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Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipases C in Psychiatric Diseases and Suicide 磷酸肌醇特异性磷脂酶C在精神疾病和自杀中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.075
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引用次数: 0
Repurposed Anti-IL-6 Therapeutics, Another Way to Quell the Cytokine Storm in Tuberculosis 重新利用抗il -6治疗,另一种方式来平息细胞因子风暴在结核病
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.077
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引用次数: 0
Insights from Natural Product PHGDH Inhibitor Studies 从天然产物PHGDH抑制剂研究的见解
Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.073
Zhaodan Wang, Xueqin Chen, Qingxiang Sun
The synthetic activity of serine is significantly upregulated in several cancers [1]. Homo sapiens 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of serine synthesis, which converts 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and NAD+ to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate and NADH [2,3]. PHGDH inhibitors were extensively pursued recently for their use in the treatment of affected cancers [4,5]. Among the inhibitors identified, three natural products including azacoccone E [6], ixocarpalactone A [7], withaferin A and oridonin [8] were shown to effectively inhibit PHGDH enzyme activity and cancer cell growth.
丝氨酸的合成活性在几种癌症中显著上调[1]。智人3-磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶(PHGDH)催化丝氨酸合成的限速步骤,将3-磷酸甘油酸(3PG)和NAD+转化为3-磷酸羟基丙酮酸和NADH[2,3]。最近,PHGDH抑制剂被广泛用于治疗受影响的癌症[4,5]。在所鉴定的抑制剂中,azacoccone E[6]、ixocarpalactone A[7]、withaferin A和oriidonin[8]三种天然产物均能有效抑制PHGDH酶活性和癌细胞生长。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of FCH Domain Only 1 (FCHO1) as an Oncogene in Lung Cancer FCH结构域仅1 (FCHO1)在肺癌中的致癌基因作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.070
M. Cho, S. Park, Soon‐Kyung Hwang
Akt, or protein kinase B, a serine/threonine protein kinase [4], is activated downstream from phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), by various growth factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and epidermal growth factor [5]. Activated Akt (phospho-Akt, p-Akt) is a strong promoter of cell survival because it antagonizes and inactivates various components of the apoptotic cascade such as proapoptotic Bad, caspase-9, and forkhead transcription factor family members [6,7]. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates the G1/S cell cycle transition by modulating the transcription of cell cycle proteins and suppressing cell cycle inhibitors [8]. A dysregulated cell cycle is often associated with increased tumorigenesis and accelerated tumor growth [9].
Akt或蛋白激酶B是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶[4],在磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)下游被多种生长因子激活,包括胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子- 1和表皮生长因子[5]。活化的Akt (phospho-Akt, p-Akt)是一个强大的细胞存活启动子,因为它可以拮抗和失活凋亡级联的各种成分,如促凋亡Bad、caspase-9和叉头转录因子家族成员[6,7]。PI3K/Akt信号通路通过调节细胞周期蛋白的转录和抑制细胞周期抑制剂来调控G1/S细胞周期转变[8]。细胞周期失调通常与肿瘤发生增加和肿瘤生长加速有关[9]。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Diet Induced Obesity on Serotonin in Zebrafish 饮食诱导肥胖对斑马鱼血清素的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.074
L. Uyttebroek, S. V. Remoortel, Laura Buyssens, Nastasia Popowycz, G. Hubens, Jean-Pierre, Timmermans, L. Nassauw
