G. Panayiotou, Marios Theodorou, Scott R. Vrana, N. Konstantinou
Alexithymic individuals have difficulties processing emotional stimuli, including faces, and may require more resources to process such stimuli. Alexithymia may interact with task characteristics, like perceptual load, which modulates the processing capacity allocated to task-relevant, versus task-irrelevant stimuli. We examined effects of load and distractor type (face, object) and valence (threatening, neutral), and alexithymia on performing a letter-search task. We assessed reaction time, accuracy, and heart rate to index arousal and cognitive effort. Perceptual load, distractor presence, type and valence showed expected effects. Alexithymia did not meaningfully affect reaction time, but was associated with decreased accuracy when distractors were threatening, under low perceptual load. HR did not suggest changes in resources mobilized depending on alexithymia level. Results suggest that alexithymic individuals perceived emotional stimuli and were able to maintain intact reaction time, though this came with a cost in accuracy. Absence of HR effects suggests that no additional resources were recruited to remedy this difficulty. Overall, results suggest that emotional stimuli are perceived in alexithymia at early stages, but resources are not appropriately allocated to prevent performance impairment.
{"title":"I can take my eyes off of you: Effect of alexithymia and perceptual load on processing emotional faces","authors":"G. Panayiotou, Marios Theodorou, Scott R. Vrana, N. Konstantinou","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Alexithymic individuals have difficulties processing emotional stimuli, including faces, and may require more resources to process such stimuli. Alexithymia may interact with task characteristics, like perceptual load, which modulates the processing capacity allocated to task-relevant, versus task-irrelevant stimuli. We examined effects of load and distractor type (face, object) and valence (threatening, neutral), and alexithymia on performing a letter-search task. We assessed reaction time, accuracy, and heart rate to index arousal and cognitive effort. Perceptual load, distractor presence, type and valence showed expected effects. Alexithymia did not meaningfully affect reaction time, but was associated with decreased accuracy when distractors were threatening, under low perceptual load. HR did not suggest changes in resources mobilized depending on alexithymia level. Results suggest that alexithymic individuals perceived emotional stimuli and were able to maintain intact reaction time, though this came with a cost in accuracy. Absence of HR effects suggests that no additional resources were recruited to remedy this difficulty. Overall, results suggest that emotional stimuli are perceived in alexithymia at early stages, but resources are not appropriately allocated to prevent performance impairment.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84095816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fatemeh Sajjadi, Martin Sellbom, Julien Gross, Harlene Hayne
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, as well as patterns of personality pathology. Memory deficits are not recognized as a core symptom of BPD, but individuals with BPD symptoms have long been suspected to have inaccurate perceptions, disturbed memory processes, and an increased tendency to develop false memories. In the present study, we examined whether there was an association between BPD features and the production of false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm—a laboratory-based procedure that is frequently used to investigate false memory. We also compared the traditional categorical BPD criteria (DSM-5 Section II) with the alternative model of personality disorders BPD criteria (DSM-5 Section III) in predicting memory performance. A total of 298 university students completed the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder, SCID-II Personality Questionnaire, Borderline Personality Disorder Impairment Scale, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Beck Depression Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Participants were also tested using both traditional DRM word lists as well as word lists that were specifically associated with BPD features. Using the traditional diagnosis of BPD, BPD features were correlated with higher false memory for positive information; in the alternative model of BPD, identity impairment and anxiousness were correlated with the overall false memory score. We also found that trauma and dissociation mediated the relation between BPD and false memory. These findings are discussed in terms of how the consequences of trauma, such as dissociation and identity disturbance, are associated with false memory. Whether false memory rates are higher in a clinical population of BPD patients than in non-clinical volunteers remains to be determined.
