Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of diffuse pulmonary diseases primarily affecting the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar spaces, leading to restrictive ventilatory dysfunction and diffusion impairment. Patients with ILD have a higher risk of developing lung cancer, which is an indisputable risk factor for lung cancer. However, the pathogenesis of ILD with lung cancer (ILD-LC) remains unclear, and there are few consensus documents for the specific diagnosis and treatment of ILD-LC to date. This article reviews the latest advancements in the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ILD-LC, aiming to provide a guide for the treatment of ILD-LC patients.
{"title":"Interstitial Lung Disease Combined with Lung Cancer: Current Understanding and Challenges","authors":"Jian Sun, Yanbo Wang, Ruoxuan Yang, Wei Su, Zhangxiang Zhao, Haihai Liang","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2024001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2024001","url":null,"abstract":"Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of diffuse pulmonary diseases primarily affecting the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar spaces, leading to restrictive ventilatory dysfunction and diffusion impairment. Patients with ILD have a higher risk of developing lung cancer, which is an indisputable risk factor for lung cancer. However, the pathogenesis of ILD with lung cancer (ILD-LC) remains unclear, and there are few consensus documents for the specific diagnosis and treatment of ILD-LC to date. This article reviews the latest advancements in the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ILD-LC, aiming to provide a guide for the treatment of ILD-LC patients.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An exosome is a type of tiny vesicle characterized by a lipid bilayer membrane structure, with a diameter ranging from 30 to 100nm. Exosomes can be secreted by nearly all cells, containing cell-specific proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other components. They play a crucial role in transmitting signal molecules to target cells, thereby influencing their biological functions. The investigation of exosomes’ role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has garnered significant attention. As exosome content accurately reflects the characteristics of their cell of origin, enabling the differentiation between normal and diseased tissues, and considering their widespread presence in the human body and ease of accessibility, exosomes hold promise as potential biomarkers for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the potential biological effects of exosomal miRNAs in the development of HCC and explores the associated roles of exosomes in this context.
{"title":"Progress of Exosome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Lu Liu","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023015","url":null,"abstract":"An exosome is a type of tiny vesicle characterized by a lipid bilayer membrane structure, with a diameter ranging from 30 to 100nm. Exosomes can be secreted by nearly all cells, containing cell-specific proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other components. They play a crucial role in transmitting signal molecules to target cells, thereby influencing their biological functions. The investigation of exosomes’ role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has garnered significant attention. As exosome content accurately reflects the characteristics of their cell of origin, enabling the differentiation between normal and diseased tissues, and considering their widespread presence in the human body and ease of accessibility, exosomes hold promise as potential biomarkers for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the potential biological effects of exosomal miRNAs in the development of HCC and explores the associated roles of exosomes in this context.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Cohen, R. Peleg, J. Bracha, Ruth Ifargan, Tamar Jacob
Objective: The need to provide information and instruction for patients post breast cancer (BC) surgery is highly supported. Several studies have shown pre-surgery instruction to be beneficial. However, as information about the experience of patients receiving pre-surgery instruction is limited, this case series aims to describe the experience of nine individual women who received newly developed, updated, self-management physical therapy (PT) instruction before BC surgery. Methods: Participant interviews were conducted by telephone using a list of questions prepared in advance about their personal experience. Medical files provided demographic and medical data. Interviews were performed by one physical therapist, transcribed, and analysed by two co-authors. Similarities and differences between transcripts were summarized. Results: Most participants found the instruction content to be easily understood and beneficial. They also expressed the value of receiving instruction before BC surgery. Nine felt that the instruction should be routinely provided. Criticism was mainly for lack of instruction regarding pain control, dealing with exercise fear avoidance, and that women unfamiliar with self-management and independent exercise may benefit less. Conclusion: Most participants found the new instruction understandable and beneficial when provided pre-surgery. However, this may not be suitable practice for all women as some may need personalized post-surgery instruction. Therefore, in addition to pre-surgical instruction provision, a post BC surgery PT visit would identify those requiring individualized instruction. Information about outpatient PT services should be added to pre-surgery instruction. Future studies should examine content and provision timing in a large sample of participants.