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and a major risk factor for numerous diseases. The regulation of feeding behavior and body weight depends on a wide range of neuronal pathways influencing satiety and hunger. Serotonin (5-HT) is one of those players identified to have a profound effect on energy homeostasis. The effect of obesity on 5-HT metabolism in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its underlying mechanisms still needs to be further elaborated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on 5-HT in the enteric nervous system, the expression of different enzymes and receptors of the 5-HT pathway in the brain and GI tract, GI transit and behavior. Zebrafish were fed either a high caloric diet during 4 weeks or a normal diet (CNTL). The proportion of serotonergic neurons in the GI tract was analyzed using immunofluorescent double staining. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed on brain and GI tissue to analyze the expression of 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT precursor, tryptophan hydroxylase (tph), 5-HT transporter (SERTa/b) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). GI transit was measured by gavaging glass beads or providing fluorescently labeled food and calculating the geometric centre (GC). Swim behavior was calculated as preferential swim area, swim speed and distance. Results showed an increase in body mass index after 4 weeks. Overfeeding increased the proportion of serotonergic neurons in the proximal GI tract. qPCR revealed significantly elevated levels for tph2, but not for tph1a/b, in the brain and the intestine of DIO fish. Furthermore, a significant increase in the expression of the 5-HT4 receptor and SERTa were observed in the brain, but not in the GI tract, while 5-HT2b receptor showed to be upregulated in the GI tract, but not the brain. GC was increased after feeding with fluorescently labeled food. Also, the intestinal length in DIO fish was significantly larger, indicating higher transit rates compared to CNTL fish. No differences in behavior were observed between the two groups. This study, revealed an increase in 5-HT expression in enteric neurons probably due to an increased tph2 expression in the intestine, resulting in increased GI transit. Furthermore, DIO exhibited increased expression of the 5-HT4 receptor and SERTa in the brain, and 5-HT2b receptor in the GI tract, respectively. The present data obtained from zebrafish are in line with earlier findings in mammalian models and further validate the zebrafish as a model for GI research.
肥胖是一种世界性的流行病,也是许多疾病的主要危险因素。摄食行为和体重的调节依赖于影响饱腹感和饥饿感的广泛的神经通路。5-羟色胺(5-HT)是那些被认为对能量稳态有深远影响的参与者之一。肥胖对胃肠道5-羟色胺代谢的影响及其潜在机制仍需进一步阐明。本研究旨在探讨饮食性肥胖(DIO)对肠道神经系统5-羟色胺(5-羟色胺)的影响、脑和胃肠道中5-羟色胺通路不同酶和受体的表达、GI转运和行为的影响。斑马鱼在4周内被喂食高热量饮食或正常饮食(CNTL)。采用免疫荧光双染色法分析胃肠道中血清素能神经元的比例。通过灌胃玻璃珠或提供荧光标记的食物并计算几何中心(GC)来测量GI转运。游泳行为计算为优先游泳区域、游泳速度和游泳距离。结果显示,4周后体重指数有所增加。过度喂养增加了近端胃肠道中血清素能神经元的比例。qPCR结果显示,DIO鱼的大脑和肠道中tph2水平显著升高,而tph1a/b水平无显著升高。此外,5-HT4受体和SERTa在大脑中表达显著增加,而在胃肠道中未见表达,5-HT2b受体在胃肠道中表达上调,而在大脑中未见表达上调。用荧光标记食物喂养后,GC增加。此外,与CNTL鱼相比,DIO鱼的肠道长度明显更大,表明转运率更高。没有观察到两组之间的行为差异。本研究显示肠道神经元中5-HT表达的增加可能是由于肠道中tph2表达的增加,导致GI转运增加。此外,DIO脑组织中5-HT4受体和SERTa以及胃肠道中5-HT2b受体的表达均有所增加。目前从斑马鱼身上获得的数据与早期在哺乳动物模型中的发现一致,进一步验证了斑马鱼作为GI研究模型的可行性。
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引用次数: 2
Low-level Laser Therapy in the Oral Cavity: A Retrospection in the Future 口腔低水平激光治疗:未来的回顾
Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.071
Eirini Papamanoli, K. Kyriakidou, I. Karoussis
Eirini Papamanoli1, Kyriaki Kyriakidou2, Ioannis K Karoussis3* 1DDS, MS Molecular Physiology, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 2Biologist, PhD, University of Ancona Italy, Post-doctoral researcher, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 3Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece *Correspondence should be addressed to Ioannis K Karoussis, ikaroussis@dent.uoa.gr
Eirini Papamanoli1, Kyriaki Kyriakidou2, Ioannis K Karoussis3* 1DDS, MS分子生理学,希腊雅典国立Kapodistrian大学2生物学家,博士,意大利安科纳大学,博士后研究员,希腊雅典国立Kapodistrian大学3副教授,牙周病学系,希腊雅典国立Kapodistrian大学牙科学院*通信请发送至Ioannis K Karoussis, ikaroussis@dent.uoa.gr
