signalling pathways that have contributed to some groundbreaking discoveries and hypotheses as to how this system works. Here we discuss various modeling methods and their application to the physiology of medical systems, focusing on the identification of parameters in ordinary differential equation models and their significance for forecasting cellular decisions in network modeling. In situations of global and local cell-to-cell rivalry, we quantify how this mechanism impacts a mutated cell's fixing chance of producing such a signal, and consider that this process will play a vital role in reducing cancer.
{"title":"Cancer Growth Inhibition Using Predictive Mathematical Models of Signaling Pathways","authors":"Aadil Rashid Sheergojri, P. Iqbal, A. M. Ilyas","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer cells develop several hallmark changes over the progress of the tumor process. Cell assistance in multicellular organisms is regulated by the division of cell coordination by aggressive growth modulation. In this perspective, the use of molecular indicators triggering cell division is a mystery, because a cancer cell can manipulate any molecule that induces and helps growth, disturbing cellular assistance. An effective alteration proceeding to tumors must develop to be competitive, allowing a cancer cell to pass a signal resulting in better selection chances. The subjective simulation of physiological systems has become increasingly valuable in recent years, and there is now a wide range of mathematical models of signalling pathways that have contributed to some groundbreaking discoveries and hypotheses as to how this system works. Here we discuss various modeling methods and their application to the physiology of medical systems, focusing on the identification of parameters in ordinary differential equation models and their significance for forecasting cellular decisions in network modeling. In situations of global and local cell-to-cell rivalry, we quantify how this mechanism impacts a mutated cell's fixing chance of producing such a signal, and consider that this process will play a vital role in reducing cancer.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.11
Jason P. Estes, D. Şentürk, Esra Kürüm, Connie M. Rhee, D. Nguyen
Profiling or evaluation of health care providers, including hospitals or dialysis facilities, involves the application of hierarchical regression models to compare each provider’s performance with respect to a patient outcome, such as unplanned 30-day hospital readmission. This is achieved by comparing a specific provider’s estimate of unplanned readmission rate, adjusted for patient case-mix, to a normative standard, typically defined as an “average” national readmission rate across all providers. Profiling is of national importance in the United States because the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) policy for payment to providers is dependent on providers’ performance, which is part of a national strategy to improve delivery and quality of patient care. Novel high dimensional fixed effects (FE) models have been proposed for profiling dialysis facilities and are more focused towards inference on the tail of the distribution of provider outcomes, which is well-suited for the objective of identifying sub-standard (“extreme”) performance. However, the extent to which estimation and inference procedures for FE profiling models are effective when the outcome is sparse and/or when there are relatively few patients within a provider, referred to as the “low information” context, have not been examined. This scenario is common in practice when the patient outcome of interest is cause-specific 30-day readmissions, such as 30-day readmission due to infections in patients on dialysis, which is only about ~ 8% compared to the > 30% for all-cause 30-day readmission. Thus, we examine the feasibility and effectiveness of profiling models under the low information context in simulation studies and propose a novel correction method to FE profiling models to better handle sparse outcome data.
