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An Evaluation of “Transforming Youth Justice: A Leadership Development Program” “转变青少年司法:领导力发展计划”评鉴
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.52935/19.5118.1
Kevin Earl, David G. Myers
As part of the modern evidence-based movement in juvenile justice, effective leadership isnecessary for planning, implementing, and evaluating policies, programs, and practices, along with guiding innovative reform efforts. Leadership development programs hold promise for advancing the field of juvenile justice, by enhancing participant leadership skills and abilities, as well as increasing opportunities for networking and further professional development. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a juvenile justice leadership program in Connecticut. Overall, the findings from the mixed-methods research were supportive. Implications for similar programs and future research also are discussed.
作为现代青少年司法循证运动的一部分,有效的领导对于规划、实施和评估政策、方案和实践,以及指导创新的改革努力是必不可少的。领导能力发展计划有望通过提高参与者的领导技能和能力,以及增加建立联系和进一步专业发展的机会,推动青少年司法领域的发展。本研究的目的是评估康涅狄格州的青少年司法领导计划。总的来说,混合方法研究的结果是支持性的。还讨论了对类似项目和未来研究的启示。
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引用次数: 0
The Competency Attainment Outcomes of 1,913 Juveniles Found Incompetent to Stand Trial 1913名被认定无能力出庭的未成年人的胜任力成就结果
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.52935/19.23118.1
J. Warren, S. Jackson, Benjamin E. Skowysz, Shelby Kiefner, James Reed, A. Leviton, Maria Francesca Nacu, Chantee Jiggetts, Gerald Walls
Our study examines the outcomes of remediation services provided to 1,913 juveniles who have been determined to be incompetent to stand trial and ordered into remediation services by the court. These services were offered based upon statutory guidelines legislated in 1999, through a statewide, community-based program maintained by the Virginia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services (VA DBHDS). Recipients of these services were eight through 18-years-old and were predominantly African-American (73%), Caucasian (21%), and Hispanic (3%). Our outcome data indicate that 76% of the youth ordered into remediation services were determined by the court to have been remediated, 19% unlikely to attain competency, and 5% had their charges dismissed. Remediation services were offered within thecommunity and received by the majority of the youth within three months at an estimated cost of $5,000 per juvenile. Rates of remediation differed based upon the age and mental status of the youth receiving services with 7% of youth aged eight to 10 years being remediated compared to 44% of those aged 14 to 16 years of age. Youth with a diagnosis of both intellectual disability and mental disorder were the least likely to be remediated with 51% determined to be unlikely to attain competency and an additional 28% having their charges dismissed. These outcomes are similar to those obtained with incompetent adult defendants, often through costly periods of inpatient hospitalization, raising the question of why states would not provide these due processprotections to the most vulnerable youth within the juvenile system.
我们的研究考察了1,913名被法院认定为没有能力出庭受审并被命令接受补救服务的青少年的补救服务的结果。这些服务是根据1999年制定的法定指导方针,通过弗吉尼亚州行为健康和发展服务部(VA DBHDS)维护的全州范围内的社区方案提供的。这些服务的接受者为8至18岁,主要是非裔美国人(73%)、高加索人(21%)和西班牙裔(3%)。我们的结果数据表明,76%被命令进入补救服务的青少年被法院认定已经得到补救,19%不太可能获得能力,5%的指控被驳回。矫正服务在社区内提供,大部分青少年在三个月内接受,估计费用为每名青少年5,000元。补救率因接受服务的青少年的年龄和精神状况而异,8至10岁的青少年中有7%得到补救,而14至16岁的青少年中有44%得到补救。同时被诊断为智力残疾和精神障碍的青少年是最不可能得到补救的,51%的人被确定不太可能获得能力,另外28%的人被撤销指控。这些结果与那些不称职的成年被告所获得的结果相似,往往是通过昂贵的住院治疗,这就提出了一个问题:为什么各州不为青少年系统中最脆弱的青少年提供这些正当程序保护?
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引用次数: 4
Community-based Alternatives to Detention: Implementation Evidence on Evening Reporting Centers 以社区为基础的拘留替代方案:夜间报告中心的实施证据
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.52935/19.1019.1
Sonia Jain, A. Cohen, Neola Crosby, Jessica Gingold, Stacey Wooden
Evening reporting centers are an emerging best practice in community-based alternatives to detention. We ground our discussion of Alameda County (CA)’s evening reporting centers within an understanding of youth development theories, including the social cognitive career theory. Alameda County is a diverse county in California’s San Francisco Bay Area that includes Oakland. We used diverse sources of administrative data to describe the implementation of the evening reporting centers and report on outcomes of youth involved. We find that evening reporting centers are aligned with youth development theory. For example, they offer an opportunity for disadvantaged youth to build positive relationships with adults, which can contribute to positive youth development.