目的：为乳腺癌（BC）术后患者提供信息和指导的必要性得到了广泛支持。多项研究表明，手术前指导是有益的。然而，由于有关患者接受手术前指导的经历的信息有限，本病例系列旨在描述九名妇女在乳腺癌手术前接受新开发、更新的自我管理物理治疗（PT）指导的经历。研究方法使用事先准备好的有关个人经历的问题清单，通过电话对参与者进行访谈。医疗档案提供了人口统计学和医疗数据。访谈由一名物理治疗师进行，由两名共同作者记录和分析。笔录之间的异同点进行了总结。结果大多数参与者都认为指导内容易于理解且有益。他们还表示在 BC 手术前接受指导很有价值。九位参与者认为应该定期提供指导。批评意见主要是缺乏有关疼痛控制、处理运动恐惧回避的指导，以及不熟悉自我管理和独立运动的女性可能受益较少。结论：大多数参与者认为，在手术前提供新的指导是可以理解的，也是有益的。然而，这可能并不适合所有女性，因为有些女性可能需要个性化的术后指导。因此，除了在手术前提供指导外，BC 手术后的视力矫正检查还能发现那些需要个性化指导的人。应在手术前指导中增加有关门诊护理服务的信息。未来的研究应该对大量参与者样本的内容和提供时间进行研究。
{"title":"Reported Experience of Women Who Received a New Self-management Physical Therapy Instruction before Breast Cancer Surgery - A Case Series","authors":"H. Cohen, R. Peleg, J. Bracha, Ruth Ifargan, Tamar Jacob","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The need to provide information and instruction for patients post breast cancer (BC) surgery is highly supported. Several studies have shown pre-surgery instruction to be beneficial. However, as information about the experience of patients receiving pre-surgery instruction is limited, this case series aims to describe the experience of nine individual women who received newly developed, updated, self-management physical therapy (PT) instruction before BC surgery. Methods: Participant interviews were conducted by telephone using a list of questions prepared in advance about their personal experience. Medical files provided demographic and medical data. Interviews were performed by one physical therapist, transcribed, and analysed by two co-authors. Similarities and differences between transcripts were summarized. Results: Most participants found the instruction content to be easily understood and beneficial. They also expressed the value of receiving instruction before BC surgery. Nine felt that the instruction should be routinely provided. Criticism was mainly for lack of instruction regarding pain control, dealing with exercise fear avoidance, and that women unfamiliar with self-management and independent exercise may benefit less. Conclusion: Most participants found the new instruction understandable and beneficial when provided pre-surgery. However, this may not be suitable practice for all women as some may need personalized post-surgery instruction. Therefore, in addition to pre-surgical instruction provision, a post BC surgery PT visit would identify those requiring individualized instruction. Information about outpatient PT services should be added to pre-surgery instruction. Future studies should examine content and provision timing in a large sample of participants.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of lymph node count (LNC) and lymph node ratio (LNR) in the surgical prognostic assessment of colon cancer. Methods: To analyze the correlation among LNC, LNR, and clinicopathological features including systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. To provide a new evaluation idea for clinicians to evaluate the prognosis of colon cancer surgery. The methods of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of patients who underwent colon cancer resection at the Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 1, 2013 to August 1, 2023. LNC (<12 / ≥12) and LNR (<0.25 / ≥0.25) were analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression, as well as clinicopathological characteristics including modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, C-reactive protein and albumin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio. Univariate and multifactorial analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between LNR (<0.25 / ≥0.25) and clinicopathological characteristics and LNC≥12. Results: In multifactorial analysis, significant differences were found between T stage, N stage, LNR (≥0.25), luminal / open, and COPD (P<0.05). Among patients with LNC≥12 and positive lymph nodes, multivariate analysis showed that elevated LNR (≥0.25) was linked to T stage, NLR, and peritoneal invasion. Conclusion: LNC and LNR were unrelated with SIR labeling. The LNC and LNR, on the reverse hand, are directly related. In quality surgical and pathologic practice, when compared to N stage, LNR offers a better prognostic value for patients having surgery for colon cancer.The findings of this study demonstrate that LNR is dependent on LNC and has prognostic value in colon cancer patients.