{"title":"Fixed Effects High-Dimensional Profiling Models in Low Information Context","authors":"Jason P. Estes, D. Şentürk, Esra Kürüm, Connie M. Rhee, D. Nguyen","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"Profiling or evaluation of health care providers, including hospitals or dialysis facilities, involves the application of hierarchical regression models to compare each provider’s performance with respect to a patient outcome, such as unplanned 30-day hospital readmission. This is achieved by comparing a specific provider’s estimate of unplanned readmission rate, adjusted for patient case-mix, to a normative standard, typically defined as an “average” national readmission rate across all providers. Profiling is of national importance in the United States because the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) policy for payment to providers is dependent on providers’ performance, which is part of a national strategy to improve delivery and quality of patient care. Novel high dimensional fixed effects (FE) models have been proposed for profiling dialysis facilities and are more focused towards inference on the tail of the distribution of provider outcomes, which is well-suited for the objective of identifying sub-standard (“extreme”) performance. However, the extent to which estimation and inference procedures for FE profiling models are effective when the outcome is sparse and/or when there are relatively few patients within a provider, referred to as the “low information” context, have not been examined. This scenario is common in practice when the patient outcome of interest is cause-specific 30-day readmissions, such as 30-day readmission due to infections in patients on dialysis, which is only about ~ 8% compared to the > 30% for all-cause 30-day readmission. Thus, we examine the feasibility and effectiveness of profiling models under the low information context in simulation studies and propose a novel correction method to FE profiling models to better handle sparse outcome data.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":"10 1","pages":"118 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.08
F. Silva, Post Graduation Program in Basic, A. Leal, R. Koga, E. Alves, J. Lira, Humbelina Alves da Silva, K. Ayala, Paulo Roberto Carneiro Gomes, A. C. T. C. Pereira, D. Vasconcelos
Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), periodontitis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) are multifactorial diseases, one of the factors in the course of these diseases is the rs333 polymorphism in the CC chemokine receptor type five (CCR5) gene. However, the results remain contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the relation between this polymorphism and the aforementioned conditions. Material and Methods: A search in the literature was performed in diverse scientific and medical databases for studies published before June 22, 2020. The data were extracted from the studies and the statistical evaluation was performed by the calculations of statistical heterogeneity (I²), Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI) and publication bias. The values of P<0.05 were considered as significant for all calculations. Results: 19 articles with 21 case/control studies in 4,304 case patients and 3,492 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed a non-significant association among the rs333 polymorphism and IBD (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.91-1.20, P = 0.51), periodontitis (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.64-1.17, P = 0.34) or SLE (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.56-1.80, P = 1.00) under the allelic model or for any other performed calculation. There were no obvious publication bias in the analyses. Conclusion: In conclusion, this current meta-analysis evidenced the non-significant relation among the rs333 polymorphism and the risk of IBD, periodontitis or SLE. Further studies are required to validate our data.
{"title":"Relationship between the rs333 Polymorphism in the CC Chemokine Receptor Type Five (CCR5) Gene and Immunological Disorders: Data from a Meta-Analysis","authors":"F. Silva, Post Graduation Program in Basic, A. Leal, R. Koga, E. Alves, J. Lira, Humbelina Alves da Silva, K. Ayala, Paulo Roberto Carneiro Gomes, A. C. T. C. Pereira, D. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), periodontitis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) are multifactorial diseases, one of the factors in the course of these diseases is the rs333 polymorphism in the CC chemokine receptor type five (CCR5) gene. However, the results remain contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the relation between this polymorphism and the aforementioned conditions. Material and Methods: A search in the literature was performed in diverse scientific and medical databases for studies published before June 22, 2020. The data were extracted from the studies and the statistical evaluation was performed by the calculations of statistical heterogeneity (I²), Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI) and publication bias. The values of P<0.05 were considered as significant for all calculations. Results: 19 articles with 21 case/control studies in 4,304 case patients and 3,492 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed a non-significant association among the rs333 polymorphism and IBD (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.91-1.20, P = 0.51), periodontitis (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.64-1.17, P = 0.34) or SLE (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.56-1.80, P = 1.00) under the allelic model or for any other performed calculation. There were no obvious publication bias in the analyses. Conclusion: In conclusion, this current meta-analysis evidenced the non-significant relation among the rs333 polymorphism and the risk of IBD, periodontitis or SLE. Further studies are required to validate our data.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43085089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.09
K. Sumon, M. Sayem, A. Mamun, P. Bharati, S. Chakrabarty, M. A. Taleb, M. Sabiruzzaman, Md. Golam Hossain
Background: Early marriage and early pregnancy is a social as well as a medical problem in developing countries, which may have an impact on the health and nutritional status of teenage mothers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the influencing factors of early childbearing (ECB) and its consequences on the nutritional status of Bangladeshi mothers. Methods: Data was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2014). Women who delivered their first baby before the age of 20 years are considered ECB mothers. Nutritional status was measured by body mass index (BMI). Chi-square test and both univariable and multivariable logistic regressions, and z-proportional test were used in this study. Results: The prevalence of ECB among currently non-pregnant mothers in Bangladesh was 83%. The logistic regression model provided the following six risk factors of ECB: (i) living location (division) (p<0.01), (ii) respondents’ education (p<0.05), (iii) husbands’ education (p<0.05), (iv) household wealth quintiles (p<0.01), (v) respondents’ age at first marriage (p<0.05), and (vi) number of family members (p<0.05). Still, 17.6% of mothers were undernourished in Bangladesh; among them, 18.5% and 13.4% were ECB and non- ECB mothers respectively. ECB mothers had a greater risk to be undernourished than non-ECB mothers [COR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.11-1.43; p<0.01]. Conclusions: In this study, some modifiable factors were found as predictors of ECB in Bangladesh. ECB mothers were more prone to become under-nourished. These findings can be considered to reduce the number of ECB mothers in Bangladesh consequently improve their nutritional status.
