Advances in Parkinson's Disease最新文献

{"title":"Contradiction between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine in Understanding and Treating Parkinson’s Disease and Its Solutions","authors":"Weifan Wang","doi":"10.4236/apd.2023.121001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2023.121001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86204987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 on Outpatient Visitation of Japanese Parkinson’s Disease and Parkinsonism Patients Receiving Rehabilitation","authors":"K. Mikami, M. Shiraishi, K. Yoshida, Ken Kumai, R. Aoki, Keisuke Shiraishi, Natsumi Takahashi, Tomomi Matsushima, Akika Yoshimoto, Takuya Iwamoto, T. Kamo","doi":"10.4236/apd.2022.112002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2022.112002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79395481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Varenicline on Detrusor Overactivity in Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Induced by Intranigral 6-Hydroxydopamine","authors":"Z. Altunay, Fatma Rüyal Tan, Nermin Bölükbaşı, F. B. Hatip, I. hatip-Al-Khatib","doi":"10.4236/apd.2022.111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2022.111001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Bladder dysfunction is the common non-motor symptom of PD, most often presenting with detrusor overactivity (DO). Treatment of DO is currently limited, poorly tolerated and sometimes ineffective. Bladder responses are not only mediated by muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChR) but also by nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChR). However, nicotinic receptor subtypes and functions in the bladder are not clearly identified. Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the effect of varenicline, an alpha7 full agonist and alpha4beta2/alpha3 partial agonist, on detrusor strips in rat PD model induced by substantia nigra injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. Method: The detrusor activity was studied in an isolated organ bath system. Results: In PD group, the detrusor activity was increased, whereas varenicline decreased the DO. Conclusion: Alpha7 nAChR agonists may have therapeutic potential in treatment of bladder overactivity","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83540454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DJ-1 Activation Raf/ERK Pathways Promotes Autophagy Maturation of PC-12 Cells","authors":"Xue-zhong Li, K. Zhao, Yuansu Zhuang, Xiaopeng Chen, Yi Liu","doi":"10.4236/APD.2021.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/APD.2021.101001","url":null,"abstract":"Park 7 gene encodes a conserved protein called DJ-1 protein, which involves autophagy stress, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of DJ-1 regulation PC-12 autophagical stress. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technique to construct DJ-1 knockout PC-12 cell lines, we culture wild-type and DJ-1 knockout PC-12 cell lines, establish oxidative stress cell model by MPP+, and divide them into wild-type control group (WT), wild-type intervention group (WT + MPP+), DJ-1 knockout control group (KO) and DJ-1 knockout intervention group (KO + MPP+), and explore the role of DJ-1 in regulating neuronal autophagy stress by cell viability assay, immunofluorescence, confocal, western blotting and electron microscopy. The results show that the growth ability of DJ-1 knockout cells is inferior to that of normal cells, and DJ-1 knockout cells are more sensitive to oxidative stress and more vulnerable to damage than wild-type cells. Exposing to MPP+, DJ-1 proteins undergo oxidative responses at Cys-106 sites, while DJ-1 knockout PC-12 cells do not show similar responses. The wild-type PC-12 cells have the confocal in both anti-oxidant DJ-1 antibody and anti-C-Raf phosphorylation antibody. The activated DJ-1 induces the phosphorylation of C-Raf at Ser338 sites to activate directly C-Raf, and subsequently activates ERK1/2 signaling pathways to antagonize MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. Lack of DJ-1, oxidative stress can not promote C-Raf activation. Although the phosphorylation level of cell ERK is also increased, the increase of intranucleus pERK is not obvious. Wild type and DJ-1 knockout PC-12 cells can produce autophagical stress in the face of oxidative stress, but the proportion of autophagolysosomes produced in wild type PC-12 cells is larger than that in DJ-1 knockout cells. PD98059 can reduce autophagy stress in the state of oxidative stress in wild-type PC-12 cells, and the number of autophagolysosomes is similarly reduced, while sorafenib decreased slightly DJ-1 the autophagical stress, and the proportion of autophagolysosomes decreased more. Therefore, we can infer that activated DJ-1 directly phosphorylates C-Raf at Ser-338 sites, then activating C-Raf, subsequent activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. DJ-1 