晚间报告中心是一种新兴的以社区为基础的替代拘留的最佳做法。我们将对阿拉米达县(CA)夜间报告中心的讨论建立在对青年发展理论的理解之上,包括社会认知职业理论。阿拉米达县是加州旧金山湾区一个多元化的县,包括奥克兰。我们使用不同来源的行政数据来描述夜间报告中心的实施情况,并报告参与的青少年的结果。我们发现晚间报告中心与青少年发展理论是一致的。例如,它们为处境不利的青年提供了与成年人建立积极关系的机会,这有助于青年的积极发展。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of an Alternative to Detention Program on Developmental Assets forAdolescents Involved in the Juvenile Justice or Legal System 替代拘留方案对参与少年司法或法律制度的青少年发展资产的影响
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.52935/19.1317.1
L. Maggiulli, J. Perry, J. Aiello
Positive youth development (PYD) models can play a critical role in programming for at-risk youth involved with the Juvenile Justice System (JJS) or legal system. This article reports on the outcomes of a study that examined the impact of the Reinvesting in Youth (RIY) program on increasing developmental assets for youth who are at-risk for detention or higher level of care placements. RIY is a three to six month preventive and ATD program within a large non-profit behavioral healthcare organization that provides case management, community asset navigation, and academic support through an asset-building framework. Fifty-nine youth discharged from RIY were included in the study. The impact of the program was measured using the Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). Using a dependent samples t-test, results indicate that the RIY program has a significant and positive impact on increasing assets from admission to discharge on total asset scores, internal and external assets, and seven of the eight asset categories.
积极的青少年发展(PYD)模式可以在青少年司法系统(JJS)或法律系统涉及的高危青少年的规划中发挥关键作用。本文报告了一项研究的结果,该研究调查了青年再投资(RIY)计划对增加面临拘留或更高级别护理安置风险的青年的发展资产的影响。RIY是一家大型非营利性行为医疗保健组织开展的为期三至六个月的预防和ATD项目,通过资产建设框架提供病例管理、社区资产导航和学术支持。59名从RIY出院的青少年被纳入研究。该计划的影响是使用发展资产概况(DAP)来衡量的。使用依赖样本t检验,结果表明,RIY计划在总资产得分、内部和外部资产以及8个资产类别中的7个方面对从进入到退出的资产增加具有显着和积极的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges to Hispanic Youth with Both Delinquency and Maltreatment History 有犯罪和虐待史的西班牙裔青年面临的挑战
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.52935/19.1893.1
Elijah P. Ricks, Chelsea Geise, J. Wood
Child victims of maltreatment (abuse or neglect) are at higher risk of delinquency. When children experience both maltreatment and delinquency, they generally face more challenges and experience poorer outcomes across many factors. Hispanics are the fastest-growing minority in the U.S. and have unique cultural and familial considerations. This study sought to explore how adjudicated Hispanic youths with maltreatment history (also referred to as “dually identified youths”) compare to Hispanic youths involved only in the juvenile justice system across psychosocial risk factors and indicators of risk. In El Paso County, Texas, on the U.S.-Mexico border, the researchers matched the records of 255 adjudicated Hispanic juvenile offenders with Child Protective Services’ (CPS) records to identify those with a substantiated maltreatment history. The researchers found that 37 youth (14.5 percent) had been involved in at least one confirmed CPS case. Dually identified juveniles were more likely to have a mental health diagnosis, a court-appointed attorney (used as a proxy for general socioeconomic status), and a close family member with substance abuse problems or criminal justice involvement. On average, dually identified youths faced a larger number of these challenges combined than the youths involved only in delinquency. These findings are discussed in light of prior research on dually identified populations, with implications for juvenile justice and child protective services policy, and research on Hispanic juveniles.
虐待(虐待或忽视)的儿童受害者犯罪的风险更高。当儿童经历虐待和犯罪时,他们通常会面临更多的挑战,并在许多因素中经历较差的结果。西班牙裔是美国增长最快的少数族裔,有着独特的文化和家庭因素。这项研究试图探讨在心理社会风险因素和风险指标方面,被判定有虐待史的西班牙裔青年(也称为“双重身份青年”)与仅参与少年司法系统的西班牙裔青年之间的比较。在美墨边境的得克萨斯州埃尔帕索县,研究人员将255名已判决的西班牙裔青少年罪犯的记录与儿童保护服务机构(CPS)的记录进行了匹配,以确定那些有虐待史的人。研究人员发现,37名年轻人(14.5%)至少参与了一例确诊的CPS病例。双重身份的青少年更有可能有心理健康诊断、法院指定的律师(用作一般社会经济地位的代表),以及有药物滥用问题或刑事司法参与的亲密家庭成员。平均而言,双重身份的年轻人面临的这些挑战加起来比只参与犯罪的年轻人要多。这些发现是根据先前对双重身份人群的研究进行讨论的,对青少年司法和儿童保护服务政策以及对西班牙裔青少年的研究都有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Making Time for Youth: Delay and Timely Case Processing in the Juvenile Court 为青少年争取时间:少年法庭案件处理的延迟与及时
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.52935/19.385.1
William A. Chernoff, W. R. Goe
It is through timely case processing that the juvenile court is better primed to achieve its goals, whether these goals pertain to crime-control, treatment, legal or restorative justice, or some combination thereof. Drawing a random sample of cases (N=394) from a large Midwestern juvenile court filed between 2012 and 2016, the present study identifies factors that influence timeliness in the juvenile court. Controlling for diagnostic evaluations, failure to appear, offense severity, prior involvement, and judge idiosyncrasies, statistically significant relationships were observed between timely case processing and factors measuring caseload, judge placements, lawyer placements, pleading guilty, detention, and method of filing.
