Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000E113
Ashok Kumar, N. Arya
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid metabolite that regulates physiological functions including cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, lymphocyte trafficking, mitochondrial functions as well as carcinogenesis [1]. Growing evidences suggest that S1P promotes tumor growth while inhibiting apoptosis and conferring chemoand radiation resistance to cancer cells [2]. S1P is secreted in the extracellular environment and mediates its actions by binding to a family of G-protein-coupled receptors known as S1P receptors (S1PRs) in an autocrine as well as paracrine fashion [1]. S1P concentration is more in the circulatory fluid (blood and lymph) compared to lymphoid organs and tissue interstitial fluid. In blood, most of the plasma S1P is transported in bound state to highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) and albumin. On HDL, S1P remains attached to Apolipoprotein M (Apo M) where latter may protect S1P from degradation and facilitates its presentation to receptors [3]. The major sources of plasma S1P are endothelial cells, platelets and RBCs, while lymphatic S1P is produced by lymphatic endothelial cells [3].
{"title":"Mfsd2b, a Novel Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Transporter: Implication in Cancer Therapeutics","authors":"Ashok Kumar, N. Arya","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000E113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000E113","url":null,"abstract":"Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid metabolite that regulates physiological functions including cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, lymphocyte trafficking, mitochondrial functions as well as carcinogenesis [1]. Growing evidences suggest that S1P promotes tumor growth while inhibiting apoptosis and conferring chemoand radiation resistance to cancer cells [2]. S1P is secreted in the extracellular environment and mediates its actions by binding to a family of G-protein-coupled receptors known as S1P receptors (S1PRs) in an autocrine as well as paracrine fashion [1]. S1P concentration is more in the circulatory fluid (blood and lymph) compared to lymphoid organs and tissue interstitial fluid. In blood, most of the plasma S1P is transported in bound state to highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) and albumin. On HDL, S1P remains attached to Apolipoprotein M (Apo M) where latter may protect S1P from degradation and facilitates its presentation to receptors [3]. The major sources of plasma S1P are endothelial cells, platelets and RBCs, while lymphatic S1P is produced by lymphatic endothelial cells [3].","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42101973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000224
Clément-Duchêne Christelle, S. Julia, Baumann Anne-Sophie, Royer Philippe, Faivre Jean-Christophe, M. Olivier, Vignaud Jean-Michel, P. Michel, P. Didier, B. Véronique
Lung cancer incidence in the elderly is rising over year. The standard treatment for locally non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on a combination of chemotherapy and thoracic radiation. No standard is described or validated for patients older than 70 years. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the toxicities and the feasibility of daily cisplatin at a dose of 6 mg/m² during thoracic irradiation (66-70 Gray) in NSCLC with poor WHO performance status, and/or comorbidities. The second objective was to obtain a first estimation of survival for patients with stage III-IV. Between 2011 and 2015, 13 patients were retrieved from the hospital database. The median age was 71.3 years, and the most frequent histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma (69%). The most frequent grade 2 adverse events were cardiac (n=3) or digestive (n=1). No pulmonary toxicity was observed. For the 10 patients with stage III-IV, the median progression free survival was 171 months. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 90%, and the 2-years OS was 67%. The combination of daily cisplatin with thoracic radiation is effective, and well tolerated in fragile NSCLC patients. This association should be evaluated in clinical trials.
