Dandan Du, Fulian Gong, Wanying Zhang, Bing Yu, Xiuli Guo
The growth and metastasis of solid tumors require a sufficient blood supply that provides oxygen and nutrients. In recent years, targeting tumor vasculature has gained rapid development, owing to the abnormalities of tumor blood vessels compared with normal blood vessels. There are three aspects for targeting blood vessels in tumor treatment, including angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and vascular normalization. Anti-angiogenic therapy is an anti-tumor strategy targeting to the new blood vessels. VM is an alternative form of blood supply not depending on endothelial vessels, but insteading to form a tubular structure similar to blood vessels by the tumor cells themselves. However, anti-angiogenic therapy may have some limits such as tumor hypoxia, reduction of chemotherapy drugs approaching to tumors, etc. As a different approach to anti-tumor therapy, vascular normalization provides a new idea for the cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the advanced researches on therapies of anti-angiogenic, anti-VM and vascular normalization, including their molecular mechanisms and clinical significances.
{"title":"Anti-angiogenic Therapy for Tumor: Tumor Angiogenesis, Vasculogenic Mimicry and Vascular Normalization","authors":"Dandan Du, Fulian Gong, Wanying Zhang, Bing Yu, Xiuli Guo","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023005","url":null,"abstract":"The growth and metastasis of solid tumors require a sufficient blood supply that provides oxygen and nutrients. In recent years, targeting tumor vasculature has gained rapid development, owing to the abnormalities of tumor blood vessels compared with normal blood vessels. There are three aspects for targeting blood vessels in tumor treatment, including angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and vascular normalization. Anti-angiogenic therapy is an anti-tumor strategy targeting to the new blood vessels. VM is an alternative form of blood supply not depending on endothelial vessels, but insteading to form a tubular structure similar to blood vessels by the tumor cells themselves. However, anti-angiogenic therapy may have some limits such as tumor hypoxia, reduction of chemotherapy drugs approaching to tumors, etc. As a different approach to anti-tumor therapy, vascular normalization provides a new idea for the cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the advanced researches on therapies of anti-angiogenic, anti-VM and vascular normalization, including their molecular mechanisms and clinical significances.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48961555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyu Zhang, Hui Zhang, Heng Zhang, Yulai Yin, Y. Ren, Xiaoning Kang, Lijun Jin, Jie Bai
Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of pertuzumab and trastuzumab combined therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive breast cancer through a meta-analysis. Methods: English databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, as well as Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (Sinomed), were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pertuzumab and trastuzumab combined therapy (experimental group) with trastuzumab alone (control group) for the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer. The literature search time was from the establishment of the database to July 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 9 RCTs involving 7199 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the effectiveness indicators showed that the risk of tumor progression in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients receiving dual-targeted therapy was significantly lower than that in patients receiving trastuzumab alone [Hazard ratios (HR) = 0.68, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.58, 0.79), P<0.00001]; the overall survival (OS) of HER-2 positive breast cancer patients receiving dual-targeted therapy was significantly longer than that of patients receiving trastuzumab alone [HR=0.73, 95% CI (0.59, 0.88), P<0.0009]. In terms of safety, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of severe adverse events and ≥3 grade neutropenia between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of ≥3 grade diarrhea in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group [relative risks = 2.44, 95% CI (1.95, 2.99), P<0.00001]. Conclusion: The combined therapy of pertuzumab and trastuzumab has significant clinical efficacy in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients, and its application can further improve patients' progression-free survival and OS. However, it also increases the risk of adverse reactions to a certain extent. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and protection of relevant adverse reactions in patients.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab Combined Therapy in HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang, Hui Zhang, Heng Zhang, Yulai Yin, Y. Ren, Xiaoning Kang, Lijun Jin, Jie Bai","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of pertuzumab and trastuzumab combined therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive breast cancer through a meta-analysis. Methods: English databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, as well as Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (Sinomed), were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pertuzumab and trastuzumab combined therapy (experimental group) with trastuzumab alone (control group) for the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer. The literature search time was from the establishment of the database to July 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 9 RCTs involving 7199 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the effectiveness indicators showed that the risk of tumor progression in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients receiving dual-targeted therapy was significantly lower than that in patients receiving trastuzumab alone [Hazard ratios (HR) = 0.68, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.58, 0.79), P<0.00001]; the overall survival (OS) of HER-2 positive breast cancer patients receiving dual-targeted therapy was significantly longer than that of patients receiving trastuzumab alone [HR=0.73, 95% CI (0.59, 0.88), P<0.0009]. In terms of safety, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of severe adverse events and ≥3 grade neutropenia between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of ≥3 grade diarrhea in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group [relative risks = 2.44, 95% CI (1.95, 2.99), P<0.00001]. Conclusion: The combined therapy of pertuzumab and trastuzumab has significant clinical efficacy in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients, and its application can further improve patients' progression-free survival and OS. However, it also increases the risk of adverse reactions to a certain extent. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and protection of relevant adverse reactions in patients.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47817526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaolong Zhou, Xiu-Ya Shi, Yi Chen, Li Li, Chen Chen
