Stephen A Semcho, Matthew W Southward, Nicole E Stumpp, Destiney L MacLean, Caitlyn O Hood, Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Shannon Sauer-Zavala
Aversive reactivity to negative affect has been described as a transdiagnostic mechanism that links distal temperamental vulnerabilities to clinically relevant behaviors. However, the abundance of constructs reflecting aversive reactivity has resulted in a proliferation of models that may ultimately be redundant. We performed a circumscribed review of studies measuring associations between six constructs - anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, distress intolerance, intolerance of uncertainty, thought-action fusion, and negative urgency - and ten relevant coping behaviors. Results suggested that most constructs were measured in relation to a limited number of coping behaviors. Additionally, constructs were most often measured in isolation, rather than with similar constructs. Implications and suggestions for future research and treatment are discussed.
{"title":"Aversive Reactivity: A Transdiagnostic Functional Bridge Between Neuroticism and Avoidant Behavioral Coping.","authors":"Stephen A Semcho, Matthew W Southward, Nicole E Stumpp, Destiney L MacLean, Caitlyn O Hood, Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Shannon Sauer-Zavala","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aversive reactivity to negative affect has been described as a transdiagnostic mechanism that links distal temperamental vulnerabilities to clinically relevant behaviors. However, the abundance of constructs reflecting aversive reactivity has resulted in a proliferation of models that may ultimately be redundant. We performed a circumscribed review of studies measuring associations between six constructs - anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, distress intolerance, intolerance of uncertainty, thought-action fusion, and negative urgency - and ten relevant coping behaviors. Results suggested that most constructs were measured in relation to a limited number of coping behaviors. Additionally, constructs were most often measured in isolation, rather than with similar constructs. Implications and suggestions for future research and treatment are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10373937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawn Neumann, Samantha Backhaus Backhaus, Jeong-in Jang, Sruthi Bhamadipalli, J. Winegardner, B. Helton, F. Hammond
Objectives: Explore the early efficacy of a treatment to modify anger, aggression, negative attributions, and perspective-taking in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Randomized waitlist-controlled trial. Participants: Twenty-four adults with a TBI (³ 1-year post-injury) who had above average aggression and either negative attribution bias or poor perspective-taking. Intervention: Intervention to Change Attributions that are Negative (ICAN). Measures: Epps Scenarios (attributions of intent, hostility, blame; anger and aggression responses); Aggression Questionnaire (AQ); PROMIS-Anger; Interpersonal Reactivity Index Perspective-taking; and Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) for anger and perspective-taking. Results: Twenty-one participants completed the study (ICAN = 8; Waitlist control [WLC] = 13). Post-treatment, ICAN participants had lower anger responses to Epps Scenarios (p = 0.03) compared to WLC participants who had not yet received treatment. Other between-group comparisons were not significant. Analyses comparing pre/post-intervention changes in the pooled sample (n=21), revealed reduced attributions of intent (p < 0.01) and blame (p = 0.05), and anger (p = 0.01) and aggression responses to Epps scenarios (p < 0.01) after receiving treatment. Post-intervention scores on the AQ and PROMIS-Anger were also significantly reduced (p < 0.01). On the PGIC, 83% and 45% reported noticeable changes in perspective-taking and anger, respectively. Discussion: ICAN may reduce anger and negative attributions after TBI and merits further investigation.
{"title":"Intervention to Change Attributions that are Negative: A Feasibility Study on Reducing Anger after Brain Injury","authors":"Dawn Neumann, Samantha Backhaus Backhaus, Jeong-in Jang, Sruthi Bhamadipalli, J. Winegardner, B. Helton, F. Hammond","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Explore the early efficacy of a treatment to modify anger, aggression, negative attributions, and perspective-taking in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Randomized waitlist-controlled trial. Participants: Twenty-four adults with a TBI (³ 1-year post-injury) who had above average aggression and either negative attribution bias or poor perspective-taking. Intervention: Intervention to Change Attributions that are Negative (ICAN). Measures: Epps Scenarios (attributions of intent, hostility, blame; anger and aggression responses); Aggression Questionnaire (AQ); PROMIS-Anger; Interpersonal Reactivity Index Perspective-taking; and Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) for anger and perspective-taking. Results: Twenty-one participants completed the study (ICAN = 8; Waitlist control [WLC] = 13). Post-treatment, ICAN participants had lower anger responses to Epps Scenarios (p = 0.03) compared to WLC participants who had not yet received treatment. Other between-group comparisons were not significant. Analyses comparing pre/post-intervention changes in the pooled sample (n=21), revealed reduced attributions of intent (p < 0.01) and blame (p = 0.05), and anger (p = 0.01) and aggression responses to Epps scenarios (p < 0.01) after receiving treatment. Post-intervention scores on the AQ and PROMIS-Anger were also significantly reduced (p < 0.01). On the PGIC, 83% and 45% reported noticeable changes in perspective-taking and anger, respectively. Discussion: ICAN may reduce anger and negative attributions after TBI and merits further investigation.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88680979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Loneliness has an adverse impact on mental health, yet it is often overlooked in psychological services. To inform clinical practice, we provide an overview of research hotspots on loneliness and mental health, the ‘state of the art’ in assessment and treatment, and workforce implications. Methods: Narrative synthesis. Results: Loneliness occurs in all age groups, with peaks in younger and older adults. It is a well-established risk factor for mental ill-health, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and other problems prompting people to seek psychological care. A variety of psychometrically sound self-report measures are available for assessment purposes, though some lack structural or cross-cultural validity. The most promising interventions use cognitive-behavioural therapy to change maladaptive social cognitions. Recent studies are focused on identifying mechanisms of change, the role of social networks, and the use of digital technologies to augment treatment. The stigma of loneliness can prevent clients and healthcare professionals from talking openly about it, but the best strategies for combating loneliness stigma are unclear. Conclusion: Loneliness and mental ill-health are mutually reinforcing; hence, loneliness should be routinely considered in clinical practice. Psychological interventions are moderately effective at alleviating loneliness but further research and practice-based evaluation of solutions for loneliness is needed.
