Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care最新文献

The participation of incarcerated individuals in research is necessary to appropriately address the health disparities that affect them and to adapt and implement health services for the carceral setting. Incarceration significantly impacts health, leading to negative outcomes including accelerated aging and increased mortality, with these effects disproportionately impacting communities of color. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office for Human Research Protections outlines ethical approaches to compensating individuals who participate in research activities, yet lacks specific guidance for payment within carceral settings. Historical abuses in carceral research underscore the persistent need for robust protections for incarcerated research participants. Existing regulations offer some protection but inadequately address ethical payment practices. Substantial variability in payment policies across carceral systems and vague national guidelines pose ethical challenges in ensuring equitable treatment for incarcerated research participants. We outline the ethical concerns related to compensating incarcerated individuals for participating in research and present a framework of approaches to payment. We argue for payment parity between incarcerated and community research participants. More community-engaged research is needed to understand the perspectives of incarcerated individuals on ethical payment.

The Texas Christian University Hub of the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network Project includes a partnership with state criminal justice (CJ) agencies with the goal of impacting state- and local-level policies and practices that will lead to increased access to and retention in community-based substance use treatment services among parole clients. This article outlines how we successfully fostered policy changes and includes a five-step process for how researchers can bridge the gap between research and CJ agencies to implement similar changes. This process included the use of various strategies to support the justice partners in their efforts to implement changes within their organization.

People who experience incarceration have a heightened risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediated by both traditional and incarceration-specific risk factors related to their environment. In this Viewpoint, we summarize what is known about the epidemiology and management of acute CV events, specifically acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure exacerbation (CHFe), and stroke, among people who are incarcerated. We also highlight gaps in available evidence. Our literature review found no studies that provided population-based rates (e.g., events per 1,000 incarcerated persons per year) of AMI, CHFe, or stroke in people who are incarcerated. Similarly, we did not identify any empirical studies that systematically described the treatment of AMI, CHFe, or stroke in this population. We outline a series of research studies that should be conducted to inform future interventions and guide quality improvement efforts.

The goal was to study the implementation of rapid BINAX COVID-19 testing at criminal justice reentry sites, focusing on framework-guided implementation outcomes. We implemented rapid COVID-19 testing at nine reentry sites in four states (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and New York) and collected test results to measure the (1) adoptability and (2) implementability of COVID-19 testing at reentry sites. We collected data on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the implementation of COVID-19 testing using an anonymous employee Qualtrics survey. Testing was available to symptomatic and exposed residents and employees. COVID-19 testing results were collected from October 2021 to March 2022. Guided by the Expert Recommendations in Implementing Change (ERIC) framework, we chose nine implementation strategies to address barriers during the implementation process. Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility outcomes were captured from employees using validated measures. A total of 302 BINAX COVID-19 tests were used and 26 positive cases were identified. Forty-seven percent of employees participated in the survey. More than half of respondents either agreed or completely agreed with statements about the acceptability, appropriateness, or feasibility of COVID-19 testing. Funding and attention toward COVID-19 testing at reentry sites should be provided to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 in these sites.

Incarceration is associated with adverse health outcomes, including higher rates of infectious diseases. Poor health literacy in this population is a likely contributing factor, making health education a potential tool to help address these health disparities. This article aims to describe the implementation of a novel medical student-led educational initiative in the jail setting as a tool to promote health literacy and decrease the infectious disease burden in the correctional setting. A four-part infectious disease health education curriculum was developed and tailored to a carceral context. The course was offered on a voluntary basis to members of a reentry program at a local county jail. Pre- and postcourse surveys were used to evaluate the course effectiveness. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the participants' reported confidence for recognizing the symptoms of and seeking appropriate treatment for common infections, including sexually transmitted, respiratory, and blood-borne infections. To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first medical student-led programs of its kind to be described in existing literature. This program hopes to continue refining its curricular offerings and serve as a model for medical schools across the country to increase trainee engagement.

The nutritional content of food in carceral institutions is important because it influences weight gain and health during incarceration. This systematic review assessed the available quantitative data and nutritional analyses of food in carceral institutions. Methodology is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement with four phases (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion). Nine articles were selected. Most carceral institutions provided adequate nutrition for micronutrients, except for vitamin D (inadequate) and sodium (excessive). Most menus followed recommendations for macronutrients. Food from the commissary stores is high in calories, sugar, fat, and sodium. Most menus are adequate according to Dietary Reference Intakes. Changing menus drastically to meet nutritional targets may lead to consuming more food from commissary, potentially leading to poorer eating. For some menus, minor adjustments could bring the nutritional content closer to recommendations.

CHOICES-TEEN is a bundled intervention aimed at reducing the risks of unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies for adolescent girls involved in the juvenile justice system. We examined youths' (N = 22) elicited pros and cons concerning alcohol, tobacco, condom, and contraception use to inform future iterations of CHOICES-TEEN and other prevention programming during a one-arm pilot study. Content analysis was used to identify recurring themes elicited and recorded during a decisional balance exercise with a counselor. The most recurrent pros and cons were factors that directly affected these adolescents, with more immediate consequences. The results provide insight into motivations for engaging in substance use and risky sexual behaviors for these youth, as well as barriers to change.