Objective: This study harnessed adriamycin-loaded gelatin microspheres (ADM-GMS) to examine their properties and in vitro release characteristics, and explore their effect on human osteosarcoma U-20s cell strain and its mechanism. Methods: ADM-GMS was prepared using the emulsification-crosslinking method. The scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the shape of microspheres, and particle size and distribution were measured using a laser particle size device. The drug loading rate and encapsulation rate were calculated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the drug release performance of the microspheres to adriamycin (ADM) was evaluated. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of ADM-GMS on human osteosarcoma U-20s cell strain in vitro. Results: We determined an optimal material ratio of 1:10 for ADM-GMS, with which the microspheres showed a round shape and excellent dispersity. The average particle size with the optimal material ratio was 14.02±1.67μm, with a drug loading rate of 6.05±0.26% and an encapsulation rate of 84.27±3.10%. ADM-GMS had excellent sustained-release properties and a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human osteosarcoma U-20s. Conclusion: ADM-GMS, prepared with a material ratio of 1:1, has a promising slow-release ability and an anti-bone tumor effect with a lower Semi-inhibitory concentration. Thus, this ADM gelatin delivery system is worthy of further clinical research. However, the detection method in this study is simple and weakly supported by clinical trials, and more investigations are required for further verification.
{"title":"Adriamycin-loaded Gelatin Microspheres in the Treatment of Bone Tumors","authors":"Shaolong Zhou, Xiu-Ya Shi, Yi Chen, Li Li, Chen Chen","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study harnessed adriamycin-loaded gelatin microspheres (ADM-GMS) to examine their properties and in vitro release characteristics, and explore their effect on human osteosarcoma U-20s cell strain and its mechanism. Methods: ADM-GMS was prepared using the emulsification-crosslinking method. The scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the shape of microspheres, and particle size and distribution were measured using a laser particle size device. The drug loading rate and encapsulation rate were calculated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the drug release performance of the microspheres to adriamycin (ADM) was evaluated. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of ADM-GMS on human osteosarcoma U-20s cell strain in vitro. Results: We determined an optimal material ratio of 1:10 for ADM-GMS, with which the microspheres showed a round shape and excellent dispersity. The average particle size with the optimal material ratio was 14.02±1.67μm, with a drug loading rate of 6.05±0.26% and an encapsulation rate of 84.27±3.10%. ADM-GMS had excellent sustained-release properties and a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human osteosarcoma U-20s. Conclusion: ADM-GMS, prepared with a material ratio of 1:1, has a promising slow-release ability and an anti-bone tumor effect with a lower Semi-inhibitory concentration. Thus, this ADM gelatin delivery system is worthy of further clinical research. However, the detection method in this study is simple and weakly supported by clinical trials, and more investigations are required for further verification.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45478193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unusual leukemia presentation known as hyperleukocytosis (white blood cell count >100×109/L) is linked to a higher risk of premature death. Leukostasis, a syndrome brought on by the sludging of circulating leukemic blasts in the microcirculation, is one of its secondary symptoms, which can take many different forms. This minireview on hyperleukocytic leukemia highlights the pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment options for these abnormalities. Cytoreduction, suppressing tumor lysis, and leukapheresis are appropriate therapies for this medical emergency when leukostasis and hyperviscosity syndrome are prominent.
{"title":"Clinical Implications of Hyperleukocytosis/Leukostasis Syndrome","authors":"B. Bashir","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023002","url":null,"abstract":"The unusual leukemia presentation known as hyperleukocytosis (white blood cell count >100×109/L) is linked to a higher risk of premature death. Leukostasis, a syndrome brought on by the sludging of circulating leukemic blasts in the microcirculation, is one of its secondary symptoms, which can take many different forms. This minireview on hyperleukocytic leukemia highlights the pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment options for these abnormalities. Cytoreduction, suppressing tumor lysis, and leukapheresis are appropriate therapies for this medical emergency when leukostasis and hyperviscosity syndrome are prominent.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46471788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-02-15DOI: 10.53964/jmmo.2023001
Jairo Hernandez, Caroline Davidson, Thomas Reilly, Seif Hanbali, Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, Ghaidaa Ebrahim, Andrew Nguyen, Brandon Lucke-Wold
Management of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma requires multidisciplinary care. The disease can manifest in the context of immunocompromised states or in the context of chronic infections. Nervous system damage from this lymphoma has highly variable presentation that is dependent on the location of the tumor lesions. Damage from disease progression can lead to lasting neurologic deficits and even death. However, some lesions are a consequence of radiation-induced neurotoxicity. This review discusses the sources of and consequences of brain damage due to tumor damage and the associated effect of clinical therapies. We discuss workup, management, and treatments. These include chemotherapy and radiation techniques. We discuss potential complications and avoidance strategies. The review will serve as a user-friendly resource for clinicians.