{"title":"False Memory and Borderline Personality Features","authors":"S. Fatemeh Sajjadi, Martin Sellbom, Julien Gross, Harlene Hayne","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, as well as patterns of personality pathology. Memory deficits are not recognized as a core symptom of BPD, but individuals with BPD symptoms have long been suspected to have inaccurate perceptions, disturbed memory processes, and an increased tendency to develop false memories. In the present study, we examined whether there was an association between BPD features and the production of false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm—a laboratory-based procedure that is frequently used to investigate false memory. We also compared the traditional categorical BPD criteria (DSM-5 Section II) with the alternative model of personality disorders BPD criteria (DSM-5 Section III) in predicting memory performance. A total of 298 university students completed the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder, SCID-II Personality Questionnaire, Borderline Personality Disorder Impairment Scale, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Beck Depression Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Participants were also tested using both traditional DRM word lists as well as word lists that were specifically associated with BPD features. Using the traditional diagnosis of BPD, BPD features were correlated with higher false memory for positive information; in the alternative model of BPD, identity impairment and anxiousness were correlated with the overall false memory score. We also found that trauma and dissociation mediated the relation between BPD and false memory. These findings are discussed in terms of how the consequences of trauma, such as dissociation and identity disturbance, are associated with false memory. Whether false memory rates are higher in a clinical population of BPD patients than in non-clinical volunteers remains to be determined.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole H. Weiss, Alexa M. Raudales, Ateka A. Contractor, Shannon R. Forkus, Reina Kiefer, L. Brick, Tami P. Sullivan
Research examining emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has seen tremendous growth over the past decade. However, past investigations have almost exclusively relied on cross-sectional designs and have neglected to consider the potential role of dysregulation stemming from positive emotions. The current study utilized rigorous methodology (experience sampling) and statistics (dynamic structural equation modeling) to explicate daily reciprocal associations between negative and positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Participants were 145 community women (M age = 40.66, 40.7% white) experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and using substances who participated in a baseline interview and then completed surveys three times a day for 30 days. Results at the between-person level showed that women who reported higher negative and positive emotion dysregulation also reported more PTSD symptoms. At the within-person level, findings supported a significant contemporaneous effect between positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Further, there was a significant cross-lagged effect from negative emotion dysregulation to next-interval PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that positive emotion dysregulation co-occurs with PTSD symptoms and that negative emotion dysregulation predicts PTSD symptoms. Findings provide additional support for the utility of addressing both negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the treatment of PTSD among women experiencing IPV.
{"title":"Micro-Longitudinal Examination of Emotion Dysregulation and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Community Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Modeling Reciprocal Relationships Using Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling","authors":"Nicole H. Weiss, Alexa M. Raudales, Ateka A. Contractor, Shannon R. Forkus, Reina Kiefer, L. Brick, Tami P. Sullivan","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Research examining emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has seen tremendous growth over the past decade. However, past investigations have almost exclusively relied on cross-sectional designs and have neglected to consider the potential role of dysregulation stemming from positive emotions. The current study utilized rigorous methodology (experience sampling) and statistics (dynamic structural equation modeling) to explicate daily reciprocal associations between negative and positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Participants were 145 community women (M age = 40.66, 40.7% white) experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and using substances who participated in a baseline interview and then completed surveys three times a day for 30 days. Results at the between-person level showed that women who reported higher negative and positive emotion dysregulation also reported more PTSD symptoms. At the within-person level, findings supported a significant contemporaneous effect between positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Further, there was a significant cross-lagged effect from negative emotion dysregulation to next-interval PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that positive emotion dysregulation co-occurs with PTSD symptoms and that negative emotion dysregulation predicts PTSD symptoms. Findings provide additional support for the utility of addressing both negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the treatment of PTSD among women experiencing IPV.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88722142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devon B Sandel-Fernandez, Kiana Modavi, Benjamin A. Swerdlow, Jordan A Tharp, K. Timpano, Sheri DeBoe Johnson
Urgency, the trait-like tendency to respond to heightened emotion states with rash action, has been associated with both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (Lynam et al., 2011). Limited research has sought to identify specific emotions that may trigger NSSI or suicide attempts for those with high urgency. We examined shame as a candidate emotion. We hypothesized that greater shame-proneness, in combination with greater urgency, would explain unique variance in NSSI and suicide attempt history in two community samples (Ns = 192 and 225). Logistic and negative binomial regression analyses examined the effects of shame, urgency, and their interaction on the presence (vs. absence) and frequency of NSSI and suicide attempts. The proposed interaction of shame and urgency was related to greater risk and frequency of NSSI and suicide attempts when examining simple slopes, across the six models tested, particularly when urgency was high. Further research should examine shame as a trigger for self-harm in the context of heightened urgency using time series designs.