{"title":"Combination of Daily Low Dose Cisplatin with Thoracic Radiation in Locally Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Fragile Patients: An Experimental Monocentric Serie","authors":"Clément-Duchêne Christelle, S. Julia, Baumann Anne-Sophie, Royer Philippe, Faivre Jean-Christophe, M. Olivier, Vignaud Jean-Michel, P. Michel, P. Didier, B. Véronique","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer incidence in the elderly is rising over year. The standard treatment for locally non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on a combination of chemotherapy and thoracic radiation. No standard is described or validated for patients older than 70 years. \u0000The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the toxicities and the feasibility of daily cisplatin at a dose of 6 mg/m² during thoracic irradiation (66-70 Gray) in NSCLC with poor WHO performance status, and/or comorbidities. The second objective was to obtain a first estimation of survival for patients with stage III-IV. \u0000Between 2011 and 2015, 13 patients were retrieved from the hospital database. The median age was 71.3 years, and the most frequent histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma (69%). The most frequent grade 2 adverse events were cardiac (n=3) or digestive (n=1). No pulmonary toxicity was observed. For the 10 patients with stage III-IV, the median progression free survival was 171 months. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 90%, and the 2-years OS was 67%. \u0000The combination of daily cisplatin with thoracic radiation is effective, and well tolerated in fragile NSCLC patients. This association should be evaluated in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42826577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000220
J. Yeh, I. Iankov, M. Min, M. A. Rahim, D. Roos
Objective: Timing of post-radical prostatectomy (RP) radiotherapy (RT) in patients with high risk prostate cancer continues to be debated. This is a retrospective review aiming to evaluate the influence of pre-RT prostate specific antigen (PSA) values on postprostatectomy RT outcomes in one Australian center. Method: Eligible patients were treated at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between January 2004 and December 2013, excluding those with nodal or distant metastatic disease pre-RT, or those who received neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy pre-RT. The primary endpoint of biochemical failure-free survival (bFFS) was defined as time from RP to date of biochemical failure (bF). Covariates of Gleason score, post-RP PSA, and pre-RT PSA were further analysed in relation to bFFS. Results: 103 of 122 patients underwent final analysis (8 were excluded for the above reasons; 11 had missing data). Median follow-up from RP was 60 months. Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-year survival probabilities were 93.5%, 83.4%, 82.4%, 76.6% and 71% respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between bFFS and pathological T-stage (p=0.1), surgical margin involvement (p=0.7), or RT total dose (p=0.8). Analysis based on KM survival distributions and log-rank tests suggest that pathological Gleason score may have some influence on bFFS (p=0.04). Doubling the pre-RT PSA whilst holding all other factors and covariates constant, increases the hazard of bF at a particular time-point by approximately 19% on average. Conclusion: This single-institution retrospective study provides reasonable evidence for influence of pre-RT PSA on post-RP RT outcomes, arguing for earlier referral for RT.
{"title":"Post-Prostatectomy Radiotherapy in a Single Tertiary Institution: Outcomes Relating to Pre-Radiotherapy Prostate Specific Antigen","authors":"J. Yeh, I. Iankov, M. Min, M. A. Rahim, D. Roos","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000220","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Timing of post-radical prostatectomy (RP) radiotherapy (RT) in patients with high risk prostate cancer continues to be debated. This is a retrospective review aiming to evaluate the influence of pre-RT prostate specific antigen (PSA) values on postprostatectomy RT outcomes in one Australian center. \u0000Method: Eligible patients were treated at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between January 2004 and December 2013, excluding those with nodal or distant metastatic disease pre-RT, or those who received neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy pre-RT. The primary endpoint of biochemical failure-free survival (bFFS) was defined as time from RP to date of biochemical failure (bF). Covariates of Gleason score, post-RP PSA, and pre-RT PSA were further analysed in relation to bFFS. \u0000Results: 103 of 122 patients underwent final analysis (8 were excluded for the above reasons; 11 had missing data). Median follow-up from RP was 60 months. Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-year survival probabilities were 93.5%, 83.4%, 82.4%, 76.6% and 71% respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between bFFS and pathological T-stage (p=0.1), surgical margin involvement (p=0.7), or RT total dose (p=0.8). Analysis based on KM survival distributions and log-rank tests suggest that pathological Gleason score may have some influence on bFFS (p=0.04). Doubling the pre-RT PSA whilst holding all other factors and covariates constant, increases the hazard of bF at a particular time-point by approximately 19% on average. \u0000Conclusion: This single-institution retrospective study provides reasonable evidence for influence of pre-RT PSA on post-RP RT outcomes, arguing for earlier referral for RT.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44378597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of cancer treatment using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the screening process of suitable biologics and indications attracts much attention. A general definition of ‘screening’ in the biopharmaceutical industry includes three aspects: the appropriate biologics for the specific cancers, the appropriate indications for the specific biologics and the promising biologic candidates from the pool at the pre-clinical drug discovery stage. Effective screening strategies in the biopharmaceutical industry are crucial to accelerate the drug commercialization process and select the effective biologics for patients. The current status of commercial mAbs and the global pharmaceutical market was briefly reviewed. The mechanism of commercial mAbs and the indications, as well as the current technologies for mAbs screening in the new drug discovery and cell line development stages were systematically reviewed, with an aim as a beneficial reference for screening highquality mAbs, appropriate indications with efficient technologies.