{"title":"Lymph Node Count and Ratio in Assessment of Colon Cancer Surgery","authors":"Wenli Chen","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of lymph node count (LNC) and lymph node ratio (LNR) in the surgical prognostic assessment of colon cancer. Methods: To analyze the correlation among LNC, LNR, and clinicopathological features including systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. To provide a new evaluation idea for clinicians to evaluate the prognosis of colon cancer surgery. The methods of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of patients who underwent colon cancer resection at the Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 1, 2013 to August 1, 2023. LNC (<12 / ≥12) and LNR (<0.25 / ≥0.25) were analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression, as well as clinicopathological characteristics including modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, C-reactive protein and albumin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio. Univariate and multifactorial analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between LNR (<0.25 / ≥0.25) and clinicopathological characteristics and LNC≥12. Results: In multifactorial analysis, significant differences were found between T stage, N stage, LNR (≥0.25), luminal / open, and COPD (P<0.05). Among patients with LNC≥12 and positive lymph nodes, multivariate analysis showed that elevated LNR (≥0.25) was linked to T stage, NLR, and peritoneal invasion. Conclusion: LNC and LNR were unrelated with SIR labeling. The LNC and LNR, on the reverse hand, are directly related. In quality surgical and pathologic practice, when compared to N stage, LNR offers a better prognostic value for patients having surgery for colon cancer.The findings of this study demonstrate that LNR is dependent on LNC and has prognostic value in colon cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ewing sarcoma is a rare bone and tissue cancer which most commonly occurs in young adults and children. Survival rates are variable, recurrences common, and premature mortality a considerable burden despite aggressive multimodal cancer therapy. Pain is frequently experienced from the time of Ewing sarcoma diagnosis and even in favourable outcomes, chronic pain syndromes are not uncommon developments. However, the literature around the pain experience and pain-related distress, along with potential management strategies, is lacking. In this case report, we describe a patient with Ewing sarcoma of the right pelvis which was later complicated by developing secondary chondrosarcoma. This report will highlight the pain characteristics, syndromes, and challenges of pain management of a patient with Ewing sarcoma spanning multiple specialties and exploring key evolving concepts in cancer pain management.
{"title":"Pain in Ewing Sarcoma: A Complex Case Report","authors":"Jamie Young, Jeremy Lewin, Sophie McGilvray","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023011","url":null,"abstract":"Ewing sarcoma is a rare bone and tissue cancer which most commonly occurs in young adults and children. Survival rates are variable, recurrences common, and premature mortality a considerable burden despite aggressive multimodal cancer therapy. Pain is frequently experienced from the time of Ewing sarcoma diagnosis and even in favourable outcomes, chronic pain syndromes are not uncommon developments. However, the literature around the pain experience and pain-related distress, along with potential management strategies, is lacking. In this case report, we describe a patient with Ewing sarcoma of the right pelvis which was later complicated by developing secondary chondrosarcoma. This report will highlight the pain characteristics, syndromes, and challenges of pain management of a patient with Ewing sarcoma spanning multiple specialties and exploring key evolving concepts in cancer pain management.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive prognostic model for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by integrating genomic and clinical factors. AML is a prevalent malignant bone marrow disorder with a significant impact on adult populations. Despite existing knowledge about certain prognostic genes, a holistic model considering both genomic and clinical variables for assessing overall survival is lacking. This research endeavors to fill this gap by analyzing gene expression profiles and clinical attributes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, with a focus on determining the influence of these factors on AML patient survival by incorporating disease-associated genes sourced from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Methods: We conducted an analysis of complete gene expression profiles and clinical data from 173 AML patients within the TCGA database. Utilizing advanced statistical techniques, we explored the relationships between gene expression levels, clinical features, and patient survival. Disease-related genes identified from the KEGG pathway database were integrated into the analysis to enhance the model’s predictive power. Cox proportional hazards regression and machine learning algorithms were employed to develop and optimize the prognostic model. Results: Our analysis revealed substantial insights into the impact of gene expression patterns and clinical attributes on the survival of AML patients. By incorporating disease-associated genes from the KEGG pathway database, we observed a notable enhancement in the model’s ability to predict survival outcomes. The optimized prognostic model successfully integrated both genomic and clinical factors, providing a more accurate assessment of AML patient survival. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of combining genomic and clinical factors in predicting survival outcomes for AML patients. Our comprehensive prognostic model, enriched by disease-related genes from the KEGG pathway database, offers an innovative approach to enhancing the accuracy of survival predictions. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between gene expression profiles and clinical attributes, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of AML prognosis and paves the way for more effective personalized treatment strategies.