只有通过及时处理案件,少年法庭才能更好地实现其目标,无论这些目标是关于犯罪控制、治疗、法律或恢复性司法,还是两者的结合。本研究从2012年至2016年期间提交的中西部大型少年法庭中随机抽取案件样本(N=394),确定了影响少年法庭及时性的因素。控制诊断评估、未出庭、犯罪严重程度、先前参与和法官特质,观察到及时处理案件与衡量案件数量、法官安排、律师安排、认罪、拘留和归档方法等因素之间的统计显著关系。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of the Overlap between Juvenile Justice Processing and Behavioral Health Screening, Assessment and Referral. 青少年司法处理与行为健康筛查、评估和转介之间重叠的比较。
Diana Bowser, Brandy F Henry, Gail A Wasserman, Danica Knight, Sheena Gardner, Kate Krupka, Bill Grossi, Margaret Cawood, Tisha Wiley, Angela Robertson

Given the large proportion of youth involved in the juvenile justice system who meet criteria for behavioral health disorders, the system is charged with delivering not only criminal justice programing, but also behavioral health services. Behavioral health service delivery is typically done through collaborative partnerships with behavioral health agencies. This study created process maps which describe the flows and boundaries of these partnerships with respect to screening, assessment and referral to treatment. Process maps of juvenile justice and behavioral health systems from six juvenile departments in different states (Mississippi, Kentucky, New York, Georgia, Texas, and Pennsylvania) are presented. Both the methodology of creating process maps and results from the analysis of the maps are presented. Results indicate that behavioral health screening, assessment, and referral to treatment were occurring at all sites, typically with standardized tools. Overall trends were that juveniles tended to have more screenings, assessments, and referrals to behavioral health services as they moved deeper into the juvenile justice system and were placed into more formal juvenile justice services. Within the analysis of interagency communication, these results were mirrored; settings that were more formal and located deeper into the juvenile justice system had more robust interagency communication.

鉴于参与少年司法系统的青少年中有很大一部分符合行为健康障碍标准,该系统不仅负责提供刑事司法计划,还负责提供行为健康服务。行为健康服务的提供通常是通过与行为健康机构的合作伙伴关系来完成的。这项研究创建了流程图,描述了这些伙伴关系在筛查、评估和转诊治疗方面的流程和边界。介绍了来自不同州(密西西比州、肯塔基州、纽约州、佐治亚州、得克萨斯州和宾夕法尼亚州)六个青少年部门的青少年司法和行为健康系统的流程图。介绍了创建流程图的方法和流程图分析的结果。结果表明,所有地点都进行了行为健康筛查、评估和转诊治疗,通常使用标准化工具。总体趋势是,随着青少年深入青少年司法系统并被纳入更正式的青少年司法服务,他们往往会接受更多的筛查、评估和转介到行为健康服务机构。在对机构间沟通的分析中,这些结果得到了反映;更正式、更深入青少年司法系统的环境有更强有力的跨部门沟通。
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引用次数: 0
Recidivism among First-Time Offending Truant Youth with Mental Health Symptoms. 有心理健康症状的初犯逃学青少年的再犯情况
Hannah Doucette, Marina Tolou-Shams, Christie J Rizzo, Selby M Conrad

Little is known about which first-time offending truant youth re-offend, especially in comparison to youth with first-time delinquent offenses. The purpose of this study was to compare rates and risk factors for recidivism between youth with first-time truancy offenses and delinquent offenses. All youth included in this study were referred for forensic mental health evaluation due to mental health concerns. Findings revealed that rates of 12-month recidivism were comparable and both groups were more likely to commit a future delinquent offense than a truancy or status offense. Risk for recidivism among truant youth was higher for those with an externalizing disorder and those who witnessed domestic violence. Within truant recidivists, being male and having a history of substance use increased likelihood of future delinquency. Study findings suggest that universal screening for truant youth upon court contact is justified and may be useful for selecting targeted recidivism prevention and intervention efforts. This may be particularly important for truant youth with mental health concerns, as indicated by the sample used in this study.

很少有人知道哪些初犯逃学的青少年会再次犯罪,特别是与初犯的青少年相比。本研究的目的是比较青少年第一次逃学和犯罪的再犯率和危险因素。由于心理健康问题,本研究纳入的所有青少年都被转介进行法医心理健康评估。调查结果显示,12个月的再犯率是相当的,两组人在未来再犯的可能性比逃学或身份犯罪的可能性更大。在那些有外化障碍和目睹过家庭暴力的逃学青少年中,再犯的风险更高。在逃学惯犯中,男性和有药物使用史增加了未来犯罪的可能性。研究结果表明,在法庭接触时对逃学青少年进行普遍筛查是合理的,可能有助于选择有针对性的再犯预防和干预措施。正如本研究中使用的样本所表明的那样,这可能对有精神健康问题的逃学青年尤其重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of applied juvenile justice services
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