{"title":"Two Level Logistic Regression Model of Factors Influencing in Early Childbearing and its Consequences on Nutritional Status of Bangladeshi Mothers: Nationally Representative Data","authors":"K. Sumon, M. Sayem, A. Mamun, P. Bharati, S. Chakrabarty, M. A. Taleb, M. Sabiruzzaman, Md. Golam Hossain","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early marriage and early pregnancy is a social as well as a medical problem in developing countries, which may have an impact on the health and nutritional status of teenage mothers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the influencing factors of early childbearing (ECB) and its consequences on the nutritional status of Bangladeshi mothers. Methods: Data was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2014). Women who delivered their first baby before the age of 20 years are considered ECB mothers. Nutritional status was measured by body mass index (BMI). Chi-square test and both univariable and multivariable logistic regressions, and z-proportional test were used in this study. Results: The prevalence of ECB among currently non-pregnant mothers in Bangladesh was 83%. The logistic regression model provided the following six risk factors of ECB: (i) living location (division) (p<0.01), (ii) respondents’ education (p<0.05), (iii) husbands’ education (p<0.05), (iv) household wealth quintiles (p<0.01), (v) respondents’ age at first marriage (p<0.05), and (vi) number of family members (p<0.05). Still, 17.6% of mothers were undernourished in Bangladesh; among them, 18.5% and 13.4% were ECB and non- ECB mothers respectively. ECB mothers had a greater risk to be undernourished than non-ECB mothers [COR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.11-1.43; p<0.01]. Conclusions: In this study, some modifiable factors were found as predictors of ECB in Bangladesh. ECB mothers were more prone to become under-nourished. These findings can be considered to reduce the number of ECB mothers in Bangladesh consequently improve their nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42159051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.10
Md Abdul Wadood, Lai Lee Lee, M. Huq, A. Mamun, S. Mohd, Md. Golam Hossain
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread across the world with increasing numbers of confirmed cases and deaths. Due to outbreaks of new variants of the virus and limited treatment options, positive perception and good practice of preventive guidelines have remained essential measures for the prevention of the disease and slowing down its transmission. We aimed to study perception towards COVID-19 and the practice of guidelines for preventing the disease among Bangladeshi adults during the early stage of the rapid rise of the outbreak. Methods: Data was collected data from 320 participants. For measuring their level of practice, we asked a general question: “Are you properly following the WHO-recommended guidelines to avoid COVID-19?” The frequency distribution, Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression model were used in this study. Results: The average risk perception among the participants was 3.05±0.75 (median, 3.00) (95% CI of mean: 2.96-3.13) where the score ranges from 0 (no risk) to 4 (high risk). More than 27% of participants showed high-risk perceptions. Males (p<0.05), high educated (p<0.05), rich (p<0.01), service holders (p<0.05), and younger adults (p<0.05) had higher odds of high-risk perception. More than 71% of participants had a good practice of always following the WHO guidelines to prevent COVID-19 and living locations in urban areas (p<0.01), high education (p<0.01), rich (p<0.01), and joint family (p<0.01) had the most contributions to good practice. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that special attention should be given to rural areas, and individuals of low literacy, education and socioeconomic level to more effectively prevent COVID-19.