{"title":"Survival Analysis on Identified Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on TCGA Database","authors":"Wenyan Zhao, Peiyan Wang","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive prognostic model for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by integrating genomic and clinical factors. AML is a prevalent malignant bone marrow disorder with a significant impact on adult populations. Despite existing knowledge about certain prognostic genes, a holistic model considering both genomic and clinical variables for assessing overall survival is lacking. This research endeavors to fill this gap by analyzing gene expression profiles and clinical attributes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, with a focus on determining the influence of these factors on AML patient survival by incorporating disease-associated genes sourced from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Methods: We conducted an analysis of complete gene expression profiles and clinical data from 173 AML patients within the TCGA database. Utilizing advanced statistical techniques, we explored the relationships between gene expression levels, clinical features, and patient survival. Disease-related genes identified from the KEGG pathway database were integrated into the analysis to enhance the model’s predictive power. Cox proportional hazards regression and machine learning algorithms were employed to develop and optimize the prognostic model. Results: Our analysis revealed substantial insights into the impact of gene expression patterns and clinical attributes on the survival of AML patients. By incorporating disease-associated genes from the KEGG pathway database, we observed a notable enhancement in the model’s ability to predict survival outcomes. The optimized prognostic model successfully integrated both genomic and clinical factors, providing a more accurate assessment of AML patient survival. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of combining genomic and clinical factors in predicting survival outcomes for AML patients. Our comprehensive prognostic model, enriched by disease-related genes from the KEGG pathway database, offers an innovative approach to enhancing the accuracy of survival predictions. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between gene expression profiles and clinical attributes, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of AML prognosis and paves the way for more effective personalized treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer remains a formidable challenge in our modern society, and breast cancer has emerged as the most prevalent form of cancer among women worldwide. Timely detection of breast cancer holds immense potential for improving the lives of countless women globally. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the multifaceted factors that contribute to the prevalence of breast cancer among women from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. We explored the intricate interplay of genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences that contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. Additionally, we discussed the well-established screening methods, particularly mammography, which has revolutionized the early detection of breast cancer. Moreover, we highlight the advancements in the development of biomarkers that offer a simple and convenient alternative to overcome the limitations of mammography. Furthermore, we examine the pivotal role that artificial intelligence plays in enhancing breast cancer detection, presenting its potential to revolutionize diagnostic approaches and improve overall outcomes. Through this review, we aim to provide valuable insights into the various aspects of breast cancer detection, facilitating informed decision-making and advancing the fight against this formidable disease.
{"title":"Overview of Early Detection for Breast Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives","authors":"Peiyan Wang, Jiayan Chen, Wenyan Zhao","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023010","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer remains a formidable challenge in our modern society, and breast cancer has emerged as the most prevalent form of cancer among women worldwide. Timely detection of breast cancer holds immense potential for improving the lives of countless women globally. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the multifaceted factors that contribute to the prevalence of breast cancer among women from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. We explored the intricate interplay of genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences that contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. Additionally, we discussed the well-established screening methods, particularly mammography, which has revolutionized the early detection of breast cancer. Moreover, we highlight the advancements in the development of biomarkers that offer a simple and convenient alternative to overcome the limitations of mammography. Furthermore, we examine the pivotal role that artificial intelligence plays in enhancing breast cancer detection, presenting its potential to revolutionize diagnostic approaches and improve overall outcomes. Through this review, we aim to provide valuable insights into the various aspects of breast cancer detection, facilitating informed decision-making and advancing the fight against this formidable disease.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The central dogma of molecular biology has traditionally viewed ribosomes as uniform entities translating mRNA into proteins with mechanical precision. Recent findings challenge this perspective, revealing unexpected ribosome heterogeneity within cells, thus proposing a novel mechanism for diversifying protein synthesis. This concept parallels the “histone code” hypothesis, leading to the proposition of a “ribosome code” that suggests variations in ribosomal protein stoichiometry, paralogs, and modifications may preferentially translate certain mRNA populations. The role of ribosome heterogeneity in cancer pathogenesis, however, remains a subject of debate. Evidence suggests that alterations in ribosome composition, structure, and activity could influence abnormal protein synthesis, thus contributing to tumorigenesis. This is supported by the correlation between enhanced ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and tumor growth, as well as the observed modifications in cancer ribosomes. Examining the nuances of ribosome heterogeneity, its influence on translational biases, and implications for tumor biology could significantly deepen our understanding of cancer’s molecular landscape, potentially unveiling novel therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Exploring Ribosome Code: Unveiling A Novel Dimension of Gene Regulation in Carcinogenesis","authors":"Yuen Gao","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023009","url":null,"abstract":"The central dogma of molecular biology has traditionally viewed ribosomes as uniform entities translating mRNA into proteins with mechanical precision. Recent findings challenge this perspective, revealing unexpected ribosome heterogeneity within cells, thus proposing a novel mechanism for diversifying protein synthesis. This concept parallels the “histone code” hypothesis, leading to the proposition of a “ribosome code” that suggests variations in ribosomal protein stoichiometry, paralogs, and modifications may preferentially translate certain mRNA populations. The role of ribosome heterogeneity in cancer pathogenesis, however, remains a subject of debate. Evidence suggests that alterations in ribosome composition, structure, and activity could influence abnormal protein synthesis, thus contributing to tumorigenesis. This is supported by the correlation between enhanced ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and tumor growth, as well as the observed modifications in cancer ribosomes. Examining the nuances of ribosome heterogeneity, its influence on translational biases, and implications for tumor biology could significantly deepen our understanding of cancer’s molecular landscape, potentially unveiling novel therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46494977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The groundbreaking study “Falcon systematically interrogates free fatty acid biology and identifies a novel mediator of lipotoxicity” explores the complex relationship between free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipotoxicity. By utilizing the Functional Analysis of Lipid Composition (Falcon) platform, researchers gained fresh insights into the role of FFAs in various diseases. The study offered a tool to explore cancer and its metabolic changes, including increased de novo lipogenesis, upregulated fatty acid transporters, and altered β-oxidation. Lipotoxicity, the accumulation of excessive lipids in non-adipose tissues, was identified as a pivotal factor in cancer progression, impairing cellular function and promoting inflammation. Targeting lipotoxicity could disrupt crucial pathways in cancer cells and improve treatment outcomes. Overall, the Falcon study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing lipotoxicity in diseases, offering potential avenues for innovative therapies and improving the cancer-lipotoxicity mechanism explore strategies.