promotes autophagy maturation through the C-Raf/ERK pathway, thereby improving cell survival.","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90433580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can We Use Consumer-Wearable Activity Tracker Fitbit in Parkinson Disease?","authors":"K. Abe","doi":"10.4236/apd.2021.102002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2021.102002","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer-wearable activity trackers have been used for monitoring health-related metrics to estimate steps, distance, physical activity, energy expenditure, and sleep. The purpose of this mini review was to summarize the evidence for validity of the most popular wrist-worn activity tracker (Fitbit) to estimate those health-related metrics in Parkinson disease. We researched full-length English studies in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus, through September, 2021. In total, 27 studies and a textbook description were included in the review. To adapt consumer-wearable activity trackers for evaluating health-related metrics in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, there may be some points to be elucidated and conquered. First, measurement accuracy and precision are required. Second, inter-device reliability for measuring steps, distance, and energy expenditure must be considered. Third, wearability: there are some types of device such as wrist-worn, ankle-worn, belt-fixed, and so on. Overall, Fitbit has advantage for these points. This mini review indicates that Fitbit has enough measurement accuracy and precision to estimate health-related metrics of PD patients including amount of step, physical activity energy expenditure, and quality of sleep.","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77753534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Cases of Parkinson’s Disease for Which Dental Treatment Was Effective","authors":"Y. Fujii","doi":"10.4236/apd.2020.92002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2020.92002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to document the \u0000improvement observed in two cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) after dental \u0000treatment. The first subject is a man in his 60s with severe Parkinson’s \u0000disease; medication has not been very effective in this case. Prior to \u0000treatment, he was unable to stand without support due to rigidity. Just after removing as much of the dental infection as possible, he was able to walk, albeit slowly, and \u0000as a result of continuing treatment, one month later, the symptoms had \u0000significantly improved. The second subject is a woman in \u0000her 40s, who became aware of joint stiffness seven years ago, and was later \u0000diagnosed with PD independently at three hospitals. Her main symptoms were \u0000rigidity, knee pain, and speech disorder. The dopamine medication worked well \u0000against rigidity, but the symptoms reappeared after the medication stopped \u0000working. Her condition was significantly improved just after one tooth with an \u0000apical lesion was extracted. Although the underlying mechanism has not been \u0000clarified, I hypothesize that, at least in these cases, negative signals that \u0000passed through the trigeminal nerve to the midbrain affected predominantly the \u0000dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Removal of the \u0000harmful signals from the oral area resulted in normalization of the substantia \u0000nigra. Further research should be promoted with dental and medical cooperation.","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79012776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic Physiotherapy and Parkinson’s Disease: Effects on Functional Motor Skills","authors":"B. Yamaguchi, M. Ferreira, V. Israel","doi":"10.4236/apd.2020.91001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2020.91001","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive disease \u0000with motor impairment, and as such requires a multidisciplinary team that \u0000includes physiotherapy. Physiotherapy can stimulate learning ability, motor \u0000recovery, neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. The aquatic physiotherapy (AP) \u0000for PD enables movements to be progressively and safely executed, reducing the \u0000risk of falls. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of \u0000an AP program on the functional motor skills of people with PD. This is a \u0000controlled quasi-experimental clinical trial, with blind assessor. The \u0000participants were male and female, diagnosed with PD, Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 \u0000to 4 and medical certificate for AP. The exclusion criteria were: not \u0000presenting independent walking; sensorial deficit; contraindications for \u0000attending a heated pool; alterations in levodopa ingestion. The functional \u0000assessments conducted on land were: walking speed test; Five Times Sit to Stand \u0000Test; Mini BESTest, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for \u0000activities of daily living (ADL); and motor skill parts, evaluated before, \u0000after and 4 months after AP. The aquatic assessment was conducted through the \u0000Aquatic Functional Assessment Scale (AFAS). The participants were allocated in \u0000two groups: Control Group (CG), which did not take part in the pool activities, \u0000and Experimental Group (EG), which was \u0000submitted to AP, throughout 32 twice-a-week, 50-minute-long appointments. Functional exercises were proposed to respect the principles of \u0000specificity and progression regarding complexity in the aquatic activities \u0000through aquatic motor skills learning phases. Groups and times were compared \u0000statistically. At the end of the study, the EG was composed of 11 participants \u0000and the CG 7. There were no differences between the groups at the beginning of \u0000the study. A difference was observed between groups for gait speed in \u0000evaluation 2; difference between assessment 1 and 2 for GE in the ADL and \u0000motor, as well as between assessment 2 and 3 for GE in the motor assessment. CG \u0000presented a decline from assessment 1 and 3. In the aquatic assessment, the EG \u0000had a statistical difference after the intervention. It was observed that the \u0000AP program can modify the aquatic motor skills and the land motor skills of \u0000walking speed, the UPDRS ADL and the UPDRS motor.","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73945823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Associated Factors of Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Khartoum State","authors":"A. SidAhmed, H. Ali","doi":"10.4236/apd.2019.84006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2019.84006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson \u0000disease is a frequent and disabling complication, with an estimated prevalence \u0000of 47% and has a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to \u0000determine the frequency of autonomic dysfunction among Sudanese Parkinson \u0000patients and identify possible risk factors attribute to develop autonomic \u0000dysfunction and to assess the extent to which the progression of dysautonomia \u0000affects activities of daily living, health-related quality of life. Methods: In this descriptive perspective, cross-sectional hospital-based study, \u000051 patients were studied using standardized questionnaire including history and \u0000clinical examination. Results: A total of 51 patients have been examined: \u0000male to female ratio 1.5:1; mean age 55 ± 5 years; Parkinson disease duration, \u00007 ± 2 years. 47% of the patients had one or more symptoms of autonomic \u0000dysfunction with mean age 59 ± 10. Constipation and bloating were the most \u0000common symptoms where sweating abnormality was the least symptoms to observe. \u0000The symptom of autonomic dysfunction has been worse with disease progression in \u000050% of the patients and 47% of the patients reported that both motors and \u0000autonomic dysfunction symptoms were causing disability than autonomic \u0000dysfunction symptoms alone. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that \u0000autonomic dysfunction is not only common in Parkinson Disease, but it increases \u0000in severity with increasing disease stages. Older age with long disease \u0000duration was also considered along with advanced disease stages strong factors \u0000determining the presence of autonomic dysfunction. The study recommends that \u0000symptoms of autonomic dysfunction survey be a routine aspect of the evaluation \u0000of Parkinson disease patients, especially with advanced age.","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86991134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Network Centric Therapy for Machine Learning Classification of Deep Brain Stimulation Status for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease with a Conformal Wearable and Wireless Inertial Sensor","authors":"R. LeMoyne, Timothy Mastroianni, D. Whiting, N. Tomycz","doi":"10.4236/apd.2019.84007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2019.84007","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Network Centric Therapy represents an \u0000amalgamation of wearable and wireless inertial sensor systems and machine \u0000learning with access to a Cloud computing environment. The advent of Network \u0000Centric Therapy is highly relevant to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease \u0000through deep brain stimulation. Originally wearable and wireless systems for \u0000quantifying Parkinson’s disease involved the use a smartphone to quantify hand \u0000tremor. Although originally novel, the smartphone has notable issues as a \u0000wearable application for quantifying movement disorder tremor. The smartphone \u0000has