{"title":"Perception and Practice of Bangladeshi Adults Towards the Prevention of COVID-19: A Statistical Analysis","authors":"Md Abdul Wadood, Lai Lee Lee, M. Huq, A. Mamun, S. Mohd, Md. Golam Hossain","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread across the world with increasing numbers of confirmed cases and deaths. Due to outbreaks of new variants of the virus and limited treatment options, positive perception and good practice of preventive guidelines have remained essential measures for the prevention of the disease and slowing down its transmission. We aimed to study perception towards COVID-19 and the practice of guidelines for preventing the disease among Bangladeshi adults during the early stage of the rapid rise of the outbreak. Methods: Data was collected data from 320 participants. For measuring their level of practice, we asked a general question: “Are you properly following the WHO-recommended guidelines to avoid COVID-19?” The frequency distribution, Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression model were used in this study. Results: The average risk perception among the participants was 3.05±0.75 (median, 3.00) (95% CI of mean: 2.96-3.13) where the score ranges from 0 (no risk) to 4 (high risk). More than 27% of participants showed high-risk perceptions. Males (p<0.05), high educated (p<0.05), rich (p<0.01), service holders (p<0.05), and younger adults (p<0.05) had higher odds of high-risk perception. More than 71% of participants had a good practice of always following the WHO guidelines to prevent COVID-19 and living locations in urban areas (p<0.01), high education (p<0.01), rich (p<0.01), and joint family (p<0.01) had the most contributions to good practice. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that special attention should be given to rural areas, and individuals of low literacy, education and socioeconomic level to more effectively prevent COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46356300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.07
B. Kedem, Ryan Stauffer, Xuze Zhang, Saumyadipta Pyne
Environmental researchers, as well as epidemiologists, often encounter the problem of determining the probability of exceeding a high threshold of a variable of interest based on observations that are much smaller than the threshold. Moreover, the data available for that task may only be of moderate size. This generic problem is addressed by repeatedly fusing the real data numerous times with synthetic computer-generated samples. The threshold probability of interest is approximated by certain subsequences created by an iterative algorithm that gives precise estimates. The method is illustrated using environmental data including monitoring data of nitrogen dioxide levels in the air.
{"title":"On the Probabilities of Environmental Extremes","authors":"B. Kedem, Ryan Stauffer, Xuze Zhang, Saumyadipta Pyne","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.07","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental researchers, as well as epidemiologists, often encounter the problem of determining the probability of exceeding a high threshold of a variable of interest based on observations that are much smaller than the threshold. Moreover, the data available for that task may only be of moderate size. This generic problem is addressed by repeatedly fusing the real data numerous times with synthetic computer-generated samples. The threshold probability of interest is approximated by certain subsequences created by an iterative algorithm that gives precise estimates. The method is illustrated using environmental data including monitoring data of nitrogen dioxide levels in the air.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42748320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.06
K. Kachiashvili
Statistical hypotheses testing is one of the basic direction of mathematical statistics the methods of which are widely used in theoretical research and practical applications. These methods are widely used in medical researches too. Scientists of different fields, among them of medical too, that are not experts in statistics, are often faced with the dilemma of which method to use for solving the problem they are interested. The article is devoted to helping the specialists in solving this problem and in finding the optimal resolution. For this purpose, here are very simple and clearly explained the essences of the existed approaches and are shown their positive and negative sides and are given the recommendations about their use depending on existed information and the aim that must be reached as a result of an investigation.
{"title":"Existing Approaches and Development Perspectives for Inferences","authors":"K. Kachiashvili","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.06","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical hypotheses testing is one of the basic direction of mathematical statistics the methods of which are widely used in theoretical research and practical applications. These methods are widely used in medical researches too. Scientists of different fields, among them of medical too, that are not experts in statistics, are often faced with the dilemma of which method to use for solving the problem they are interested. The article is devoted to helping the specialists in solving this problem and in finding the optimal resolution. For this purpose, here are very simple and clearly explained the essences of the existed approaches and are shown their positive and negative sides and are given the recommendations about their use depending on existed information and the aim that must be reached as a result of an investigation.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48802038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.05
A. Mendoza-Aguilar, Aime Cedillo-Pozo, E. Roldán-Valadez
Objectives: Because there is heterogeneity in the ENARM scores obtained between Mexicans and International medical graduates (IMG) in the eight clinical specialities with direct-entry (Anesthesiology, and Emergency Medicine. Geriatrics, Internal Medicine, Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, Pneumology, Psychiatry), we aimed to evaluate those scores. We hypothesized that Mexican test-takers achieve higher scores than IMG with significant growth trends in their exam scores. Methods: This study was cross-sectional, used historical data from the annual public report of the ENARM for eight years (2012 to 2019). We compare the minimum (MinSco) and maximum (MaxSco) scores of each speciality using ANOVA. Mexican versus IMG scores were evaluated with an independent student t-test, trends with Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and a 5-years forecasting trend. Results: There was a significant difference among the MinSco for five surgical specialities; F (7, 115) = 26.611, p = < .001; the global mean of MinSco was 69.133; specialities above this mean were Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Pneumology. The global mean for MaxSco was 79.422; five specialities were above: Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Geriatrics, Psychiatry, and Medical Genetics. We did not find a significant difference in the MinSco between Mexicans and IMG, but a significant difference was found in the MaxSco between both groups. Conclusions: ENARM represents a market of high-performance test-takers across the clinical specialities. Mexicans and IMG achieved similar entrance scores, but Mexicans showed a higher MaxSco over IMG in all clinical specialities.
