Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care最新文献

Many chronic medical conditions that can result from poor nutrition are more prevalent in the incarcerated population than in the general population. With the increasing prevalence of chronic medical conditions and limited knowledge on foods accessible to the population, this study assessed the 4-week menu fed to all incarcerated males at state-run facilities in Alabama. Compared with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for the average incarcerated male, the percentage of energy from total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol exceeded the recommendation. In contrast, the menu failed to provide the recommended fiber intakes and most vitamins and minerals met less than two thirds of recommendations. Small revisions in the menu could minimize the risk of developing chronic medical conditions and increase quality of life.

This integrative review examines the use of appreciative inquiry in correctional health care settings, following the guidelines of Whittemore and Knafl. Using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Research Evidence Appraisal Tool, it assessed the level and quality of the evidence. Search terms included appreciative inquiry AND healthcare, appreciative inquiry AND nursing practice, and appreciative inquiry AND criminal justice. Nine of the 92 articles reviewed used steps of the appreciative inquiry process and were selected for the final review and analysis. Most study authors recommended organizational change. In carceral settings, appreciative inquiry was used to reduce bias, increase empowerment, and improve workplace relationships. Wider dissemination of the usefulness of this process is needed to address workforce shortages.

People who experience incarceration have a heightened risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediated by both traditional and incarceration-specific risk factors related to their environment. In this Viewpoint, we summarize what is known about the epidemiology and management of acute CV events, specifically acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure exacerbation (CHFe), and stroke, among people who are incarcerated. We also highlight gaps in available evidence. Our literature review found no studies that provided population-based rates (e.g., events per 1,000 incarcerated persons per year) of AMI, CHFe, or stroke in people who are incarcerated. Similarly, we did not identify any empirical studies that systematically described the treatment of AMI, CHFe, or stroke in this population. We outline a series of research studies that should be conducted to inform future interventions and guide quality improvement efforts.

People in prison are at an increased risk of long-term conditions that have been associated with poor nutrition intake, low levels of physical activity, and obesity. We aim to identify the necessary components of nutrition education to impact the health and health behaviors of people in prison. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines informed the structure of this article. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022353925). Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published in the English language from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2023. Data were extracted and narrative synthesis completed. The search identified 394 studies, of which 10 studies included nutrition education delivered to and with people in prison. In most cases, nutrition was one element of a complex intervention, with the inclusion of physical activity and/or a focus on health. The outcomes measured varied considerably across studies; therefore, our narrative synthesis explored the (1) development and delivery, (2) content, and (3) impact of nutrition education delivered for people in prison. There remains a need for nutrition education for people in prison, developed through coproduction, that encompasses their individual needs, with quantifiable outcome measures through validated tools and/or physiological measures.

Individuals who work in medication-assisted treatment (MAT) programs that serve justice-involved populations face challenging conditions that can cause elevated levels of stress. Although some studies focus on stress faced by MAT professionals, few examine their coping mechanisms. This study applies the Mayo Clinic's "4A's" of stress management-accept, adapt, avoid, and alter-to better understand ways medical staff working in MAT programs manage stress. The research team used NVivo software to analyze original qualitative data from 83 MAT employees servicing justice-involved populations. The 4A's framework successfully applies to the MAT employee context. Specifically, respondents relied on the stress management techniques accept and adapt more often than avoid and alter. Descriptive demographic trends were found in the data, including Black females most often reporting they accept and adapt to stress at work. In contrast, White females chose acceptance over other management tactics, although they also reported avoidance more than other groups. MAT organizations should empower employees to amend stressors to improve personal and professional outcomes. Future studies should use qualitative and quantitative methods to examine stress in industries with compounding stressors, such as MAT professionals working in justice settings.

In hospitals across the country, most patients admitted from jails or prisons receive their care in custodial restraints regardless of clinical concerns or public safety risk. Blanket restraint protocols are deemed necessary for public safety; however, the indiscriminate use of custodial restraints causes harm to patients physically, mentally, and through propagation of prejudice. Hospitals and correctional officials must create policies that allow for a case-by-case analysis of patients to develop an individualized custodial restraint plan that will balance public safety and patient care needs. In this Viewpoint, we recommend a collaborative stakeholder approach to address this needed public policy evolution. Now is the time for health care professionals, correctional and hospital administrators, those with lived incarceration experience, and community members to work together to create policies on custodial restraints that support patient healing and reduce physical harm, emotional distress, and prejudice while optimizing staff and public safety.

The epidemic of opioid overdose brought a major health crisis to the front line of public health in the United States. Early efforts have focused on the prevention of production, distribution, and consumption of the drugs. However, there is little information about youth populations at risk for opioid overdose and their response to targeted treatment plans. The San Bernardino County Youth Opioid Response (SBCYOR) coalition in collaboration with the San Bernadino County (SBC) Probation Department organized a safety net system for at-risk youth by improving communication among county resources. This program mainly focused on individuals aged 12 to 24 years in the county's detention centers along with educational and prevention projects such as naloxone programs for first responders in the region. To describe the impact of the SBCYOR program on at-risk youth, we compare the frequencies of patients referred and treated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) at the SBC Probation Department, which was responsible for individuals from age 12 to less than 18 years, with those from the West Valley Detention Center (WVDC), which was responsible for adults (18 to 24 years of age), from September 2020 through June 2022. Similar proportions of youths were referred for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) at the respective sites (3.7% SBC Probation Department, 3.6% WVDC). Of these, however, 78.0% were treated with MOUD at SBC Probation Department compared with only 7.1% at WVDC. SBCYOR coalition partners were able to transform their services into a comprehensive medical and behavioral health program for the incarcerated youth population at risk for OUD.

Many people with HIV (PWH) in jail have not been well engaged in HIV treatment in the community. This study aimed to assess the impact of a data exchange paired with care coordination for PWH on HIV outcomes after jail release. We developed an automated process to match jail booking records with HIV surveillance data. Health department HIV relinkage specialists and jail release planners used the data in weekly case conferences to facilitate care coordination for PWH who were out of care (no CD4 or viral load [VL] reported in the past 12 months) or viremic (VL ≥ 200 copies/mL) before booking. We compared VL testing within 3 months after release and viral suppression (VL < 200 copies/mL) within 6 months after release in preintervention (October 1, 2016-October 1, 2017) versus postintervention (April 1, 2018-February 1, 2019) periods using Cox proportional hazard models. Comparing 153 bookings among PWH in the preintervention period to 80 in the postintervention period, VL testing after release did not differ (47% vs. 55%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-1.64) nor did viral suppression (35% vs. 44%; aHR: 1.28 [95% CI: 0.80-2.05]). Data exchange and care coordination are insufficient to improve postrelease outcomes among PWH without additional interventions in the jail and community.