Journal of best practices in health professions diversity : research, education and policy最新文献

Educational programs in cultural competence have become an important strategy to prepare healthcare providers to better address the needs of an increasingly diverse society and to decrease health disparities. However, a literature review found little information on best practices in teaching cultural competence.

Objective: To create a protocol for conducting an effectiveness review of the literature to evaluate best practices in teaching methods, assessment, and interventions in cultural competence for health-related professions.

Methods: The protocol followed guidelines from the BEME (Best Evidence Medical Education) collaborative. Inclusion criteria, preliminary terms, and databases for searching were established. A modified version of the 6 QUESTS and the Kirkpatrick model were chosen to appraise and synthesize the information from studies included in the review. Finally, recommendations and the final report follow the adapted PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) checklist.

Conclusions: Policymakers, researchers, and teachers can use the evidence from a comprehensive systematic review to revise or develop educational interventions, assessment methods, and accreditation requirements for academic programs.

To improve overall healthcare and to reduce health disparities, efforts must focus on increasing the diversity of personnel trained in the biomedical sciences. Here, we describe the development, implementation, and relative outcomes of three pipeline training programs in biomedical sciences research designed to increase workforce diversity institutionally, regionally, and nationally. We report on their effectiveness in improving the recruitment and retention of underrepresented minorities with the long-term goal of remedying health inequities and disparities.

Background: Disparities in mortality in prostate cancer may reflect differences in healthcare providers' communication.

Objective: This study examined physicians' communication with African American and Caucasian men when making decisions about treatment for localized prostate cancer to determine whether information-giving and partnership-building behaviors varied by the age, education level, and race of the patient.

Methods: The study was a secondary analysis of data from a larger study examining decisionmaking among men with prostate cancer. Verbatim transcripts of physician communication with 13 African American and 32 Caucasian patients were coded using a well-established scheme.

Results: Physicians tended to use information-giving and partnership-building behaviors more often with patients who were Caucasian, but this practice was tempered by the patient's age or education level.

Conclusion: Information-giving and partnership-building behaviors should be studied relative to patient outcomes, such as treatment adherence and satisfaction. Communication is a two-way interaction, and patients' perceptions should be included in future studies.

Practice implications: Biases, assumptions, and differential behavior toward patients who are older, minorities, or less educated must be addressed during all healthcare providers' socialization and education. All will benefit from their education in communication and partnership-building with patients.

This study examined the influence of physicians' and nurses' patient-centeredness on the satisfaction of African American female Medicaid patients. A multigroup structural equation modeling design was used to test the hypothesized model and its stability across national random test (Nt=98) and cross-validation (Ncv=296) samples. The model fit well. Physician and nurse patient-centeredness significantly and consistently influenced patient satisfaction, explaining 73% of its variance. One standardized deviation increase in physician patient-centeredness increased patient satisfaction, likelihood to recommend, and ratings of care by .698, .665, and .644 deviations. The corresponding effects for nursing were .643, .613, and .594. These effects were consistent across national random samples. The study offers an evidenced-based model that sheds light on provider patient-centered-ness' influence on African American female Medicaid patient satisfaction.

This article reviews the literature on African American men's perceptions of health service providers and their possible association with health disparities and decreased likelihood that these patients will seek outpatient and preventative health care. The literature suggests that barriers to receiving health care service include not feeling respected or heard by providers. A brief discussion of the dangers of a color-blind approach, findings from implicit association studies on race, and negative media portrayals are offered as possible explanations. Specific questions provide a starting point to increase the self-awareness of health service providers. The importance of patient-centered communication is discussed, and conclusions offered, emphasizing the need for more racial/ethnic minority researchers, educators, and health care providers.