JCSM rapid communications最新文献

英文中文

Risedronate or Exercise for Lean Mass Preservation During Menopause: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. 利塞膦酸钠或运动对更年期瘦体重的保护作用：随机对照试验的二次分析。

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.59

Laura E Flores, Kevin Kupzyk, Nancy Waltman, Kristen M Beavers, Laura Bilek

Background: The menopause transition is marked by hormonal shifts leading to body composition changes, such as fat mass gain and lean mass loss. Weight-bearing and resistance exercise can help maintain lean mass during the menopause transition; however, uptake is low. Pre-clinical research points to bisphosphonates as also being effective in preventing loss of lean mass. Thus, we sought to investigate whether bisphosphonate therapy can mitigate loss of lean mass and outperform weight-bearing exercise in the years immediately following menopause.

Methods: Data come from the Heartland Osteoporosis Prevention Study (NCT02186600), where osteopenic, postmenopausal women were randomized to bisphosphonate (n=91), weight-bearing/resistance exercise (n=92), or control (n=93) conditions over a one-year period. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body composition measures (including total lean mass, total fat mass, lean mass index, and lean mass-to-fat mass ratio) were ascertained at baseline, six, and 12-months. Adherence to risedronate and weight-bearing exercise was defined as the percentage of dosages taken and exercise sessions attended. Intent-to-treat analysis using linear modeling was used to generate treatment effects on body composition. Secondary analysis utilized per-protocol analysis and included adjustment for weight change.

Results: 276 women (age: 54.5 years; 83.3% Caucasian; BMI: 25.7 kg/m²) were included in the analyses. 12-month adherence to the risedronate and exercise interventions was 89% and 64%, respectively. Group-by-time interactions were observed for lean mass, revealing exercise (0.43±1.49kg) and risedronate groups (0.31±1.68 kg) gained significantly more lean mass than control (-0.15±1.27 kg) over 12-months. However, after controlling for weight change in secondary analysis, the difference in lean mass change between control and risedronate became non-significant (p=0.059).

Conclusions: Results suggest both 12 months of oral risedronate and 12 months of weight-bearing exercise may diminish lean mass loss experienced during the menopause transition as compared to control. The lean mass sparing effect for risedronate may be driven by overall weight change.

背景：绝经过渡期的特点是荷尔蒙变化导致身体成分发生变化，如脂肪量增加和瘦肉量减少。负重和阻力运动有助于在更年期过渡期间保持瘦体重；然而，这种运动的吸收率很低。临床前研究表明，双膦酸盐也能有效防止瘦体重的减少。因此，我们试图研究双膦酸盐疗法是否能在绝经后的几年内减轻瘦体重的流失，并优于负重运动：方法：数据来自心脏地带骨质疏松症预防研究（NCT02186600），在该研究中，骨质疏松的绝经后妇女被随机分配到双膦酸盐（91 人）、负重/阻力运动（92 人）或对照组（93 人），为期一年。在基线、6 个月和 12 个月期间，对双能 X 射线吸收测定法（DXA）得出的身体成分测量结果（包括总瘦肉质量、总脂肪质量、瘦肉质量指数和瘦肉质量与脂肪质量比）进行确认。利塞膦酸盐和负重锻炼的依从性定义为服用剂量和参加锻炼次数的百分比。采用线性建模的意向治疗分析产生了对身体成分的治疗效果。结果：276 名女性（年龄：54.5 岁；83.3% 白种人；体重指数：25.7 kg/m2）被纳入分析。利塞膦酸盐和运动干预12个月的坚持率分别为89%和64%。在瘦体重方面观察到了组间时间交互作用，显示运动组（0.43±1.49 千克）和利塞膦酸钠组（0.31±1.68 千克）在 12 个月内增加的瘦体重明显高于对照组（-0.15±1.27 千克）。然而，在二次分析中控制体重变化后，对照组和利塞膦酸钠组的瘦体重变化差异变得不显著（P=0.059）：结果表明，与对照组相比，口服利塞膦酸钠 12 个月和负重锻炼 12 个月可减少绝经过渡期的瘦体重减轻。利塞膦酸钠的瘦体重减少效应可能是由整体体重变化驱动的。

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引用次数: 0

MRI thigh measurements predict whole‐body skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes: a comparison with DXA MRI大腿测量预测2型糖尿病患者全身骨骼肌质量：与DXA的比较

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.70

E. Brown, A. Williams, O. Hakim, M. Wilton, J. Harrold, David Hughes, G. Kemp, J. Wilding, L. Goff, D. Cuthbertson

Sarcopenia is an age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and function, associated with falls, frailty, and functional decline. It is more prevalent and often accelerated in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially when co‐existing with obesity (sarcopenic obesity). Accurate whole‐body SMM measurement, feasible using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has utility both in clinical practice and in epidemiological and mechanistic research, considering the dual mechanical and metabolic function of skeletal muscle. Compared with MRI, DXA may underestimate age‐related muscle mass by up to 30%, and so direct comparison of DXA/MRI‐derived SMM measurements may be invalid in patients with obesity and T2D, who have potentially even more pronounced sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity. We aimed to validate single‐slice or multiple‐slice measures of SMM, using MRI, with whole‐body SMM measures derived from DXA scans of appendicular lean soft tissue, specifically in patients with obesity and T2D.