目的:由于墨西哥和国际医学毕业生(IMG)在8个直接入学的临床专业(麻醉学和急诊医学)的ENARM得分存在异质性。老年病学、内科、医学遗传学、儿科、肺病学、精神病学)，我们的目标是评估这些分数。我们假设墨西哥考生的考试成绩高于IMG考生，他们的考试成绩有显著的增长趋势。方法:本研究采用横断面方法，使用ENARM年度公开报告的8年(2012年至2019年)历史数据。我们使用方差分析比较每个专业的最小(MinSco)和最大(MaxSco)分数。采用独立学生t检验、Spearman相关系数趋势和5年预测趋势评估墨西哥与IMG得分。结果:5个外科专科的MinSco差异有统计学意义;F (7,115) = 26.611, p = < .001;MinSco全球平均值为69.133;高于这一平均值的专业是内科、麻醉学、儿科和肺炎学。MaxSco的全球平均值为79.422;内科、肺病学、老年病学、精神病学和医学遗传学五个专科排名在前。我们没有发现墨西哥人和IMG人的MinSco有显著差异，但两组之间的MaxSco有显著差异。结论:ENARM代表了一个跨临床专业的高性能考生市场。墨西哥人和IMG取得了相似的入学分数，但墨西哥人在所有临床专业的MaxSco都高于IMG。
{"title":"Comparison between Mexican and International Medical Graduates’ scores in the ENARM Competing for Clinical Specialities in Mexico during 2012-2019: Data Visualization, Trends and Forecasting Analyses","authors":"A. Mendoza-Aguilar, Aime Cedillo-Pozo, E. Roldán-Valadez","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Because there is heterogeneity in the ENARM scores obtained between Mexicans and International medical graduates (IMG) in the eight clinical specialities with direct-entry (Anesthesiology, and Emergency Medicine. Geriatrics, Internal Medicine, Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, Pneumology, Psychiatry), we aimed to evaluate those scores. We hypothesized that Mexican test-takers achieve higher scores than IMG with significant growth trends in their exam scores. Methods: This study was cross-sectional, used historical data from the annual public report of the ENARM for eight years (2012 to 2019). We compare the minimum (MinSco) and maximum (MaxSco) scores of each speciality using ANOVA. Mexican versus IMG scores were evaluated with an independent student t-test, trends with Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and a 5-years forecasting trend. Results: There was a significant difference among the MinSco for five surgical specialities; F (7, 115) = 26.611, p = < .001; the global mean of MinSco was 69.133; specialities above this mean were Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Pneumology. The global mean for MaxSco was 79.422; five specialities were above: Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Geriatrics, Psychiatry, and Medical Genetics. We did not find a significant difference in the MinSco between Mexicans and IMG, but a significant difference was found in the MaxSco between both groups. Conclusions: ENARM represents a market of high-performance test-takers across the clinical specialities. Mexicans and IMG achieved similar entrance scores, but Mexicans showed a higher MaxSco over IMG in all clinical specialities.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44975988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-26DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.01
T. Tsiampalis, C. Vassou, T. Psaltopoulou, D. Panagiotakos
Background: Missing data constitutes a common phenomenon, especially, in questionnaire-based, population surveys or epidemiological studies, with the statistical power, the efficiency and the validity of the conducted analyses being significantly affected by the missing information. The aim of the present work was to investigate the socio-demographic, lifestyle and clinical determinants of low response rate in a self- rating multi-item scale, estimating the individuals’ hostility and direction of hostility. Methods: 3042 apparently healthy volunteers residing in the Athens metropolitan area participated in the ATTICA epidemiological study [1514 (49.8%) were men [46 years old (SD= 13 years)] and 1528 (50.2%) were women [45 years old (SD= 14 years)]]. Hostility and Direction of Hostility was assessed with the Hostility and Direction of Hostility (HDHQ) scale. Binary logistic regression with backward model selection was used in order to identify the key demographic, clinical and lifestyle determinants of higher non-response rate in the HDHQ scale. Results: The vast majority of the participants (87.0%) had missing information in the HDHQ scale. Older age, lower educational level, poorer health status and unhealthy dietary habits, were found to be significant determinants of high nonresponse rate, while female participants were found to be more likely to have missing data in the items of the HDHQ scale. Conclusions: The present work augments prior evidence that higher non-response to health surveys is significantly affected by responders’ background characteristics, while it gives rise to research towards unrevealed paths behind this claim.