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引用次数: 0
C-di-GMP and Its Role in Regulation of Natural Products Production c -二gmp及其在天然产物生产中的调节作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.069
Olaf Latta, A. Bechthold
Natural products play a crucial role in the development of drugs. Over the last forty years one third of all approved drugs are natural products or derivatives from them. Additionally, another third uses at least a pharmacophore of a natural product. The therapeutic areas do not only cover the widely known fields of antibiotics and cytostatics, but also anticoagulants, anti-hypertensive or anti-diabetic drugs and many more [1]. Nevertheless, antibiotics are one of the most prominent fields for natural products. Increasing antibiotic resistance in the upcoming years is leading to an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics [2]. The World Health Organization stated the antibiotic resistance crisis to be a “global public health concern”. Also, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the European Medicines Agency are substantially concerned about the course in the last decades [2-4]. Streptomyces, a genus of the family Streptomycetaceae and the class Actinobacteria, are the largest source of natural products among microorganisms. A large proportion of all antibiotics originally derive from them [5]. However, in the last years only a handful of new drugs in the antibiotic field were approved. So, there is an urgent need to search for new natural compounds beyond of the existing ones [6]. A high rate of rediscovered compounds is one problem of common techniques for screening for new Abstract
天然产物在药物开发中起着至关重要的作用。在过去的四十年中,三分之一被批准的药物是天然产物或其衍生物。此外,另外三分之一的药物至少使用天然产物的药效团。治疗领域不仅包括众所周知的抗生素和细胞抑制剂,还包括抗凝血剂、降压药或降糖药等。然而,抗生素是天然产物最突出的领域之一。在未来几年中,抗生素耐药性的增加导致迫切需要开发新的抗生素。世界卫生组织表示,抗生素耐药性危机是一个“全球公共卫生问题”。此外,疾病控制和预防中心以及欧洲药品管理局也对过去几十年的发展过程非常关注[2-4]。链霉菌是链霉菌科和放线菌纲的一个属,是微生物中天然产物的最大来源。所有抗生素中有很大一部分最初来源于它们。然而,在过去的几年里,只有少数抗生素领域的新药获得批准。因此,迫切需要在现有化合物之外寻找新的天然化合物。化合物的重发现率高是新摘要筛选常用技术的一个问题
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引用次数: 0
Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Exosome-Related Diseases 外泌体相关疾病的新治疗策略
Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.072
H. Ageta, K. Tsuchida
The multivesicular body (MVB), also called late endosome, is a subset of specialized endosomal compartments rich in intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Multiple ILVs accumulate within MVBs [1,2]. ILVs are formed by invagination of the limiting membrane of early endosomes and budding into the lumen of the organelle. ILVs sequester specific proteins, lipids and cytosolic components. Although exosome release is known to be mediated by MVB, its regulation is not fully understood. Once MVBs fuse with lysosomes, the cargo of the ILVs is degraded. On the other hand, when MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane, the contents of ILVs are secreted outside the cell via exosomes. Most synthesized proteins are modified by post-translational modifiers, which regulate the amount, localization, stability, and activity of proteins. Post-translational modifications (PTM) are involved in the regulation of cellular functions [3]. The formation of MVB is known to be regulated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) systems [1], as well as tetraspanins and UBLs. ESCRT systems are also dependent on ubiquitination [4]. Recently, ubiquitin and UBLs were reported to be involved in the regulation of ILV and MVB. Proteins modified by ubiquitin, SUMO, or UBL3 were incorporated into MVB.