紧迫感是一种对情绪状态升高做出鲁莽行为反应的特质倾向，它与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)和自杀企图都有关系(Lynam et al.， 2011)。有限的研究试图确定可能引发高度紧急的自伤或自杀企图的特定情绪。我们将羞耻感作为一种候选情绪进行了研究。我们假设，更大的羞耻倾向，结合更大的紧迫感，可以解释两个社区样本(Ns = 192和225)中自伤和自杀未遂史的独特差异。逻辑回归和负二项回归分析检验了羞耻感、紧迫感及其相互作用对自伤和自杀企图的存在(相对于不存在)和频率的影响。在测试的六个模型中，当检查简单斜坡时，羞耻感和紧迫感之间的相互作用与自伤和自杀企图的更高风险和频率有关，特别是当紧迫性很高时。进一步的研究应该使用时间序列设计来检验羞耻感是否会在高度紧急的情况下引发自残。
{"title":"The Interaction of Shame and Urgency in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempts","authors":"Devon B Sandel-Fernandez, Kiana Modavi, Benjamin A. Swerdlow, Jordan A Tharp, K. Timpano, Sheri DeBoe Johnson","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Urgency, the trait-like tendency to respond to heightened emotion states with rash action, has been associated with both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (Lynam et al., 2011). Limited research has sought to identify specific emotions that may trigger NSSI or suicide attempts for those with high urgency. We examined shame as a candidate emotion. We hypothesized that greater shame-proneness, in combination with greater urgency, would explain unique variance in NSSI and suicide attempt history in two community samples (Ns = 192 and 225). Logistic and negative binomial regression analyses examined the effects of shame, urgency, and their interaction on the presence (vs. absence) and frequency of NSSI and suicide attempts. The proposed interaction of shame and urgency was related to greater risk and frequency of NSSI and suicide attempts when examining simple slopes, across the six models tested, particularly when urgency was high. Further research should examine shame as a trigger for self-harm in the context of heightened urgency using time series designs.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87921238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most studies on the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were done in adolescents and adults. The scarce studies in older adults were mainly limited to associations of CERQ scales with internalising symptoms and wellbeing. Only one study explored the underlying factor structure in Spanish older adults and concluded that only a 27 item CERQ version showed adequate fit when tested with confirmatory factor analysis. The present study analyses the psychometric properties of all three versions of the CERQ in a sample of 451 community-dwelling older adults: the original 36 item CERQ, the short 18 item CERQ developed by the original authors and a Spanish 27 item CERQ version. Because gender differences among strategies used have been reported, the present study examined and provided first evidence for the gender invariance of the CERQ structure. Moreover, cognitive emotion regulation strategies correlated like hypothesized with clinical symptoms in general, and behavioural inhibition and activation systems and coping styles. The nomological net was highly similar for the original CERQ and shortened versions. The shortened versions of the CERQ consequently can be viable alternatives to the CERQ in settings where short assessment instruments are needed.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Shortened Versions in Dutch Speaking Community-Dwelling Older Adults","authors":"G. Rossi, X. Brancart, C. Díaz-Batanero","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were done in adolescents and adults. The scarce studies in older adults were mainly limited to associations of CERQ scales with internalising symptoms and wellbeing. Only one study explored the underlying factor structure in Spanish older adults and concluded that only a 27 item CERQ version showed adequate fit when tested with confirmatory factor analysis. The present study analyses the psychometric properties of all three versions of the CERQ in a sample of 451 community-dwelling older adults: the original 36 item CERQ, the short 18 item CERQ developed by the original authors and a Spanish 27 item CERQ version. Because gender differences among strategies used have been reported, the present study examined and provided first evidence for the gender invariance of the CERQ structure. Moreover, cognitive emotion regulation strategies correlated like hypothesized with clinical symptoms in general, and behavioural inhibition and activation systems and coping styles. The nomological net was highly similar for the original CERQ and shortened versions. The shortened versions of the CERQ consequently can be viable alternatives to the CERQ in settings where short assessment instruments are needed.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85590187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth R. Kitt, Emily M. Cohodes, Sarah McCauley, Grace Hommel, Cristina Nardini, Sadie J. Zacharek, Alyssa Martino, Tess M. Anderson, H. Spencer, Paola Odriozola, Georgia Spurrier, Alexis Broussard, Carla E Marin, W. Silverman, Eli R. Lebowitz, D. Gee
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused pervasive disruptions to family life. In light of the established role of parent-child dynamics in the maintenance of pediatric anxiety, we conducted a multilevel, multimodal study to examine how family-level factors moderate anxious youths’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic (“pre-pandemic”), children with anxiety disorders (n = 28; ages 6-12) completed an fMRI task probing parental modulation of amygdala reactivity to fearful faces. During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (“mid-pandemic”), parents completed questionnaires about their family’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress, their child’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, and their own (parental) functioning. Pre-pandemic parental modulation of amygdala reactivity moderated the association between children’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress and their COVID-19-related fears and behaviors. Furthermore, greater mid-pandemic parental assistance with their child’s use of venting and with their child’s use of expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies exacerbated the effects of COVID-19-related stress on children’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, respectively. These results provide preliminary insight into the ways in which distinct family-level factors may buffer or exacerbate the effects of COVID-19-related stress on youth with a history of anxiety disorders.