{"title":"Screening of Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Treatment","authors":"Peifeng Tang, Shao-rong Liang, Jianlin Xu, Shaoxiong Wang, Lijun Wang, Shijie Liu","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000225","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of cancer treatment using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the screening process of suitable biologics and indications attracts much attention. A general definition of ‘screening’ in the biopharmaceutical industry includes three aspects: the appropriate biologics for the specific cancers, the appropriate indications for the specific biologics and the promising biologic candidates from the pool at the pre-clinical drug discovery stage. Effective screening strategies in the biopharmaceutical industry are crucial to accelerate the drug commercialization process and select the effective biologics for patients. The current status of commercial mAbs and the global pharmaceutical market was briefly reviewed. The mechanism of commercial mAbs and the indications, as well as the current technologies for mAbs screening in the new drug discovery and cell line development stages were systematically reviewed, with an aim as a beneficial reference for screening highquality mAbs, appropriate indications with efficient technologies.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47008381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-18DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000214
Kengo Gotoh, E. Shinto, Y. Yoshida, H. Ueno, Y. Kajiwara, M. Yamadera, K. Nagata, H. Tsuda, J. Yamamoto, K. Hase
Objectives: Cancer subtypes classified according to DNA microarray data predict prognosis with high accuracy. Here we constructed a new colon cancer (CC) subtype classification based on only of genes with known biological functions with the aim of establishing a new prognostic model for clinical use. Methods: We performed an expression correlation analysis using data for 73 primary CC cases in the public dataset (learning set), focusing on genes located on the long arms of chromosomes 18 and 20 and stromal-related genes. We determined the representation of each gene in the modules with closely correlated expression levels in the same module. Mutations in KRAS, BRAF and TP53 were assessed using direct sequencing. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was analyzed using the Bethesda reference panel. Results: We constructed a discriminant model with a view to classifying CC into three subtypes (“stromal”, “chromosomal instability [CIN]-like”, “MSI-like”) based on the expression levels of 55 genes of the Learning set. When we applied this predictor to microarray data from other patients with stage II/III colon cancer (n=258, test set), we discovered a significant difference in diseasefree survival between the stromal subtype and the other subtypes (p=1.25e-03). Accordingly, we created an integrated prognostic model for classifying the patients into high- and low-risk groups according to the expression levels of the 55 genes and KRAS mutations (p=1.56e-06). Analysis of independent specimens from patients with stage II/III colon cancer who underwent radical resection (n=59, validation set) confirmed the prognostic value of our model (p=4.75e-02). Conclusion: The model produced a biologically discriminatory classifier that associated MSI status with the risk of recurrence that may be clinically applicable to the selection of patients with Stage II/ III CC for adjuvant therapy.
{"title":"Prognostic Model of Stage II/III Colon Cancer Constructed using Gene Expression Subtypes and KRAS Mutation Status","authors":"Kengo Gotoh, E. Shinto, Y. Yoshida, H. Ueno, Y. Kajiwara, M. Yamadera, K. Nagata, H. Tsuda, J. Yamamoto, K. Hase","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Cancer subtypes classified according to DNA microarray data predict prognosis with high accuracy. Here we constructed a new colon cancer (CC) subtype classification based on only of genes with known biological functions with the aim of establishing a new prognostic model for clinical use. \u0000Methods: We performed an expression correlation analysis using data for 73 primary CC cases in the public dataset (learning set), focusing on genes located on the long arms of chromosomes 18 and 20 and stromal-related genes. We determined the representation of each gene in the modules with closely correlated expression levels in the same module. Mutations in KRAS, BRAF and TP53 were assessed using direct sequencing. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was analyzed using the Bethesda reference panel. \u0000Results: We constructed a discriminant model with a view to classifying CC into three subtypes (“stromal”, “chromosomal instability [CIN]-like”, “MSI-like”) based on the expression levels of 55 genes of the Learning set. When we applied this predictor to microarray data from other patients with stage II/III colon cancer (n=258, test set), we discovered a significant difference in diseasefree survival between the stromal subtype and the other subtypes (p=1.25e-03). Accordingly, we created an integrated prognostic model for classifying the patients into high- and low-risk groups according to the expression levels of the 55 genes and KRAS mutations (p=1.56e-06). Analysis of independent specimens from patients with stage II/III colon cancer who underwent radical resection (n=59, validation set) confirmed the prognostic value of our model (p=4.75e-02). \u0000Conclusion: The model produced a biologically discriminatory classifier that associated MSI status with the risk of recurrence that may be clinically applicable to the selection of patients with Stage II/ III CC for adjuvant therapy.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43146496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000217