多泡体(MVB),也称为晚期核内体,是富含腔内囊泡(ILVs)的特化核内体区室的一个子集。多个ilv在MVBs中积累[1,2]。ilv是由早期核内体的限制膜内陷并出芽进入细胞器的管腔形成的。ilv隔离特定的蛋白质、脂质和细胞质成分。虽然已知外泌体释放是由MVB介导的,但其调控机制尚不完全清楚。一旦MVBs与溶酶体融合,ilv的货物就会被降解。另一方面,当MVBs与质膜融合时,ilv的内容物通过外泌体分泌到细胞外。大多数合成的蛋白质都被翻译后修饰剂修饰,这些修饰剂调节着蛋白质的数量、定位、稳定性和活性。翻译后修饰(PTM)参与细胞功能的调控。众所周知,MVB的形成受运输所需的内体分选复合物(ESCRT)系统[1]以及四跨蛋白和ubl的调节。ESCRT系统也依赖于泛素化[4]。最近,有报道称泛素和UBLs参与ILV和MVB的调控。将泛素、SUMO或UBL3修饰的蛋白掺入MVB中。
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引用次数: 0
TRPM8 Channels and SOCE: Modulatory Crosstalk between Na+ and Ca2+ Signaling TRPM8通道和SOCE: Na+和Ca2+信号之间的调制串扰
Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.063
G. H. Bomfim
The electrochemical driving forces across the plasma membrane mediated by ion channels, pumps, and exchangers are essential for cellular homeostasis, regulating a wide range of biological processes [1,2]. Although both excitable (e.g., neurons) and non-excitable (e.g., lymphocytes) cells manage their cellular functions through plasmalemmal ion flux, excitable cells change the membrane potential mediated by depolarization and voltage-gated ion channels, while nonexcitable cells control this process by the different downstream processes and ligand-gated ion channels [2,3]. Sodium (Na+) is the principal extracellular cation, being carried to the intracellular space mainly through inward Na+ currents (INa) [2]. Pioneering studies documented that inhibition of INa, but not the calcium (Ca2+) absence, abolished the action potential, indicating that Na+ influx is essential for cell excitability, action Abstract
离子通道、泵和交换器介导的跨质膜的电化学驱动力对细胞内稳态至关重要,调节着广泛的生物过程[1,2]。虽然可兴奋细胞(如神经元)和不可兴奋细胞(如淋巴细胞)都通过质浆离子通量来调节细胞功能,但可兴奋细胞通过去极化和电压门控离子通道来改变膜电位,而不可兴奋细胞通过不同的下游过程和配体门控离子通道来控制这一过程[2,3]。钠离子(Na+)是主要的细胞外阳离子,主要通过向内的Na+电流(INa)进入细胞内空间[2]。开创性的研究表明,抑制INa,而不是钙(Ca2+)缺失,消除了动作电位,这表明Na+内流对细胞兴奋性和动作至关重要
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引用次数: 1
AID and APOBEC3 Involvements in Non-Conventional IgD Class Switch Recombination in Mice AID和APOBEC3参与小鼠非常规IgD类开关重组
Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.3.066
Mélissa Ferrad, N. Ghazzaui, Hussein Issaoui, J. Cook-Moreau, Y. Denizot
Melissa Ferrad1,#, Nour Ghazzaui1,#, Hussein Issaoui2, Jeanne Cook-Moreau1, Yves Denizot1* 1Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, Université de Limoges, CBRS, rue Pr. Descottes, 87025 Limoges, France 2Present address : Nour Ghazzaui Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France; Hussein Issaoui Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3 M), 06204, Nice, France #These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence should be addressed to Yves Denizot, yves.denizot@unilim.fr
Melissa Ferrad1,#, Nour Ghazzaui1,#, Hussein Issaoui2, Jeanne Cook-Moreau1, Yves Denizot1* 1team labeled LIGUE 2018, UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, universite de Limoges, CBRS, rue Pr. Descottes, 87025 Limoges,法国2Present地址:Nour Ghazzaui疫苗研究所,INSERM U955, hospital Henri Mondor, 94010 creteil,法国;Hussein Issaoui universite cote d’Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre mediterrenne de medecine molmolecular (C3 M), 06204, Nice, France #这些作者对这项工作做出了同等的贡献*通信应发送到Yves Denizot, yves.denizot@unilim.fr
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of cellular signaling
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