{"title":"Socio- Demographic, Clinical and Lifestyle Determinants of Low Response Rate on a Self- Reported Psychological Multi-Item Instrument Assessing the Adults’ Hostility and its Direction: ATTICA Epidemiological Study (2002-2012)","authors":"T. Tsiampalis, C. Vassou, T. Psaltopoulou, D. Panagiotakos","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Missing data constitutes a common phenomenon, especially, in questionnaire-based, population surveys or epidemiological studies, with the statistical power, the efficiency and the validity of the conducted analyses being significantly affected by the missing information. The aim of the present work was to investigate the socio-demographic, lifestyle and clinical determinants of low response rate in a self- rating multi-item scale, estimating the individuals’ hostility and direction of hostility. Methods: 3042 apparently healthy volunteers residing in the Athens metropolitan area participated in the ATTICA epidemiological study [1514 (49.8%) were men [46 years old (SD= 13 years)] and 1528 (50.2%) were women [45 years old (SD= 14 years)]]. Hostility and Direction of Hostility was assessed with the Hostility and Direction of Hostility (HDHQ) scale. Binary logistic regression with backward model selection was used in order to identify the key demographic, clinical and lifestyle determinants of higher non-response rate in the HDHQ scale. Results: The vast majority of the participants (87.0%) had missing information in the HDHQ scale. Older age, lower educational level, poorer health status and unhealthy dietary habits, were found to be significant determinants of high nonresponse rate, while female participants were found to be more likely to have missing data in the items of the HDHQ scale. Conclusions: The present work augments prior evidence that higher non-response to health surveys is significantly affected by responders’ background characteristics, while it gives rise to research towards unrevealed paths behind this claim.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47450602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-26DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.03
Bachioua Lahcene
This paper presents a statistical analysis using fitted prediction models that revealed a high exponential growth in the number of confirmed cases, deaths, and treated case processes based on our model predictions and the results of experimental COVID-19 predictions. The studies aimed to build inductive statistical models using the automatic integrated mean regression model methodology, and its preferred method for tracking data that represent the spread of the epidemic and then effectively predicting its numbers over the next six months, in addition to the number of deaths and cases that responded to recovery treatment using ARIMA. Moreover, the number of infected cases per day is expected to stabilize less than 500, daily deaths are less than 15, and this situation will continue until the largest number of people are vaccinated in order to obtain herd immunity, and control the causes of the spread of the epidemic such as human gatherings and friction. Among individuals, in addition to obtaining the appropriate vaccine in the future, especially since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is waiting for this year's pilgrims from inside and outside the Kingdom, the results of this work will be useful for practitioners in various fields of theoretical and applied sciences.
{"title":"On Statistical Analysis of Forecasting COVID-19 for the Upcoming Months in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Bachioua Lahcene","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a statistical analysis using fitted prediction models that revealed a high exponential growth in the number of confirmed cases, deaths, and treated case processes based on our model predictions and the results of experimental COVID-19 predictions. The studies aimed to build inductive statistical models using the automatic integrated mean regression model methodology, and its preferred method for tracking data that represent the spread of the epidemic and then effectively predicting its numbers over the next six months, in addition to the number of deaths and cases that responded to recovery treatment using ARIMA. Moreover, the number of infected cases per day is expected to stabilize less than 500, daily deaths are less than 15, and this situation will continue until the largest number of people are vaccinated in order to obtain herd immunity, and control the causes of the spread of the epidemic such as human gatherings and friction. Among individuals, in addition to obtaining the appropriate vaccine in the future, especially since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is waiting for this year's pilgrims from inside and outside the Kingdom, the results of this work will be useful for practitioners in various fields of theoretical and applied sciences.","PeriodicalId":73480,"journal":{"name":"International journal of statistics in medical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42912705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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