evolved in a pathway that has made the smartphone progressively more \u0000cumbersome to mount about the dorsum of the hand. Furthermore, the smartphone \u0000utilizes an inertial sensor package that is not certified for medical analysis, \u0000and the trial data access a provisional Cloud computing environment through an \u0000email account. These concerns are resolved with the recent development of a \u0000conformal wearable and wireless inertial sensor system. This conformal wearable \u0000and wireless system mounts to the hand with the profile of a bandage by \u0000adhesive and accesses a secure Cloud computing environment through a segmented \u0000wireless connectivity strategy involving a smartphone and tablet. Additionally, \u0000the conformal wearable and wireless system is certified by the FDA of the United \u0000States of America for ascertaining medical grade inertial sensor data. These \u0000characteristics make the conformal wearable and wireless system uniquely suited \u0000for the quantification of Parkinson’s disease treatment through deep brain \u0000stimulation. Preliminary evaluation of the conformal wearable and wireless \u0000system is demonstrated through the differentiation of deep brain stimulation \u0000set to “On” and “Off” status. Based on the robustness of the acceleration \u0000signal, this signal was selected to quantify hand tremor for the prescribed \u0000deep brain stimulation settings. Machine learning classification using the \u0000Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) was applied using the \u0000multilayer perceptron neural network. The multilayer perceptron neural network \u0000achieved considerable classification accuracy for distinguishing between the \u0000deep brain stimulation system set to “On” and “Off” status through the \u0000quantified acceleration signal data obtained by this recently developed \u0000conformal wearable and wireless system. The research achievement \u0000establishes a progressive pathway to the future objective of achieving deep \u0000brain stimulation capabilities that promote closed-loop acquisition of \u0000configuration parameters that are uniquely optimized to the individual through \u0000extrinsic means of a highly conformal wearable and wireless inertial sensor \u0000system and machine learning with access to Cloud computing resources.","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84924192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Utility of the Personal KinetiGraph® in the Management of Parkinson Disease","authors":"Fatta B. Nahab, Hamad Abu-Hussain, L. Moreno","doi":"10.4236/apd.2019.83005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2019.83005","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a \u0000disorder characterized by complex motor and non-motor symptoms that can be \u0000difficult for patients to accurately communicate. Wearable technologies portend \u0000improvements in assessment and monitoring of these symptoms, with their \u0000clinical utility currently being evaluated in routine clinical care. OBJECTIVE: \u0000To evaluate the clinical utility of the Personal \u0000KinetiGraph? (PKG?) Movement Recording System in the routine \u0000clinical care of persons with PD (PWP). METHODS: Clinically stable, \u0000non-demented PWP presented for two routine clinic visits that included: \u0000medication review, symptom review, neurological examination including the \u0000Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) \u0000III/IV, and completion of a clinical management plan by a movement disorder \u0000specialist prior to review of the PKG report. After reviewing the PKG report, \u0000the clinician completed a modified clinical management plan taking into \u0000consideration the findings of the PKG. This was repeated at a second visit to evaluate \u0000various outcome measures following PKG-enhanced management. RESULTS: The PKG \u0000improved the assessment of PD symptoms and the response to treatment, while \u0000increasing patient activity levels and compliance. Clinical management plans \u0000enhanced by PKG led to different recommendations in 29.4% of cases compared \u0000with standard of care due to higher rates of bradykinesia, dyskinesia, tremor, \u0000and fluctuations identified by PKG. Using the PKG in the clinical management \u0000plan led to a change in medications in 75% (21/28) of patients and both a \u0000statistically significant difference and a clinically meaningful reduction in \u0000MDS-UPDRS III score of 4.8 (p = 0.028). Additionally, positive changes in both \u0000the clinician (17/28; 61%) and patient-reported (13/24; 54%) Global Impression \u0000of Improvement were reported. CONCLUSION: The PKG is a valuable tool in \u0000augmenting clinical management when utilized along with a clinical assessment.","PeriodicalId":7350,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79735683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}