{"title":"The Role of Family-Level Factors in Childhood Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Elizabeth R. Kitt, Emily M. Cohodes, Sarah McCauley, Grace Hommel, Cristina Nardini, Sadie J. Zacharek, Alyssa Martino, Tess M. Anderson, H. Spencer, Paola Odriozola, Georgia Spurrier, Alexis Broussard, Carla E Marin, W. Silverman, Eli R. Lebowitz, D. Gee","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused pervasive disruptions to family life. In light of the established role of parent-child dynamics in the maintenance of pediatric anxiety, we conducted a multilevel, multimodal study to examine how family-level factors moderate anxious youths’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic (“pre-pandemic”), children with anxiety disorders (n = 28; ages 6-12) completed an fMRI task probing parental modulation of amygdala reactivity to fearful faces. During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (“mid-pandemic”), parents completed questionnaires about their family’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress, their child’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, and their own (parental) functioning. Pre-pandemic parental modulation of amygdala reactivity moderated the association between children’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress and their COVID-19-related fears and behaviors. Furthermore, greater mid-pandemic parental assistance with their child’s use of venting and with their child’s use of expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies exacerbated the effects of COVID-19-related stress on children’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, respectively. These results provide preliminary insight into the ways in which distinct family-level factors may buffer or exacerbate the effects of COVID-19-related stress on youth with a history of anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90515984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha L. Birk, Rebekah J. Mennies, Karina Guerra-Guzman, Darien Aunapu, T. Olino
Receipt of both positive and negative social feedback is associated with psychophysiological responses, and such responses vary based on levels of internalizing symptoms and associated cognitive constructs. However, research examining the relationship between physiological response to social feedback and internalizing symptoms is mixed, and there is a need to develop salient tasks to assess responses to social feedback. This paper reports on two studies that examined physiological response to social feedback in undergraduate students using the Chatroom Interact Task (CIT). We also explored associations between physiological response to social feedback and internalizing symptoms and associated constructs. Participants were 48 (35 female; Study 1) and 65 (55 female; Study 2) undergraduate students. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of internalizing symptoms and associated cognitive constructs. They also completed the CIT to assess response to acceptance and rejection, while physiological data, including electrocardiogram and respiration to derive respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), were acquired. Results across both studies were largely consistent. There were significant differences in RSA during the questionnaire phase and the neutral and acceptance/rejection phases of the CIT. There were no differences between RSA during acceptance and rejection phases. Internalizing symptoms and associated constructs were not related to differences in RSA. The current study indicates questionable validity for the use of the CIT to elicit heightened physiological responses to social feedback in undergraduates and suggests important considerations for the future study of responses to social feedback and the design of associated tasks.