{"title":"Why Loneliness Matters in Clinical Practice: A Primer for Clinical- and Neuro-Psychologists.","authors":"J. Badcock, D. Preece, A. Badcock","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Loneliness has an adverse impact on mental health, yet it is often overlooked in psychological services. To inform clinical practice, we provide an overview of research hotspots on loneliness and mental health, the ‘state of the art’ in assessment and treatment, and workforce implications. Methods: Narrative synthesis. Results: Loneliness occurs in all age groups, with peaks in younger and older adults. It is a well-established risk factor for mental ill-health, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and other problems prompting people to seek psychological care. A variety of psychometrically sound self-report measures are available for assessment purposes, though some lack structural or cross-cultural validity. The most promising interventions use cognitive-behavioural therapy to change maladaptive social cognitions. Recent studies are focused on identifying mechanisms of change, the role of social networks, and the use of digital technologies to augment treatment. The stigma of loneliness can prevent clients and healthcare professionals from talking openly about it, but the best strategies for combating loneliness stigma are unclear. Conclusion: Loneliness and mental ill-health are mutually reinforcing; hence, loneliness should be routinely considered in clinical practice. Psychological interventions are moderately effective at alleviating loneliness but further research and practice-based evaluation of solutions for loneliness is needed.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81170868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why do so many people fail to manage their emotions successfully even though they can do so? This review begins by noting a surprising gap between emotion regulation ability and achievement apparent across individuals with emotional disorders, many of whom appear to be able to effectively regulate emotions when cued. Recently, clinical science has begun to take stock of this puzzling gap between intact emotion regulation ability and challenges with emotion regulation achievement. We refer to this as the ‘emotion regulation ability-achievement’ (or ER-AA) gap, and discuss clinical implications, including alternative approaches to closing this gap.
{"title":"Mind the Gap? Emotion Regulation Ability and Achievement in Psychological Health Disorders","authors":"J. Gruber, S. Hagerty, D. Mennin, J. Gross","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Why do so many people fail to manage their emotions successfully even though they can do so? This review begins by noting a surprising gap between emotion regulation ability and achievement apparent across individuals with emotional disorders, many of whom appear to be able to effectively regulate emotions when cued. Recently, clinical science has begun to take stock of this puzzling gap between intact emotion regulation ability and challenges with emotion regulation achievement. We refer to this as the ‘emotion regulation ability-achievement’ (or ER-AA) gap, and discuss clinical implications, including alternative approaches to closing this gap.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74505398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotion regulation difficulties are implicated prominently in self-injury. Additionally, emotion regulation strategy selection is a core component of the emotion regulation process. Yet it is unclear how people who engage in different forms of self-injury attempt to regulate negative affect when multiple strategies are available to them. This laboratory-based study examined emotion regulation strategy choices in individuals who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (n=40), indirect forms of self-injury (disordered eating and problematic substance use; n=46), and controls (n=48). Following a self-relevant stressor (negative autobiographical memory recall), participants selected one of six strategies based on what they believed would most effectively alter their affect. Strategies spanned behavioral (physical pain, a snack, word activity) and non-behavioral (rumination, reappraisal, doing nothing) domains. Compared to controls, individuals who engage in NSSI and indirect self-injury were more likely to select behavioral strategies. In addition, people with NSSI and indirect self-injury were more likely than controls to choose physical pain and less likely to ruminate. Findings indicate that people with direct and indirect forms of self-injury alike are more likely to take action than engage in further thought when experiencing aversive self-awareness, even when cognitive strategies are made salient. Results illuminate intervention targets for these clinical populations.