M. Abdallah, A. Ali, I. Ibrahim, F. Musa, R. John
Context: Neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder are rare, accounting for 0.35- 0.7% of all bladder cancers. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a type of neuroendocrine tumor, and it accounts for 0.5- 1% of all tumors of the bladder in some reports, and 0.53% other reports. It is a highly aggressive tumor that presents with nonspecific symptoms. Overall survival of non-metastatic disease is estimated to be about 20.7 month. The survival rate becomes much lower in metastatic disease, with 1-year survival rate about 30%. Case Report: A 74-year-old ex- smoker male patient presents to the hospital with the chronic complaint of back pain, and a new complaint of urine retention and dark urine. Lumbar spine MRI showed extensive vertebral metastasis and spinal canal stenosis. Cystoscopy showed a large bladder tumor with evident muscle invasion (clinical T3 stage by cystoscopy). Further evaluation showed liver, osseous, adrenal and retroperitoneal metastasis in addition to diffuse bony involvement. The patient received palliative radiotherapy in addition to 4 cycles of chemotherapy (carboplatin- etoposide) with subsequent progression. The patient was planned to start Nivolumab immunotherapy, however, he passed away before that. Conclusion: SCCB is a highly malignant NET, usually presenting with symptoms suggestive of advanced disease. Bad prognostic factors include age >60 ears, metastatic disease, local vascular and perineural invasion. Clinical trials addressing specifically SCCB and its treatment are rare. SCCB is often treated according to small cell lung cancer guidelines with platinum-based and etoposide chemotherapy, with poor outcomes in metastatic disease. Some clinicians consider immunotherapy with (Nivolumab) as a last resort in addition to palliative radiotherapy.
{"title":"Does Bladder Cancer Pathology Matter in Prognosis and Treatment","authors":"M. Abdallah, A. Ali, I. Ibrahim, F. Musa, R. John","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000217","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder are rare, accounting for 0.35- 0.7% of all bladder cancers. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a type of neuroendocrine tumor, and it accounts for 0.5- 1% of all tumors of the bladder in some reports, and 0.53% other reports. It is a highly aggressive tumor that presents with nonspecific symptoms. Overall survival of non-metastatic disease is estimated to be about 20.7 month. The survival rate becomes much lower in metastatic disease, with 1-year survival rate about 30%. \u0000Case Report: A 74-year-old ex- smoker male patient presents to the hospital with the chronic complaint of back pain, and a new complaint of urine retention and dark urine. Lumbar spine MRI showed extensive vertebral metastasis and spinal canal stenosis. Cystoscopy showed a large bladder tumor with evident muscle invasion (clinical T3 stage by cystoscopy). Further evaluation showed liver, osseous, adrenal and retroperitoneal metastasis in addition to diffuse bony involvement. \u0000The patient received palliative radiotherapy in addition to 4 cycles of chemotherapy (carboplatin- etoposide) with subsequent progression. The patient was planned to start Nivolumab immunotherapy, however, he passed away before that. \u0000Conclusion: SCCB is a highly malignant NET, usually presenting with symptoms suggestive of advanced disease. Bad prognostic factors include age >60 ears, metastatic disease, local vascular and perineural invasion. Clinical trials addressing specifically SCCB and its treatment are rare. SCCB is often treated according to small cell lung cancer guidelines with platinum-based and etoposide chemotherapy, with poor outcomes in metastatic disease. Some clinicians consider immunotherapy with (Nivolumab) as a last resort in addition to palliative radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48814011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-09DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000216
R. Frantsev, J. Nes, U. Sure
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas account for only 0.3 to 1.5% of all central nervous neoplasms and are mainly subdivided in B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. Primary spinal involvement of PNCLS is a very rare disease, most being metastatic. We report a rare case of a 62-yearold male with a short history of progressive paraparesis. MRI of the spine showed a homogeneous contrast enhanced tumor mass with dural attachment, assuming a spinal meningioma. During surgery the tumor appeared diffusely grown into the spinal cord without detectable margins. Histological work-up brought up the diagnosis of a diffuse large B-cell-lymphoma (DLBCL). We illustrate the diagnostic steps and pitfalls and highlight the multimodal therapy and oncological features of this rare disease.