{"title":"Psychophysiological Response to Social Feedback using the Chatroom Interact Task in Undergraduate Students","authors":"Samantha L. Birk, Rebekah J. Mennies, Karina Guerra-Guzman, Darien Aunapu, T. Olino","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Receipt of both positive and negative social feedback is associated with psychophysiological responses, and such responses vary based on levels of internalizing symptoms and associated cognitive constructs. However, research examining the relationship between physiological response to social feedback and internalizing symptoms is mixed, and there is a need to develop salient tasks to assess responses to social feedback. This paper reports on two studies that examined physiological response to social feedback in undergraduate students using the Chatroom Interact Task (CIT). We also explored associations between physiological response to social feedback and internalizing symptoms and associated constructs. Participants were 48 (35 female; Study 1) and 65 (55 female; Study 2) undergraduate students. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of internalizing symptoms and associated cognitive constructs. They also completed the CIT to assess response to acceptance and rejection, while physiological data, including electrocardiogram and respiration to derive respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), were acquired. Results across both studies were largely consistent. There were significant differences in RSA during the questionnaire phase and the neutral and acceptance/rejection phases of the CIT. There were no differences between RSA during acceptance and rejection phases. Internalizing symptoms and associated constructs were not related to differences in RSA. The current study indicates questionable validity for the use of the CIT to elicit heightened physiological responses to social feedback in undergraduates and suggests important considerations for the future study of responses to social feedback and the design of associated tasks.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88001990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wu, Deniz Konac, L. Riddleston, T. Hutchinson, B. Platt, Victoria Pile, J. Lau
COVID-19 has significant impacts on young peoples’ lives and emotions. Understanding how young people maintain well-being in the face of challenges can inform future mental health intervention development. Here we applied network analysis to well-being data gathered from 2532 young people (12-25 years) residing in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify the structure across well-being and crucially, its central defining features. Gender and age differences in networks were also investigated. Across all participants, items emerged in two clusters: 1) optimism, positive self-perception, and social connectedness, and 2) processing problems and ideas. The two central features of well-being were: “I’ve been dealing with problems well” and “I’ve been thinking clearly”. There were minimal age and gender differences. Our findings suggest that the perception of being able to process problems and ideas efficiently could be a hallmark of well-being, particularly in the face of challenging circumstances. These findings contrast with pre-pandemic studies that point to positive affect as central aspects of well-being networks. Future interventions that encourage problem-solving and mental flexibility could be useful in helping young people maintain well-being during times of stress and uncertainty.
{"title":"Maintaining Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Network Analysis of Well-Being Responses from British Youth","authors":"A. Wu, Deniz Konac, L. Riddleston, T. Hutchinson, B. Platt, Victoria Pile, J. Lau","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has significant impacts on young peoples’ lives and emotions. Understanding how young people maintain well-being in the face of challenges can inform future mental health intervention development. Here we applied network analysis to well-being data gathered from 2532 young people (12-25 years) residing in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify the structure across well-being and crucially, its central defining features. Gender and age differences in networks were also investigated. Across all participants, items emerged in two clusters: 1) optimism, positive self-perception, and social connectedness, and 2) processing problems and ideas. The two central features of well-being were: “I’ve been dealing with problems well” and “I’ve been thinking clearly”. There were minimal age and gender differences. Our findings suggest that the perception of being able to process problems and ideas efficiently could be a hallmark of well-being, particularly in the face of challenging circumstances. These findings contrast with pre-pandemic studies that point to positive affect as central aspects of well-being networks. Future interventions that encourage problem-solving and mental flexibility could be useful in helping young people maintain well-being during times of stress and uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84296061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosa J. Seinsche, S. Fricke, Axel Schäfer, M. Neudert, Raphaela I. Zehtner, R. Stark, A. Hermann
Imagery rescripting (ImRs) of socially aversive memories is a promising intervention in the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder. Little is known about the effects of ImRs on physiological responses to the rescripted socially aversive memory, which was the focus of this study in a healthy sample. Thirty individuals performed an imagination task measuring psychophysiological responses and subjective feelings (post-hoc) related to the rescripted memory, as well as to two control memories. In a within-subject design, participants completed the imagination task before and after a control intervention, and subsequently after one session ImRs of the socially aversive memory. At one-week follow-up, lasting effects on social anxiety and subjective feelings were assessed online (N = 26). ImRs of the socially aversive memory resulted in a significant reduction in negative feelings and activity of the corrugator supercilii, as well as a significant increase in valence and positive feelings related to the socially aversive memory compared to both control memories. However, only effects for positive feelings and corrugator supercilii were significantly stronger for ImRs compared to the control intervention. Lasting effects appeared for fear of negative evaluation and subjective emotional responses to the rescripted memory. These findings give preliminary evidence for the impact of ImRs on emotional aspects of the rescripted memory, indicating that ImRs might work through changing the representation of the aversive event in memory.