肌萎缩是一种与年龄相关的骨骼肌质量（SMM）和功能丧失，与跌倒、虚弱和功能下降有关。它在2型糖尿病（T2D）患者中更为普遍，并且经常加速，尤其是当与肥胖（肌萎缩性肥胖）共存时。考虑到骨骼肌的双重机械和代谢功能，使用双能X射线吸收仪（DXA）或磁共振成像（MRI）进行准确的全身SMM测量是可行的，在临床实践以及流行病学和机制研究中都有实用性。与MRI相比，DXA可能低估了高达30%的与年龄相关的肌肉质量，因此直接比较DXA/MRI衍生的SMM测量结果在肥胖和T2D患者中可能无效，因为他们可能有更明显的少肌症/少肌性肥胖。我们的目的是使用MRI验证SMM的单层或多层测量，以及来自阑尾瘦软组织DXA扫描的全身SMM测量，特别是在肥胖和T2D患者中。

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引用次数: 0

Rescue of a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene network in muscle after growth of human breast tumour xenografts 人乳腺肿瘤异种移植物生长后肌肉中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ基因网络的拯救

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.69

David A. Stanton, Hannah E. Wilson, Matthew G. Chapa, J. Link, Kristin Lupinacci, W. Geldenhuys, E. Pistilli

Fatigue is common in patents with breast cancer (BC), and can occur in patients with early stage disease and in the absence of muscle wasting (i.e. cachexia). We have reported transcriptional and proteomic alterations in muscles from BC patients, which are associated with fatigue. Mice implanted with human BC xenografts recapitulate the muscle molecular composition changes seen in patients, coupled with a greater rate of contraction‐induced fatigue. Multiple bioinformatics platforms in both human and mouse muscles have identified peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) as central to this phenotype, with several PPARG target genes downregulated in muscle in response to tumour growth. The current study tested the hypothesis that the PPARG agonist pioglitazone (pio), a commonly prescribed diabetes drug, would rescue the transcriptional alterations observed in muscles of tumour‐bearing mice.

疲劳在患有癌症（BC）的患者中很常见，并且可能发生在早期疾病和没有肌肉萎缩（即恶病质）的患者身上。我们已经报道了BC患者肌肉的转录和蛋白质组学改变，这与疲劳有关。植入人类BC异种移植物的小鼠重现了患者肌肉分子组成的变化，同时出现了更高的收缩诱导疲劳率。人类和小鼠肌肉中的多个生物信息学平台已确定过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARG）是该表型的核心，肌肉中的几个PPARG靶基因因肿瘤生长而下调。目前的研究验证了PPARG激动剂吡格列酮（pio）（一种常见的糖尿病处方药）可以挽救在荷瘤小鼠肌肉中观察到的转录改变的假设。

引用次数: 0

Muscle mass change using linear measurement analysis after nephrectomy for pT3 and pT4 renal cell carcinoma is associated with mortality pT3和pT4肾细胞癌切除术后肌肉质量变化与死亡率相关

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.66

A. Medline, Eric Midenberg, Dattatraya Patil, Sean T. Evans, N. Vettikattu, F. Kamal, K. Ogan, S. Psutka, M. Bilen, V. Master

Preoperative skeletal muscle deficiency is an established risk factor for poor survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, given the dynamic nature of skeletal muscle associated with malignancy, there is a need to evaluate the prognostic benefit of muscle area change from the preoperative to postoperative period. We hypothesize that an improvement in muscle area following nephrectomy, measured by linear segmentation of L3 psoas and paraspinal musculature, is associated with improvement in overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) for patients with pT3 and pT4 RCC.

术前骨骼肌缺乏是肾细胞癌（RCC）患者生存结果不佳的一个既定风险因素。然而，鉴于骨骼肌与恶性肿瘤相关的动态性质，有必要评估从术前到术后肌肉面积变化的预后益处。我们假设，通过L3腰大肌和脊旁肌肉组织的线性分割测量，肾切除术后肌肉面积的改善与pT3和pT4肾细胞癌患者的总生存率（OS）和癌症特异性生存率（CSS）的改善有关。

引用次数: 1

Human primary skeletal muscle‐derived myoblasts and fibroblasts reveal different senescent phenotypes 人类原发性骨骼肌来源的成肌细胞和成纤维细胞显示出不同的衰老表型

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.67

Thomas G. Francis, O. Jaka, G. Ellison‐Hughes, N. Lazarus, S. Harridge

The age‐related loss of muscle mass and quality, sarcopenia, has many contributing factors, one of which may be cellular senescence, but this is not well defined in human skeletal muscle.