{"title":"New Perspectives on Cancer Applicability of Falcon Systems Studies of Lipotoxicity","authors":"Lexiang Yu","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023008","url":null,"abstract":"The groundbreaking study “Falcon systematically interrogates free fatty acid biology and identifies a novel mediator of lipotoxicity” explores the complex relationship between free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipotoxicity. By utilizing the Functional Analysis of Lipid Composition (Falcon) platform, researchers gained fresh insights into the role of FFAs in various diseases. The study offered a tool to explore cancer and its metabolic changes, including increased de novo lipogenesis, upregulated fatty acid transporters, and altered β-oxidation. Lipotoxicity, the accumulation of excessive lipids in non-adipose tissues, was identified as a pivotal factor in cancer progression, impairing cellular function and promoting inflammation. Targeting lipotoxicity could disrupt crucial pathways in cancer cells and improve treatment outcomes. Overall, the Falcon study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing lipotoxicity in diseases, offering potential avenues for innovative therapies and improving the cancer-lipotoxicity mechanism explore strategies.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48016545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: English databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine Disc) were searched for literature on TNT combined with total mesorectal excision (TME) compared with nCRT combined with TME for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. The literature search time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and preliminarily evaluated the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 9 studies involving 1307 patients were included, including 668 patients in the experimental group and 639 patients in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis on survival benefits showed that the overall survival and pathological complete response rate of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group, with statistical significance (all, P<0.05); There was no statistical significance in the R0 resection rate and T stage downstaging rate between the two groups (all, P<0.05). The results of the meta-analysis on treatment safety showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade ≥3 adverse reactions and postoperative complications between the two groups (all, P>0.05). Conclusion: In the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, compared with the nCRT regimen, the TNT regimen can bring more survival benefits to patients without significantly increasing the risk of adverse reactions. It is recommended that TNT be used as a recommended treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
目的：系统评价全新辅助治疗（TNT）与新辅助放化疗（nCRT）治疗局部晚期癌症的疗效和安全性。方法：检索英文数据库（PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials）和中文数据库（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，Wanfang Database，China Biological Medicine Disc）中关于TNT联合全直肠炎切除术（TME）与nCRT联合TME治疗局部晚期癌症的文献。文献检索时限为自数据库建立之日起至2022年10月。两名研究人员对文献进行了独立筛选，提取了数据，并对文献质量进行了初步评估。使用Review Manager 5.4软件进行荟萃分析。结果：共纳入9项研究，涉及1307名患者，其中实验组668名患者，对照组639名患者。生存效益的meta分析结果显示，实验组的总生存率和病理完全缓解率均明显优于对照组，具有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05），TNT方案可以给患者带来更多的生存益处，而不会显著增加不良反应的风险。建议TNT作为局部晚期癌症患者的推荐治疗方法。
{"title":"Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Compared with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer","authors":"Tianjiao Wang","doi":"10.53964/jmmo.2023006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jmmo.2023006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: English databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine Disc) were searched for literature on TNT combined with total mesorectal excision (TME) compared with nCRT combined with TME for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. The literature search time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and preliminarily evaluated the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 9 studies involving 1307 patients were included, including 668 patients in the experimental group and 639 patients in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis on survival benefits showed that the overall survival and pathological complete response rate of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group, with statistical significance (all, P<0.05); There was no statistical significance in the R0 resection rate and T stage downstaging rate between the two groups (all, P<0.05). The results of the meta-analysis on treatment safety showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade ≥3 adverse reactions and postoperative complications between the two groups (all, P>0.05). Conclusion: In the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, compared with the nCRT regimen, the TNT regimen can bring more survival benefits to patients without significantly increasing the risk of adverse reactions. It is recommended that TNT be used as a recommended treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":73834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern medical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49000950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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