{"title":"Primary Intramedullary Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma Mimicking a Spinal Meningioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"R. Frantsev, J. Nes, U. Sure","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Hodgkin lymphomas account for only 0.3 to 1.5% of all central nervous neoplasms and are mainly subdivided in B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. Primary spinal involvement of PNCLS is a very rare disease, most being metastatic. We report a rare case of a 62-yearold male with a short history of progressive paraparesis. MRI of the spine showed a homogeneous contrast enhanced tumor mass with dural attachment, assuming a spinal meningioma. During surgery the tumor appeared diffusely grown into the spinal cord without detectable margins. Histological work-up brought up the diagnosis of a diffuse large B-cell-lymphoma (DLBCL). We illustrate the diagnostic steps and pitfalls and highlight the multimodal therapy and oncological features of this rare disease.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41380466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-09DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000218
M. Mohamed, O. Harb, Nashwa Nawar, Heba F. Taha, S. A. Amer, Eman A. Eltokhy, L. Gertallah, Walid A. Mawla, D. AbdElmonem
Background: Although there is marked improvement in breast carcinoma (BC) management, it is still the leading cause of cancer death in middle-aged and old females, which leads to emergence of many studies about recent prognostic biomarkers that aimed to discover new therapeutic targets for BC. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a member of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family. Slug is a member of the Snail family that is a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor and plays an essential role in Epithelialmesenchymal transition [EMT] process activation in cancer. Our study aimed: To evaluate FAK and SLUG expressions in BC, to correlate their expressions with differentiation, invasiveness, metastatic potential of such type of cancer in addition to correlation with recurrence free and overall survival rates of female patients with breast cancer. Methods: We have assessed FAK and SLUG expressions in sections from 50 paraffin blocks of breast carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. We analysed correlations between their levels of expressions, clinic-pathological and prognostic criteria of our BC patients. Results: FAK and SLUG positive expression in breast carcinoma was related to positive expression in breast carcinoma was significantly correlated with aggressive molecular subtypes as HER2 amplified and triple negative subtypes, presence of lymph node metastases, high KI67 index, presence of distant metastasis (p<0.001 for all of them), negative ER & PR (p= 0.08), The expression of both markers was significantly positively correlated with each other (p<0.001). FAK and SLUG positive expression in breast carcinoma was associated with shortened recurrence free and overall survival rates (p<0.00). Conclusion: FAK and SLUG are markers of poor prognosis of breast carcinoma patients.
{"title":"The Value of FAK and SLUG Expression in Patients with Breast Carcinoma and Relation of Their Expression to Clinicopathological and Prognostic Parameters","authors":"M. Mohamed, O. Harb, Nashwa Nawar, Heba F. Taha, S. A. Amer, Eman A. Eltokhy, L. Gertallah, Walid A. Mawla, D. AbdElmonem","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although there is marked improvement in breast carcinoma (BC) management, it is still the leading cause of cancer death in middle-aged and old females, which leads to emergence of many studies about recent prognostic biomarkers that aimed to discover new therapeutic targets for BC. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a member of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family. Slug is a member of the Snail family that is a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor and plays an essential role in Epithelialmesenchymal transition [EMT] process activation in cancer. \u0000Our study aimed: To evaluate FAK and SLUG expressions in BC, to correlate their expressions with differentiation, invasiveness, metastatic potential of such type of cancer in addition to correlation with recurrence free and overall survival rates of female patients with breast cancer. \u0000Methods: We have assessed FAK and SLUG expressions in sections from 50 paraffin blocks of breast carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. We analysed correlations between their levels of expressions, clinic-pathological and prognostic criteria of our BC patients. \u0000Results: FAK and SLUG positive expression in breast carcinoma was related to positive expression in breast carcinoma was significantly correlated with aggressive molecular subtypes as HER2 amplified and triple negative subtypes, presence of lymph node metastases, high KI67 index, presence of distant metastasis (p<0.001 for all of them), negative ER & PR (p= 0.08), The expression of both markers was significantly positively correlated with each other (p<0.001). FAK and SLUG positive expression in breast carcinoma was associated with shortened recurrence free and overall survival rates (p<0.00). \u0000Conclusion: FAK and SLUG are markers of poor prognosis of breast carcinoma patients.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-09DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000215
Hamdallah H Al-Baseesee, Imad Al-Sabri, Amina B Aldujele, Zuhair Allebban
Background: Among the solid malignancies of bone, osteosarcomas are the most common, but unfortunately there has not been solid new therapy for this disease. In this study, we emphasized on the prognostic markers of the disease and our goal was to present the clinical and demographic outcomes of osteosarcoma patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients (17 male, 13 female) osteosarcoma patients treated and followed up in Middle Euphrates Cancer Center Therapy in Najaf, Iraq from 2016 to 2017 were reviewed prospectively and retrospectively. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and bone-specific ALP (bsALP) were analyzed both before and after chemotherapy. Patients were also examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Seventeen male and thirteen female patients were diagnosed with metastatic (except one male and one female) osteosarcoma located at extremities. The patients showed an increase in the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bone specific ALP. A strong correlation was demonstrated between LDH and MRI results. Conclusions: In this study, LDH and MRI were found to be the most important prognostic factors in osteosarcoma patients. An increase in serum level of ALP, LDH, and bone specific ALP was observed. A Significant correlation was indicated between LDH and MRI results. An increase in sample size and the use of more effective and active agents of chemotherapy, especially for metastatic cases are needed.