与年龄相关的肌肉质量和质量损失，即少肌症，有许多促成因素，其中之一可能是细胞衰老，但这在人类骨骼肌中尚不明确。

引用次数: 2

Computed tomography measured tissue density of pectoral muscle and liver predicts outcomes in heart transplant recipients 计算机断层扫描测量胸肌和肝脏的组织密度预测心脏移植受者的预后

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.62

A. Kuchnia, J. Lortie, Katie J Osterbauer, T. Hess, N. Stabo, Nanae Tsuchiya, N. Wheeler, N. Binkley, C. François, M. Schiebler, J. Hermsen, R. Dhingra

Computed tomography (CT)‐derived measures of tissue quality can add to frailty assessment and improve selection of candidates for heart transplant. We investigated the prognostic value of CT measures of tissue density for predicting hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality post‐transplant.

计算机断层扫描（CT）衍生的组织质量测量可以增加虚弱评估，并改善心脏移植候选者的选择。我们研究了CT测量组织密度对预测移植后住院时间（LOS）和死亡率的预后价值。

引用次数: 2

Psoas muscle measurement as a marker of sarcopenia predicts risk of Grade 4 or 5 baseline chronic kidney disease and its progression 作为少肌症标志的Psoas肌肉测量可预测4或5级基线慢性肾脏疾病及其进展的风险

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.63

Davine Yang, Sameena Iqbal, K. Rafatzand, C. Scheede-Bergdahl

Psoas muscle area (PMA) has recently been found to be an appropriate surrogate for whole‐body skeletal muscle mass and a measure of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, which includes a decreased muscle mass and correlated with physical disability, morbidity, and mortality, is prevalent in and has deleterious consequences for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The current study investigates the association of PMA, as a marker of sarcopenia, with baseline kidney function and CKD progression.

Psoas肌肉面积（PMA）最近被发现是全身骨骼肌质量的合适替代品，也是少肌症的一种衡量标准。Sarcopenia包括肌肉量减少，与身体残疾、发病率和死亡率相关，在慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者中普遍存在，并对其产生有害影响。目前的研究调查了作为少肌症标志物的PMA与基线肾功能和CKD进展的关系。

引用次数: 0

The impact of cachexia on dietary intakes, symptoms, and quality of life in advanced cancer 恶病质对晚期癌症患者膳食摄入量、症状和生活质量的影响

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.61

K. Amano, V. Baracos, T. Morita, T. Miura, N. Mori, Ryohei Tatara, Takaomi Kessoku, A. Tokoro, Keita Tagami, Hiroyuki Otani, M. Mori, T. Taniyama, N. Nakajima, Erika Nakanishi, J. Kako, Daisuke Kiuchi, H. Ishiki, H. Matsuoka, E. Satomi, M. Miyashita

The relationships between cachexia stages and the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Anorexia Cachexia Subscale (FAACT ACS) 12‐item, 5‐item anorexia symptoms, and 4‐item anorexia concerns have not been investigated in Asian patients with advanced cancer.

在亚洲晚期癌症患者中，恶病质分期与厌食症/恶病质治疗功能评估之间的关系尚未被调查。厌食症恶病质量表(FAACT ACS) 12项、5项厌食症症状和4项厌食症关注。

引用次数: 4

Resistance exercise training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 阻力运动训练增加慢性阻塞性肺疾病骨骼肌线粒体呼吸

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.58

L. Oberholzer, Knut Sindre Mølmen, D. Hammarström, G. S. Falch, Anne‐Kristine Meinild Lundby, B. Rønnestad, S. Ellefsen, Carsten Lundby

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Resistance exercise training (RT) is a training modality with a relatively small pulmonary demand that has been suggested to increase skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity in COPD. Whether a shift into a more oxidative profile following RT also translates into increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in COPD is yet to be established.

慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）与骨骼肌线粒体功能障碍有关。阻力运动训练（RT）是一种肺部需求相对较小的训练方式，已被认为可以增加COPD患者骨骼肌氧化酶活性。RT后向氧化性更强的转变是否也转化为COPD患者线粒体呼吸能力的增加尚待确定。

引用次数: 0

Microbiota–muscle/immune interactions in rhesus macaque under simulated microgravity revealed by integrated multi‐omics analysis 综合多组学分析揭示模拟微重力条件下恒河猴的微生物群-肌肉/免疫相互作用

JCSM rapid communications

Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.60

Peng Zhang, Libin Shao, Jie Zhang, Lu Wang, Xiangsheng Pang, Wuchen Tao, Guangyi Fan, Ling Peng, Guanghan Kan, Wenjiong Li, Xinming Liang, Xin Liu, Xiaoping Chen

Long‐term exposure to microgravity during spaceflight has adverse effects on human health including muscle atrophy, impaired immune function, and alterations in gut microbiome profile. Gut microorganisms influence a wide range of host biological processes, but their interactions with skeletal muscle and the immune system under microgravity have yet to be elucidated.

太空飞行期间长期暴露在微重力环境中会对人类健康产生不利影响，包括肌肉萎缩、免疫功能受损和肠道微生物组变化。肠道微生物影响宿主的一系列生物学过程，但它们在微重力条件下与骨骼肌和免疫系统的相互作用尚待阐明。

引用次数: 2

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