{"title":"Research on the Damage of the Central Nervous System Lymphoma to the Nervous System.","authors":"Jairo Hernandez, Caroline Davidson, Thomas Reilly, Seif Hanbali, Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, Ghaidaa Ebrahim, Andrew Nguyen, Brandon Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023001","DOIUrl":"10.53964/jmmo.2023001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Management of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma requires multidisciplinary care. The disease can manifest in the context of immunocompromised states or in the context of chronic infections. Nervous system damage from this lymphoma has highly variable presentation that is dependent on the location of the tumor lesions. Damage from disease progression can lead to lasting neurologic deficits and even death. However, some lesions are a consequence of radiation-induced neurotoxicity. This review discusses the sources of and consequences of brain damage due to tumor damage and the associated effect of clinical therapies. We discuss workup, management, and treatments. These include chemotherapy and radiation techniques. We discuss potential complications and avoidance strategies. The review will serve as a user-friendly resource for clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9481043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The human body is made up of not only tissues and blood, but also microbiota on the surfaces of the skin, mucosal membrane of the intestine, urogenital, lungs, and mouth, to form ecological niches. Some of these niches have been well studied, while some are understudied, due to the unknown presence of these microbiota in such systems. The T cell response by the immune system is one step of the cancer-immunity cycle, that maintains the prevention of autoimmunity. Cancer cells have T cell inhibitory signals, including programmed death-ligand-1, which have been identified for the development of new immunotherapies that are specifically responsible for hindering immune effector inhibition, thereby reinvigorating, and enhancing pre-existing anticancer immune response. Previous activity in immune therapies has always considered suppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment without consideration to other factors such as the genetic basis of the immune system. Attention to the immune system has always been on the response to the pathogens, or the threatening foreign target, but not on the genes responsible for regulating the immune system. The immune system is a concert of interactions between existing microbes and host. One of the major tools of cellular interaction is epigenetics. Epigenetic information regulates differentiation and development, thus can impact on pathological condition. Therefore, it is vital to understand the resident parties (constituents) in an ecosystem, the basic system behind the ecosystem and epigenetics interaction within the ecosystem (microbes and host) is vital in cancer development and treatment.
{"title":"Cancer and Immunology-the Homeostasis Dance","authors":"B. Ekine-Afolabi","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2022005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2022005","url":null,"abstract":"The human body is made up of not only tissues and blood, but also microbiota on the surfaces of the skin, mucosal membrane of the intestine, urogenital, lungs, and mouth, to form ecological niches. Some of these niches have been well studied, while some are understudied, due to the unknown presence of these microbiota in such systems. The T cell response by the immune system is one step of the cancer-immunity cycle, that maintains the prevention of autoimmunity. Cancer cells have T cell inhibitory signals, including programmed death-ligand-1, which have been identified for the development of new immunotherapies that are specifically responsible for hindering immune effector inhibition, thereby reinvigorating, and enhancing pre-existing anticancer immune response. Previous activity in immune therapies has always considered suppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment without consideration to other factors such as the genetic basis of the immune system. Attention to the immune system has always been on the response to the pathogens, or the threatening foreign target, but not on the genes responsible for regulating the immune system. The immune system is a concert of interactions between existing microbes and host. One of the major tools of cellular interaction is epigenetics. Epigenetic information regulates differentiation and development, thus can impact on pathological condition. Therefore, it is vital to understand the resident parties (constituents) in an ecosystem, the basic system behind the ecosystem and epigenetics interaction within the ecosystem (microbes and host) is vital in cancer development and treatment.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46716550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative Translation Strategies in the Emergence of Next-Generation Drugs in Precision Cancer Medicine","authors":"","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2022004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2022004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43368715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of Advancement and Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors","authors":"","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2022003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45417719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Report: Application of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT for the Diagnosis of Bone Metastases in Patients with Low Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels","authors":"","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2022002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2022002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41510411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospective Paradigms in Therapeutic Modalities in the Management of Human Cutaneous Melanoma: Plausible Role of Bioactive Compounds","authors":"","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2022001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2022001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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