{"title":"Emotion Regulation Strategy Choices Following Aversive Self-Awareness in People with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury or Indirect Self-Injury","authors":"C. Boccagno, J. Hooley","doi":"10.55913/joep.v1i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion regulation difficulties are implicated prominently in self-injury. Additionally, emotion regulation strategy selection is a core component of the emotion regulation process. Yet it is unclear how people who engage in different forms of self-injury attempt to regulate negative affect when multiple strategies are available to them. This laboratory-based study examined emotion regulation strategy choices in individuals who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (n=40), indirect forms of self-injury (disordered eating and problematic substance use; n=46), and controls (n=48). Following a self-relevant stressor (negative autobiographical memory recall), participants selected one of six strategies based on what they believed would most effectively alter their affect. Strategies spanned behavioral (physical pain, a snack, word activity) and non-behavioral (rumination, reappraisal, doing nothing) domains. Compared to controls, individuals who engage in NSSI and indirect self-injury were more likely to select behavioral strategies. In addition, people with NSSI and indirect self-injury were more likely than controls to choose physical pain and less likely to ruminate. Findings indicate that people with direct and indirect forms of self-injury alike are more likely to take action than engage in further thought when experiencing aversive self-awareness, even when cognitive strategies are made salient. Results illuminate intervention targets for these clinical populations.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83604280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen A Semcho, Matthew W. Southward, Nicole E. Stumpp, Destiney MacLean, Caitlyn O. Hood, K. Wolitzky-Taylor, S. Sauer‐Zavala
Aversive reactivity to negative affect has been described as a transdiagnostic mechanism that links distal temperamental vulnerabilities to clinically relevant behaviors. However, the abundance of constructs reflecting aversive reactivity has resulted in a proliferation of models that may ultimately be redundant. We performed a circumscribed review of studies measuring associations between six constructs - anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, distress intolerance, intolerance of uncertainty, thought-action fusion, and negative urgency - and ten relevant coping behaviors. Results suggested that most constructs were measured in relation to a limited number of coping behaviors. Additionally, constructs were most often measured in isolation, rather than with similar constructs. Implications and suggestions for future research and treatment are discussed.
{"title":"Aversive Reactivity: A Transdiagnostic Functional Bridge Between Neuroticism and Avoidant Behavioral Coping.","authors":"Stephen A Semcho, Matthew W. Southward, Nicole E. Stumpp, Destiney MacLean, Caitlyn O. Hood, K. Wolitzky-Taylor, S. Sauer‐Zavala","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/dmtxu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dmtxu","url":null,"abstract":"Aversive reactivity to negative affect has been described as a transdiagnostic mechanism that links distal temperamental vulnerabilities to clinically relevant behaviors. However, the abundance of constructs reflecting aversive reactivity has resulted in a proliferation of models that may ultimately be redundant. We performed a circumscribed review of studies measuring associations between six constructs - anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, distress intolerance, intolerance of uncertainty, thought-action fusion, and negative urgency - and ten relevant coping behaviors. Results suggested that most constructs were measured in relation to a limited number of coping behaviors. Additionally, constructs were most often measured in isolation, rather than with similar constructs. Implications and suggestions for future research and treatment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74244447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the patterns of covariation among mental disorders has proliferated, as summarized in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). This brief letter sought to examine whether symptom overlap represents an important source of bias in the statistical structure of psychopathology. I found that 358 pairs of the DSM-5 diagnoses covered by the HiTOP framework had one or more overlapping, and that a third (n = 130; 34%) of the unique constituent symptoms do reinforce the higher-order structure of HiTOP through repetition within dimensions and/or between dimensions in the same superspectrum. By contrast, 86% of the possible pairs of diagnoses did not have any shared symptoms, and the majority of the unique constituent symptoms (n = 222; 58%) do not influence the structure through repetition; a fifth (n = 71; 19%) work against the HiTOP structure at the subfactor, spectrum, and superspectrum level. I conclude that symptom-level homogeneity likely inflates the similarity and consequent covariation of some DSM diagnoses—e.g., in the Antisocial Behavior dimension—and research on the statistical structure of psychopathology should account for this potential source of bias. However, the patterns of symptom overlap in the DSM are not strong enough to make the HiTOP structure a foregone conclusion.
{"title":"Implications of the Symptom-Level Overlap Among DSM Diagnoses for Dimensions of Psychopathology","authors":"M. Forbes","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/f5gqz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f5gqz","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the patterns of covariation among mental disorders has proliferated, as summarized in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). This brief letter sought to examine whether symptom overlap represents an important source of bias in the statistical structure of psychopathology. I found that 358 pairs of the DSM-5 diagnoses covered by the HiTOP framework had one or more overlapping, and that a third (n = 130; 34%) of the unique constituent symptoms do reinforce the higher-order structure of HiTOP through repetition within dimensions and/or between dimensions in the same superspectrum. By contrast, 86% of the possible pairs of diagnoses did not have any shared symptoms, and the majority of the unique constituent symptoms (n = 222; 58%) do not influence the structure through repetition; a fifth (n = 71; 19%) work against the HiTOP structure at the subfactor, spectrum, and superspectrum level. I conclude that symptom-level homogeneity likely inflates the similarity and consequent covariation of some DSM diagnoses—e.g., in the Antisocial Behavior dimension—and research on the statistical structure of psychopathology should account for this potential source of bias. However, the patterns of symptom overlap in the DSM are not strong enough to make the HiTOP structure a foregone conclusion.","PeriodicalId":73729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of emotion and psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75976462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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