{"title":"Prognostic Markers in Osteosarcoma Patients in the Najaf Province of Iraq","authors":"Hamdallah H Al-Baseesee, Imad Al-Sabri, Amina B Aldujele, Zuhair Allebban","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000215","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among the solid malignancies of bone, osteosarcomas are the most common, but unfortunately there has not been solid new therapy for this disease. In this study, we emphasized on the prognostic markers of the disease and our goal was to present the clinical and demographic outcomes of osteosarcoma patients. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients (17 male, 13 female) osteosarcoma patients treated and followed up in Middle Euphrates Cancer Center Therapy in Najaf, Iraq from 2016 to 2017 were reviewed prospectively and retrospectively. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and bone-specific ALP (bsALP) were analyzed both before and after chemotherapy. Patients were also examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). \u0000Results: Seventeen male and thirteen female patients were diagnosed with metastatic (except one male and one female) osteosarcoma located at extremities. The patients showed an increase in the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bone specific ALP. A strong correlation was demonstrated between LDH and MRI results. \u0000Conclusions: In this study, LDH and MRI were found to be the most important prognostic factors in osteosarcoma patients. An increase in serum level of ALP, LDH, and bone specific ALP was observed. A Significant correlation was indicated between LDH and MRI results. An increase in sample size and the use of more effective and active agents of chemotherapy, especially for metastatic cases are needed.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49052123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-13DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000208
B. Partsvania, G. Kochiashvili, Alex, er Khuskivadze
The current imaging methods for the prostate cancer diagnosis are complicated and partially invasive. Therefore, a key challenge for prostate cancer detection is to use a simple and non-invasive method. Imaging plays a crucial role in the non-invasive identification, localization and grading of prostate carcinoma. In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility using of polarized a near infrared (NIR) light for the in vitro prostate cancer detection and imaging. Because the intensity of NIR light passing through the cancerous outgrowth is lower than the intensity of NIR light passing through the noncancerous one, the cancerous formations are differentiated as the dark areas in the relatively white background. Specially developed software analyses and processes a distribution of intensities of the grayscale images, measures the ratios of their strength, and determines the rate of prostate malignancy. Obtained results may hold promise to make an important contribution to the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the early stage of its development.
{"title":"Utilization of the Polarized Infrared Light for Prostate Cancer Visualization in Isolated Prostates","authors":"B. Partsvania, G. Kochiashvili, Alex, er Khuskivadze","doi":"10.4172/2324-9110.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9110.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"The current imaging methods for the prostate cancer diagnosis are complicated and partially invasive. Therefore, a key challenge for prostate cancer detection is to use a simple and non-invasive method. Imaging plays a crucial role in the non-invasive identification, localization and grading of prostate carcinoma. In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility using of polarized a near infrared (NIR) light for the in vitro prostate cancer detection and imaging. Because the intensity of NIR light passing through the cancerous outgrowth is lower than the intensity of NIR light passing through the noncancerous one, the cancerous formations are differentiated as the dark areas in the relatively white background. Specially developed software analyses and processes a distribution of intensities of the grayscale images, measures the ratios of their strength, and determines the rate of prostate malignancy. Obtained results may hold promise to make an important contribution to the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the early stage of its development.","PeriodicalId":73658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44359833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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