{"title":"Effects of Imagery Rescripting on Emotional Responses During Imagination of a Socially Aversive Experience","authors":"Rosa J. Seinsche, S. Fricke, Axel Schäfer, M. Neudert, Raphaela I. Zehtner, R. Stark, A. Hermann","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Imagery rescripting (ImRs) of socially aversive memories is a promising intervention in the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder. Little is known about the effects of ImRs on physiological responses to the rescripted socially aversive memory, which was the focus of this study in a healthy sample. Thirty individuals performed an imagination task measuring psychophysiological responses and subjective feelings (post-hoc) related to the rescripted memory, as well as to two control memories. In a within-subject design, participants completed the imagination task before and after a control intervention, and subsequently after one session ImRs of the socially aversive memory. At one-week follow-up, lasting effects on social anxiety and subjective feelings were assessed online (N = 26). ImRs of the socially aversive memory resulted in a significant reduction in negative feelings and activity of the corrugator supercilii, as well as a significant increase in valence and positive feelings related to the socially aversive memory compared to both control memories. However, only effects for positive feelings and corrugator supercilii were significantly stronger for ImRs compared to the control intervention. Lasting effects appeared for fear of negative evaluation and subjective emotional responses to the rescripted memory. These findings give preliminary evidence for the impact of ImRs on emotional aspects of the rescripted memory, indicating that ImRs might work through changing the representation of the aversive event in memory.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83374103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the patterns of covariation among mental disorders has proliferated, as summarized in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The aim of this brief descriptive study was to examine whether the repetition of symptoms among DSM-5 diagnoses is likely to be inflating the surface similarity of diagnoses in a way that artificially reinforces the dimensions that emerge when modelling patterns of disorder covariation or comorbidity. Specifically, the symptoms comprising the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for all disorders covered by the HiTOP framework were examined for patterns of overlap that mirror the patterns of disorder covariation captured in HiTOP dimensions. I found that 358 pairs of the DSM-5 diagnoses covered by the HiTOP framework had one or more overlapping symptoms in their diagnostic criteria, and that a third (n = 130; 34%) of the unique constituent symptoms reinforced the higher-order structure of HiTOP through repetition within dimensions and/or between dimensions in the same superspectrum. By contrast, 86% of the possible pairs of diagnoses did not have any shared symptoms, and the majority of the symptoms (n = 222; 58%) did not influence the structure through repetition. Further, a fifth (n = 71; 19%) of the symptoms worked against the HiTOP structure by increasing the surface similarity of diagnoses under different subfactors, spectra, and superspectra. Overall, while patterns of symptom-level overlap do not appear strong enough to account for the emergence of HiTOP dimensions, these patterns do seem likely to inflate the similarity and consequent covariation of some DSM-5 diagnoses. Research on the statistical structure of psychopathology that uses DSM-5 diagnostic constructs should account for this potential source of bias.
{"title":"Implications of the Symptom-Level Overlap Among DSM Diagnoses for Dimensions of Psychopathology","authors":"Miriam K. Forbes","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the patterns of covariation among mental disorders has proliferated, as summarized in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The aim of this brief descriptive study was to examine whether the repetition of symptoms among DSM-5 diagnoses is likely to be inflating the surface similarity of diagnoses in a way that artificially reinforces the dimensions that emerge when modelling patterns of disorder covariation or comorbidity. Specifically, the symptoms comprising the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for all disorders covered by the HiTOP framework were examined for patterns of overlap that mirror the patterns of disorder covariation captured in HiTOP dimensions. I found that 358 pairs of the DSM-5 diagnoses covered by the HiTOP framework had one or more overlapping symptoms in their diagnostic criteria, and that a third (n = 130; 34%) of the unique constituent symptoms reinforced the higher-order structure of HiTOP through repetition within dimensions and/or between dimensions in the same superspectrum. By contrast, 86% of the possible pairs of diagnoses did not have any shared symptoms, and the majority of the symptoms (n = 222; 58%) did not influence the structure through repetition. Further, a fifth (n = 71; 19%) of the symptoms worked against the HiTOP structure by increasing the surface similarity of diagnoses under different subfactors, spectra, and superspectra. Overall, while patterns of symptom-level overlap do not appear strong enough to account for the emergence of HiTOP dimensions, these patterns do seem likely to inflate the similarity and consequent covariation of some DSM-5 diagnoses. Research on the statistical structure of psychopathology that uses DSM-5 diagnostic constructs should account for this potential source of bias.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135081065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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